This open access book presents a methodology for the assessment of structural building details, taking into account the contemporary guidelines for earthquake-resistant and energy-efficient buildings. A review of structural details for energy-efficient buildings revealed that in some cases the structural system is interrupted, leading to solutions which are not suitable for earthquake-prone regions. Such typical examples would be the use of thermal insulation under the building foundation and reduction of the load-bearing elements' dimensions - also at the potential locations of plastic hinges which are crucial for the dissipation of seismic energy. The proposed methodology of assessment favours a collaboration of architects, engineers, contractors and investors in the early stage of building design. By this the methodology enables efficient decision-making and contributes to a selection of optimal building structural details.The book starts by presenting the typical structural details of the thermal envelope of energy-efficient buildings together with the scientific background required for understanding the process of detail development from all the relevant aspects. Over 20 examples of most frequent details are described and analysed to raise awareness of the importance of earthquake resistance, sustainability, energy-efficiency and thermal comfort for users.

Why do we live in homes and communities built around the century-old industrial model of large service networks that use polluting resources? For more than a century, creative architects and planners have dreamed of decentralisation and self-sufficient living, not to cut themselves off from society, but to invent new modes of consumption and to rethink collective public services around common environmental values. In a time of climate crisis, changing society means changing energy infrastructures. Dreams of disconnection tells the story of this strand of design and planning, from its pioneers in the late nineteenth century to those applying similar ideas to tomorrow's technology two hundred years later. Lopez takes in many a utopian visionary in her tour of dreamers of disconnection, from theorists and architects to industrialists and engineers. Technology and design are the centrepieces for these projects, and their complexity, particularly around sustainable supplies of energy, food and water, so often find solutions in aesthetics. Whether these models were based around single homes or whole cities, Dreams of disconnection reveals that there is much to be learnt and marvelled at in the history of self-sufficient design. This book is relevant to both United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 7 and 11, Affordable and clean energy and Sustainable cities and communities -- .

This book offers a comprehensive presentation of the most important phenomena in building physics: heat transfer, moisture/humidity, sound/acoustics and illumination. As the book is primarily aimed at engineers, it addresses technical issues with the necessary pragmatism and incorporates many practical examples and related international standards. In order to ensure a complete understanding, it also explains the underlying physical principles and relates them to practical aspects in a simple and clear manner. The relationships between the various phenomena of building physics are clarified through consistent cross-referencing of formulas and ideas. The second edition features both new and revised sections on topics such as energy balance, solar gain, ventilation, road traffic and daylighting and takes into account new developments in international standards. It newly features almost 200 illustrations and 21 videos worth of supplementary material. The book is primarily aimed at students of civil engineering and architecture, as well as scientists and practitioners in these fields who wish to deepen or broaden their knowledge of topics within building physics.

For almost 10,000 years man has built in unbaked earth, not only simple dwellings but also palaces, temples and fortresses of the utmost grandeur and durability. This encyclopedic work shows the extreme diversity of this type of architecture from a technical, cultural and historical point of view. After presenting the various types of raw earth constructions (adobe and rammed earth, walls and roofs, columns, etc.), Jean Dethier reveals some of the raw earth masterpieces scattered across five continents, most of which are listed as UNESCO world heritage sites. From the creations of antiquity to those of today, as well as vernacular heritage and modernist works, the book surveys a multitude of building types: monumental structures - the temples and palaces of Mesopotamia, the Great Wall of China, the Great Mosque of Djenne in Mali, Capitagreen in Singapore; large urban developments - the city of Tenochtitlan in Mexico, the medinas of Morocco; housing in Marrakech, Bogota and various European cities; the castle-houses of the Somba people in Togo; Martin Rauch's villas in Austria; and public amenities - sa high school in Bangladesh, a museum in Australia, a market in Koudougou, Burkina-Faso, and many more... The culmination of fifty years of work, this definitive book is illustrated with 600 photographs and about one hundred drawings and architectural plans.

Technology-driven disruption and entrepreneurial response have become profound drivers of change in modern culture. Wholly new organisations have rapidly emerged in many fields including retail, print media and transportation, often dramatically altering both the products and processes that define these industries. Architecture has until now been minimally impacted by this technologically driven upheaval. But there are many signs that this period of tranquillity is ending. Startups are proliferating, targeting diverse innovations from environmental performance to large-scale 3D printing. Traditional architecture and engineering firms are creating incubators and spin-offs to capitalise on their innovations. Large and innovative organisations from outside the professions are becoming interested in the built environment as the next platform for technological and economic disruption. These new directions for the discipline will potentially create radically new types of practice, new building typologies, and new ways for both design professionals and societies to engage with the built environment. It is crucial that architectural discourse addresses these possibilities, and begins to embrace technology-driven entrepreneurship as a central theme for the future of architectural practice. Contributors: Sandeep Ahuja, Ben van Berkel, Phil Bernstein, Helen Castle, James Cramer and Scott Simpson, Craig Curtis, David Fano and Daniel Davis, Greg Lynn, Jessica Rosenkrantz and Jesse Louis-Rosenberg, Brad Samuels, Marc Simmons, Jared Della Valle, and Philip F Yuan and Chao Yan. Featured architects: Archi-Union, Ayre Chamberlain Gaunt, Bryden Wood, Gehry Partners, Front, Greg Lynn FORM, Millar Howard Workshop, Nervous System, SITU, and UNStudio.

In the tradition of the bestselling Where Chefs Eat: the definitive global hotel guide by the real experts who know - architects No one appreciates a building quite like an architect - and now, for the first time, more than 250 of the world's leading architects share insider tips on where to stay, revealing everything from renowned destinations to undiscovered gems. With 1,200 listings in more than 100 countries, this unique guide has readers covered, whether planning a business trip or a vacation, a city break or a remote getaway, a wedding or a corporate event. It's the ideal resource, gift, and gateway to design-conscious journeys worldwide.

Through research and proven practice, the aim of the International Conference of Sustainable Ecological Engineering Design for Society (SEEDS) is to foster ideas on how to reduce negative impacts on the environment while providing for the health and well-being of society. The professions and fields of research required to ensure buildings meet user demands and provide healthy enclosures are many and diverse. The SEEDS conference addresses the interdependence of people, the built and natural environments, and recognizes the interdisciplinary and international themes necessary to assemble the knowledge required for positive change.

This book looks at alternative ways of analyzing traditional and contemporary architectural design and building practices in South Asia with a special focus on India. It showcases how collaborative projects between architects and local communities and drawing from local building traditions can lead to sustainable and equitable practices in architecture. The volume includes an analysis of projects in rural, tribal, and urban areas of India and Nepal and first-hand accounts of architects, teachers, and professionals engaged in the theory and practice of design and architecture. It examines the differences between the individualistic and the collective approach and explores the meaning of architecture as a process and as a product and as a decentralized, ecologically, and locally sensitive way of designing. While comparing traditional and modern methods of building, it also examines the impact of each method on the community, the economy and the surrounding environment. This book will be of interest to researchers and students of architecture, urban studies, urban planning, urban ecology, urban geography, and sustainable development. It will also be useful for architects, planners, urban designers, and professionals associated with these disciplines.

This book highlights key recent developments in air conditioning technologies for cooling and dehumidification with the specific objectives to improve energy efficiency and to minimize environmental impact. Today, air conditioning, comprising cooling and dehumidification, is a necessity in commercial and residential buildings and even in many industrial processes. This book provides key update on recent developments in air conditioning systems, cooling cycles and innovative cooling/dehumidification technologies. Key technologies related to cooling include heat-driven absorption and adsorption cooling and water-based dew point evaporative cooling. Technologies connected with dehumidification involve new generations of adsorbent-desiccant dehumidifiers, liquid-based desiccants and membranes that sieve out water vapor from air. Losses in cooling cycles and thermo-economic analysis for a sustainable economy are also judiciously documented.

This volume offers a wealth of interdisciplinary approaches to artificial intelligence, machine learning and optimization tools, which contribute to the optimization of urban features towards forming smart, sustainable, and livable future cities. Special features include: New research on the design of city elements and smart systems with respect to new technologies and scientific thinking Discussions on the theoretical background that lead to smart cities for the future New technologies and principles of research that can promote ideas of artificial intelligence and machine learning in optimized urban environments The book engages students and researchers in the subjects of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and optimization tools in smart sustainable cities as eminent international experts contribute their research results and thinking in its chapters. Overall, its audience can benefit from a variety of disciplines including, architecture, engineering, physics, mathematics, computer science, and related fields.

This book provides detailed information on how to set up Deep Energy Retrofits (DERs) in public buildings, and shares in-depth insights into the current status of the major technologies, strategies and best practice examples of how to cost-effectively combine them. Case studies from the U.S.A. and Europe show that that Deep Energy Retrofit can be achieved with a limited core technologies bundle readily available on the market. Characteristics of some of these core technology measures depend on the technologies available on an individual nation's market, on the minimum requirements of national standards, and on economics (as determined by a life cycle cost analysis). Also, requirements to building envelope-related technologies (e.g., insulation levels, windows, vapor and water barriers, and requirements for building airtightness) depend on specific climate conditions. This Guide provides best practice examples of how to apply these technologies in different construction situations. High levels of energy use reduction using core technology bundles along with improvements in indoor climate and thermal comfort can be only achieved when a Deep Energy Retrofit adopts a quality assurance process. In addition to design, construction, commissioning, and post-occupancy phases of the quality assurance process, the Guide emphasizes the importance of clearly and concisely formulating and documenting the Owner's goals, expectations, and requirements for the renovated building during development of the statement of work. Another important component of the quality assurance process is a procurement phase, during which bidders' qualifications, their understanding of the scope of work and its requirements, and their previous experience are analyzed. The building sector holds the potential for tremendous improvements in terms of energy efficiency and reducing carbon emissions, and energy retrofits to the existing building stock represent a significant opportunity in the transition to a low-carbon future. Moreover, investing in highly efficient building materials and systems can replace long-term energy imports, contribute to cost cutting, and create a wealth of new jobs. Yet, while the technologies needed in order to improve energy efficiency are readily available, significant progress has not yet been made, and "best practices" for implementing building technologies and renewable energy sources are still relegated to small "niche" applications. Offering essential information on Deep Energy Retrofits, the book offers a valuable asset for architects, public authorities, project developers, and engineers alike.

This book highlights the significance of using sustainable energy to prevent the deterioration of our planet using heat pumps. Energy sustainability can be achieved through improved energy efficiency. In this regard, heat pumps offer an energy-efficient alternative for heating and cooling. To drive the adoption of heat pumps as a key component of sustainable buildings, the authors focus on examining sustainable practices in heat pump operations and innovative system design. In view of the growing desire to use sustainable energy to meet heating and cooling demands and improve indoor air quality, this book offers a valuable reference guide to the available options in HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning) system design. To begin with, the authors define sustainable energy and discuss the trend of "thinking green" in building design. They then discuss sustainable practices and heat pump applications in mapping out HVAC systems. In turn, they examine the use of green operations to promote sustainable practices and, in order to highlight the importance of innovative design, discuss the configuration options and precision control aspects. In closing, the authors illustrate innovative sustainable design on the basis of several energy-efficient cases. The book's main goal is to drive the adoption of sustainable energy solutions. Heat pumps, it argues, represent the most efficient system for meeting commercial/recreational/residential heating and cooling demands. The book not only examines industrial practices in heat pump application, but also discusses advanced heat pump technologies and innovative heat pump designs.

Responding to increasing levels of planetary pollution, waste generation, carbon dioxide emission and environmental collapse, Ecologies of Inception re-thinks potentiality-an object's ability to change-in architecture and design. The book problematizes the still-prevailing modern paradigm of design practice: the technical tabula rasa, a tendency to begin from scratch and use raw, amorphous, and obedient materials that can be easily and effectively manipulated, facilitating a seamless and faithful embodiment of intentions. Instead, the philosophy of design developed in the text prompts-through a variety of case studies, thinkers, and disciplines-a collective reconsideration of value, dissociating it from the projects and signatures of any one author or generation. Whereas the merits of up-cycling and circular design are canonically defined vis-a-vis status-quo economic and socio-cultural orthodoxies, this project unpacks the theoretical assumptions that underpin these practices, showing that they perpetuate the same biases and exclusions that generate waste in the first place. As an alternative, the book introduces a nodal and exaptive paradigm for design: a conceptual and methodological toolset for engaging the durational and anthropocenic materiality of the third millennium, and for radically prioritizing practices of maintenance, reuse, care, and co-option. This approach, which is inspired by (and builds upon) evolutionary biology, technological disobedience, queer use, adaptive reuse, experimental preservation, and improvisational practices such as collage, adhocism, bricolage, and kit-bashing, refuses to reduce pre-existing material substrates to abstract lists of properties or featureless lumps, encountering them on their own terms-as situated individuals and co-authors. Ecologies of Inception will appeal to undergraduate and postgraduate students, educators, and professional architects and designers interested in sustainable design and seeking to develop conceptual and design tools commensurate with the magnitude and urgency of the climate emergency.

This book examines ways of saving energy by using green roofs and facades, solar devices such as building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), and thermal solar panels, as components of energy-efficient building envelopes. The author takes an interdisciplinary / multidisciplinary approach to the subject that analyzes several different scientific fields connected to building research-sustainability, sustainable architecture, energy efficiency in buildings, and building envelopes-while approaching other collateral domains, including history, archaeology, botanics, physics, engineering, and landscape architecture. Alternative Envelope Components for Energy-Efficient Buildings will be a welcome resource for researchers, students, and postgraduates in the fields of energy, building materials, and renewable energy, as well as architects, engineers, and specialists in industries related to building products. Looks at the impact of building envelopes on energy usage; Offers readers an introduction to the principles of sustainability; Presents passive and active approaches to using solar devices.

This book introduces a new wellbeing dimension to the theory and practice of learning space design for early childhood and school contexts. It highlights vital, yet generally overlooked relationships between the learning environment and student learning and wellbeing, and reveals the potential of participatory, values-based design approaches to create learning spaces that respond to contemporary learners' needs. Focusing on three main themes it explores conceptual understandings of learning spaces and wellbeing; students' lived experience and needs of learning spaces; and the development of a new theory and its practical application to the design of learning spaces that enhance student wellbeing. It examines these complex and interwoven topics through various theoretical lenses and provides an extensive, current literature review that connects learning environment design and learner wellbeing in a wide range of educational settings from early years to secondary school. Offering transferable approaches and a new theoretical model of wellbeing as flourishing to support the design of innovative learning environments, this book is of interest to researchers, tertiary educators and students in the education and design fields, as well as school administrators and facility managers, teachers, architects and designers.

This book provides new information to understand the relationship between urban development and environmental change to the reader. How to create a sustainable and livable urban environment and realize the sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the United Nations (UN) is one of the biggest challenges in this century, even in the next centuries. The covered subject areas of this book aim at finding a way to push SDGs forward by collecting the related knowledge between urban development and its environmental implication. Specifically, the book focuses on UN SDGs 9 (industry, innovation and infrastructure), 11 (sustainable cities and communities), and 13 (climate action). Regarding the SDGs 9, this book assesses urban population mobility, urban ecosystem services, and green infrastructure to address climate change in cities. Regarding the SDGs 11, this book explores the sustainability of urban landscape change associated with urbanization based on a multi-scale perspective. Regarding the SDGs 13, this book explores the issues affecting the development of healthy cities in the context of climate change and possible ways to address them. This book focuses on newer fields related to various forms of urbanization and urban climate. Under different urbanization and development scenarios, the city and built environment are facing new challenges and become a major concern. Better understandings of related physical laws and sustainable technologies are badly needed. This book is a good reference to urban planners, city officials, citizens who are concerned about the city environment, and policymakers, as well as students studying urban structure and environment.

"CAAD Futures" is a bi-annual conference that aims to promote the advancement of computer-aided architectural design in the service of those concerned with the quality of the built environment. The conferences are organized under the auspices of the CAAD Futures Foundation, which has its secretariat at the Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands.

This book contains papers prepared for the 10th CAAD Futures conference that took place at the National Cheng Kung University, 28 to 30 April, 2003. The chapters provide an overview of the state-of-the-art in research on computer-aided architectural design at that time. Information on the CAAD Futures Foundation and its conferences can be found at http: //www.caadfutures.arch.tue.nl

This book provides the first comparative assessment of the energy-efficiency retrofit programs in the social housing sector of Canadian cities, focusing on program efficiency and effectiveness. The analytical framework explores key policy instruments - regulatory, fiscal and institutional - in relation to major results achieved. The approach is interdisciplinary, supported by rich empirical data from case studies, observations and interviews. The book explores important strategies for the provision of green and affordable housing, while addressing climate change imperatives and resilience issues. This is of great interest to researchers, policy makers, city leaders, professionals and students. Its value added contribution to scholarship is complemented by practical relevance for social housing organisations in countries with a small residual housing sector. It offers valuable lessons for the design, planning and implementation of energy retrofit programs in North America and beyond.

This book explores the relationship between the circular economy and the building technologies within the quintuple helix innovation model. The main question the book answers is whether and how the conversion of sustainable construction processes can be a powerful engine of innovation for the industry. The post-disaster settlements and temporary shelters are assumed as examples of what can be defined as circular buildings in regards to the technical arrangements and features, material and process reversibility, as the social and participative dimensions. Several cases of these interventions are documented and classified by three thematic axes: design, building and living. This highlighted new trajectories for innovation in building technology, consistent with the social, economic and productive dynamics that no longer allows for growing performance by increasing the resource demand. A theoretic framework is traced supporting this vision, which shows how the low technologies can respond to the transition of the economic model from linear to circular. Within this trajectory, the low-tech design for remanufacturing represents a reference framework and a promising tool applicable to the building processes. The enabling technologies and new paradigms for the transition to circular economy emerging from the European research scenario are also mapped, outlining z`the possible future developments in line with open technical and societal challenges.

Most English and Welsh towns were founded or grew rapidly in the later medieval period, in particular between the mid twelfth and early fourteenth centuries. This book begins by giving a brief outline of the great growth in the number and size of towns and outlines the archaeological, documentary and cartographic evidence that is available. It then goes on to relate that evidence to surviving and lost features in the townscape, with the aim of providing enough background material for the reader to be able to see why, when, where and how any medieval town grew. Particular topics covered include town sites, their overall layout, street patterns, defences (castles, walls and gates), markets, trades, churches, chapels, monasteries, suburbs, property boundaries and houses. Above all, this is a practical guide to the study of medieval town plans.

Dr Paul Hindle took early retirement in 2000; he was previously a Senior Lecturer in Geography. He is Honorary Secretary of Manchester Geographical Society. He has written widely on roads, maps and the Lake District.

Smartgeometry (SG) has had an enormous influence on the emerging architectural community interested in exploring creative computational methods for the design of buildings. An informal international network of practitioners and researchers, the group meets annually to experiment with new technologies and collaborate to develop digital design techniques.

SG was founded in 2001 by London-based architects and friends Hugh Whitehead (Foster + Partners), J Parrish (Aecom) and Lars Hesselgren (PLP). At the time there were little in the way of parametric tools for architecture. SG was founded to encourage development, discussion and experimentation relating to new digital design environments that could be driven by design intent rather than based on construction specifications. The need for new ways of design thinking led to the parallel development of software GenerativeComponents which was tested in the early years of the annual workshops. In response to the needs of designers, the ecology of these design environments has diversified to include multiple software platforms, as well as innovative fabrication techniques and interactive environments.

SG calls for a re-consideration of the design process, where the creation of computational mechanisms become an integral part of designing - not a task done prior to or separate from the process. From pencil to algorithm, the tools that architects use directly influence their creative process. New design tools and new design environments therefore mean a requisite re-thinking of what architecture is, and can be. "Inside Smartgeometry" examines and contextualizes the work of the SG community: the digital spaces, prototypes, and buildings designed using bespoke tools created in response to architectural ideas.

From interactive crowd-sourcing tools to responsive agent-based systems to complex digitally fabricated structures, this book explores more than a decade of advances that have influenced both the practice of architecture and the theory that drives it. SG has grown from a handful of experts to an international network of designers who are helping to define design environments of the future. Founded by digital pioneers it creates the algorithmic designers of the future.

This book can be seen as a retroactive manifesto for SG, celebrating the varied approaches to computational design explored by forward thinking practitioners and researchers. Through twenty-three original texts including reflections by the founders, and texts by Robert Aish, Martin Bechthold, Rob Woodbury, Chris Williams and Mark Burry, the book offers a critical state of the art of computational design for architecture. SG has been relevant to many international design and engineering offices and the book includes chapters by practitioners from offices such as Foster + Partners, Grimshaw, SOM, Design2Production, CASE, and Populous.