"Advances in Taxation" publishes articles dealing with all aspects of taxation. Articles can address tax policy issues at the federal, state, local, or international level. The series primarily publishes empirical studies that address compliance, computer usage, education, legal, planning, or policy issues. These studies generally involve interdisciplinary research that incorporates theories from accounting, economics, finance, psychology, and sociology.

Heat islands are urban and suburban areas that are significantly warmer than their surroundings. Traditional, highly absorptive construction materials and a lack of effective landscaping are their main causes. Heat island problems, in terms of increased energy consumption, reduced air quality and effects on human health and mortality, are becoming more pressing as cities continue to grow and sprawl. This comprehensive book brings together the latest information about heat islands and their mitigation. The book describes how heat islands are formed, what problems they cause, which technologies mitigate heat island effects and what policies and actions can be taken to cool communities. Internationally renowned expert Lisa Gartland offers a comprehensive source of information for turning heat islands into cool communities. The author includes sections on cool roofing and cool paving, explains their benefits in detail and provides practical guidelines for their selection and installation. The book also reviews how and why to incorporate trees and vegetation around buildings, in parking lots and on green roofs.

This book gathers the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of building design and construction, by focusing on new design solutions for buildings and new technologies creation for construction, as presented by researchers and engineers at the 4th International Conference Building Innovations (ICBI), held in Poltava - Baku, Ukraine - Azerbaijan, on May 19-20, 2022. It covers highly diverse topics, including structures operation, repairing and thermal modernization in existing buildings and urban planning features, machines and mechanisms for construction, as well as efficient economy and energy conservation issues in construction. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, highlight numerous exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaborations.

Focuses on innovative design for small offices. The significant and rapid trend toward small office design globally is testament to increasing economic imperatives, where often commercial rentals are pushing business into innovative ways to manage and minimise their space and resources. Fast-evolving technological advances are also making it possible for people to work from home, where their home office environment needs to be not only stylish, but also conducive to productivity, and ergonomic to support and encourage good health and well-being. Also, there are those who seek to start their own business and are looking to establish a creative, professional and inspiring home office environment. 'Big Design for Small Workspaces' combines form with function, and presents innovative interior designs for offices with compact floor plans of up to about 3230 square feet (300 square meters). This book showcases a selection of richly photographed, sleek and modern solutions, and presents insightful design concepts and appealing examples of imaginative and resourceful spaces, with informative commentaries describing aspects such as furnishings and materials, workstation layout, including the use of vertical space to its fullest advantage, and multipurpose areas. This book will provide an essential source of inspiration for architects, interior designers, small business owners, the homeoffice renovator, and anyone looking to create a smart small office environment. SELLING POINTS: - Focuses on the innovative design for small offices - Provides a comprehensive look at clever design in small spaces - Suits designers of small-space environments with floor plans up to about 2450 square feet (200 square metres) 400 col.

This book addresses the main challenges in implementing the concepts that aim to replace the regular fossil-fuels based energy pattern with the novel energy pattern relying on renewable energy. As the built environment is one major energy consumer, well known and exploited by each community member, the challenges addressing the built environment has to be solved with the consistent contribution of the community inhabitants and its administration. The transition phase, which already is under implementation, is represented by the Nearly Zero Energy Communities (nZEC). From the research topics towards the large scale implementation, the nZEC concept is analyzed in this book, starting with the specific issues of the sustainable built environment, beyond the Nearly Zero Energy Buildings towards a more integrated view on the community (Chapter1) and followed by various implementation concepts for renewable heating & cooling (Chapter 2), for renewable electrical energy production at community level (Chapter 3) and for sustainable water use and reuse (Chapter 4). As the topic is still new, specific instruments supporting education and training (Chapter 5) are needed, aiming to provide the knowledge that can drive the communities in the near future and is expected to increase the acceptance towards renewable energy implemented at community level. The sub-chapters of this book are the proceedings of the 5th edition of the Conference for Sustainable Energy, during 19-21 October 2017, organized by the R&D Centre Renewable Energy Systems and Recycling, in the R&D Institute of the Transilvania University of Brasov. This event was organized under the patronage of the International Federation for the Science of Machines and Mechanisms (IFToMM) - the Technical Committee Sustainable Energy Systems, of the European Sustainable Energy Alliance (ESEIA) and of the Romanian Academy of Technical Sciences.

* Introduces a holistic and embodied alternative to visually-driven architecture, demonstrating that it is more capable of sustaining our physical, emotional and psychological wellbeing * Written in an accessible manner that increases interest and understanding in what is a traditionally diffuse subject area * Illustrated with almost 100 black and white images

Human Trafficking provides a critical engagement with the key debates on human trade. It addresses the subject within the broader context of global crime and the internationalisation of crime control. The book takes a broadly discursive approach and draws on historical, comparative as well as the latest empirical material to illustrate and inform the discussion of the major trends in human trafficking. The book helps to develop fresh theoretical insights into globalisation, exclusion and governance, and identifies a new research agenda that will ensure the book is of interest to advanced level students as well as academic scholars.

Human Trafficking provides a critical engagement with the key debates on human trade. It addresses the subject within the broader context of global crime and the internationalisation of crime control. The book takes a broadly discursive approach and draws on historical, comparative as well as the latest empirical material to illustrate and inform the discussion of the major trends in human trafficking. The book helps to develop fresh theoretical insights into globalisation, exclusion and governance, and identifies a new research agenda that will ensure the book is of interest to advanced level students as well as academic scholars.

* This book is the first comprehensive history of architectural modelmaking in Britain, or indeed of anywhere in the world. * An authoritative scholarly study based on six years of extensive research that draws from over 40 interviews, the analysis of over 4000 photographs of architectural models, and more than 700 documentary sources, written in an accessible style making it suitable for a broad audience. * Illustrated with never-before-seen photographs of historic architectural models from the 20th century drawn from private archives, including over 100 images from the Thorp archive, which is the largest known collection of material relating to architectural modelmaking in the world containing over 30,000 photographs and historic documents.

For courses in Structural Technology and Statics and Strength of Materials. A market leader, Elementary Structures for Architects and Builders, Fifth Edition provides an introduction to building structures and materials, covering essential topics in statics and mechanics of materials, and an introduction to structural analysis and design. Topics include structural properties of area, stress and strain, properties of structural materials, shear and moment, flexural and shearing stresses, deflection and indeterminate beams, beam design and framing, elastic buckling of columns and trusses. Ideal for today's visually oriented student, it offers over 600 illustrations and full-page architectural sketches to clarify text concepts. A comprehensive set of appendices and numerous examples makes it an excellent resource for students and professionals preparing for the architectural registration examination.

This book contains 24 technical papers presented at the fourth edition of the Advances in Architectural Geometry conference, AAG 2014, held in London, England, September 2014. It offers engineers, mathematicians, designers, and contractors insight into the efficient design, analysis, and manufacture of complex shapes, which will help open up new horizons for architecture. The book examines geometric aspects involved in architectural design, ranging from initial conception to final fabrication. It focuses on four key topics: applied geometry, architecture, computational design, and also practice in the form of case studies. In addition, the book also features algorithms, proposed implementation, experimental results, and illustrations. Overall, the book presents both theoretical and practical work linked to new geometrical developments in architecture. It gathers the diverse components of the contemporary architectural tendencies that push the building envelope towards free form in order to respond to multiple current design challenges. With its introduction of novel computational algorithms and tools, this book will prove an ideal resource to both newcomers to the field as well as advanced practitioners.

CAAD Futures is a biennial conference that aims to promote the advancement of computer-aided architectural design research and teaching. The conferences are organised under the auspices of the CAAD Futures Foundation. The conference series started in 1985 in Delft and has since traveled to major cities in Europe, Asia, and USA.

This volume is the proceedings of the 12th International Conference of CAAD Futures, which took place in Sydney, Australia. The internationally refereed papers in this book present the state of the art in computer-aided architectural design research. The papers in this year's conference theme, Integrating Technologies for Computer-Aided Design, provide the technological foundation for new ways of thinking about using computers in designing and the use of computers in design itself as well as in the education of designers.

Information about the 2007 Conference and this book is available at: http: //www.arch.usyd.edu.au/kcdc/conferences/cf07

Packed with stunning images taken by photographer Alastair Thain, this is an indispensable visual guide illustrating and explaining contemporary fabrication processes and material transformation. Providing a documentary of the latest developments in fabrication techniques, this is the ideal reference for designers who wish to learn more about the materials and new technologies in material production available to them. Featuring the work of 20 fabricators based in the UK, the case studies displayed range from manufacture of complex wire rope, the processes of metal spinning, large-scale composite casting, to computer controlled sheet steel fabrication. With a full knowledge of how the materials are produced, backed up by examples of how these have been used in contemporary architectural design, this book provides readers with a greater ability to select material for their own designs and to better understand how materials fit' together. This is a book that provides both information on the latest technology and design inspiration in abundance.

The promises, dreams and hopes of architects for future cities are now inextricably linked to climate change. Architects, Sustainability and the Climate Emergency: A Political Ecology chronicles how architects have shaped their ideas of the city-and sustainability-as knowledge of the climate emergency has unfolded. Have architects responded to the climate crisis too slowly? Describing a political ecology of architecture, Peter Raisbeck draws on architectural history, theory and practice, and the climate imaginaries of architects themselves. This exploration indicates how architects have viewed the climate emergency and positions architecture alongside the politics of climate and development studies. Raisbeck questions to what degree the traditional agency of architects leads to a political authority isolated from nature, human-environment systems and the nonhuman ecological subjects rapidly approaching tipping points. The fluidity of the climate emergency itself and its unfolding relationship to architectural knowledge suggests that new approaches, agencies and subjectivities are urgently required. As architects struggle to respond to the climate emergency, this book is an important and timely contribution to sustainability, climate and development debates. Architects, Sustainability and the Climate Emergency: A Political Ecology is a necessary provocation of a critical topic.

Product longevity is one of the cornerstones in the transition towards a more sustainable society and a key driver for the circular economy model. This book provides designers, developers, and creators with five distinctive expert strategies, detailed case studies, action guides and worksheets that support both beginning and advanced design practitioners in creating new product concepts with long-lasting strategic fits. Designing for Longevity shows how expert design teams create original and long-lasting product concepts from the early development phase. It focuses on integrating business knowledge, market conditions, company capabilities, technical possibilities and user needs into product concepts to make better strategic decisions. It demonstrates how, for products to be durable, designers must create a long-lasting strategic fit for the customer, company, and market. Key case studies of products such as Bang & Olufsen's A9, LEGO Ninjago and Friends and Coloplasts' Sensura Mio, among others, offer readers inspiration, guidance and real-world insights from design teams showing how the strategies can be applied in practice. Action guidelines and worksheets encourage broad, analytical problem-solving to identify and think through challenges at the early concept stage. Beautifully designed and illustrated in full colour throughout, this book combines original research and the hands-on tools and strategies that design practitioners need to create useful, sustainable products.

This comprehensive guide to the planning and design of airport terminals and their facilities covers all types of airport terminal found around the world and highlights the environmental and technical issues that the designer has to address. Contemporary examples are critically reviewed through a series of case studies. This new edition covers the most recent examples of high quality, technically advanced designs from the Far East, Europe and North America.
This book will be a source of inspiration and guiding principles for those who design, commission or manage airport buildings.

Rural Scotland is a charged landscape, alive with history, soaked in myth and often rather sublime. For those of us living an urban existence, the countryside is a retreat for refuge and decompression, but it is also a place where infrastructures strain to reach and in which livings must be made. The countryside is resistant to easy explanation and is thus vulnerable to stereotyping. The nine building stories told in this book show how rural households and communities define themselves, and the role architecture plays in this. Illustrated with beautiful photography and drawings, the projects, from affordable housing on the islands to exquisite renovations of traditional agricultural stock, and all recognised by the Saltire Society's Housing Design Awards, are visually rich both in themselves and the contexts in which they sit. The houses are set firmly within historic, economic and social contexts and are much more than bolt holes from the urban. Some of our buildings are active participants in rural regeneration and others reflect, in a profound way, what authenticity really means in the countryside. Like architecture everywhere, they present a mirror to a society's preoccupations and values. However, this is a book too about architecture's capacity to inspire and endlessly delight.

Unique synthesis of architectural design and aerodynamic engineering Presents complex concepts of aerodynamic engineering in easy-to understand language and over 225 color illustrations Prepares the architect or architectural engineer to design buildings that are visually expressive of a dialogue between wind and built form Applicable reference book for both students and practitioners of architecture and architectural engineering

Energy Rating is a crucial consideration in modern building design, affirmed by the new EC Directive on the energy performance of buildings. Energy represents a high percentage of the running costs of a building, and has a significant impact on the comfort of the occupants. This book represents detailed information on energy rating of residential buildings, covering: * Theoretical and experimental energy rating techniques: reviewing the state of the art and offering guidance on the in situ identification of the UA and gA values of buildings. * New experimental protocols to evaluate energy performance: detailing a flexible new approach based on actual energy consumption. Data are collected using the Billed Energy Protocol (BEP) and Monitored Energy Protocol (MEP) * Energy Normalization techniques: describing established methods plus a new Climate Severity Index, which offers significant benefits to the user. Also included in this book are audit forms and a CD-ROM for applying the new rating methodology. The software, prepared in Excel, is easy to use, can be widely applied using both deterministic and experimental methods, and can be adapted to national peculiarities and energy policy criteria. Energy Performance of Residential Buildings offers full and clear treatment of the key issues and will be an invaluable source of information for energy experts, building engineers, architects, physicists, project managers and local authorities. The book stems from the EC-funded SAVE project entitled EUROCLASS. Participating institutes included: * University of Athens, Greece * Belgium Building Research Institute, Belgium * University of Seville, Spain * Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden

Advances in computer technology over recent years now mean building simulation can be used in the design process and even in the construction and daily operation of most buildings. The techniques are sophisticated and require a good deal of expertise, so relatively few designers, builders and practitioners understand the full potential of the field even though simulation can inform design decisions, enable performance analysis and diagnostic studies. This book should provide these readers with an overview of building simulation and its current advancements, and a grasp of current limitations and future directions.
To begin, the book introduces recent trends in building simulation and outlines its historic development. The book then takes the reader on a journey into three major areas of investigations: simulation with uncertainty, combined air and heat flow in whole buildings, in particular the applications of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to the built environment, and the introduction of new paradigms for the effective use of building simulation including issues of integration and potentially very significant ways for users to interact and to engage in immersed simulation.
Leading experts in the field both in the US and Europe have written the chapters. The book provides a graduate-level student textbook as well as a guide to advanced methods for architects, engineers and other construction professionals.

Advances in computer technology over recent years now mean building simulation can be used in the design process and even in the construction and daily operation of most buildings. The techniques are sophisticated and require a good deal of expertise, so relatively few designers, builders and practitioners understand the full potential of the field even though simulation can inform design decisions, enable performance analysis and diagnostic studies. This book should provide these readers with an overview of building simulation and its current advancements, and a grasp of current limitations and future directions.
To begin, the book introduces recent trends in building simulation and outlines its historic development. The book then takes the reader on a journey into three major areas of investigations: simulation with uncertainty, combined air and heat flow in whole buildings, in particular the applications of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to the built environment, and the introduction of new paradigms for the effective use of building simulation including issues of integration and potentially very significant ways for users to interact and to engage in immersed simulation.
Leading experts in the field both in the US and Europe have written the chapters. The book provides a graduate-level student textbook as well as a guide to advanced methods for architects, engineers and other construction professionals.

Contents:
1. Beyond Description: Space Historicity Singapore: Introductory Essay 2. Ghosts, Spectres and the other Presences 3. 'The Vertical Order has Come to an End': The Insignia of the Military C3I and Urbanism in Global Networks 4. Emergency and 'The Return to Normal' 5. As the Wind Blows and Dews Came Down: Ghost Stories and Collective Memory in Singapore. 6. Evangelical Economies and Abjected Spaces: Cultural Territorialisation in Singapore 7. At Home in the Worlds: Community and Consumption in Urban Singapore 8. The Economic Valuation of Land Space in Singapore and its Impact on the Development of Intangible Assets 9. Urbanism and Postmodernity 10. Inside/Outside Architecture 11. Urban Archives 12. Kampong Bugis Guide Plan: The Tale of Two Movements 13. Natural History and Myth: The Garden City of Singapore 14. Conclusion. Index.

Contents:
Abele, Julian Francis; Alexander, Archie Alphonse; Archer, Romulus Cornelius, Jr.; Bailey, Walter Thomas; Baily, William F.; Bankhead, Lester Oliver; Banks, Louis Harvey; Barnett, Carl Eugene; Bartholomew, Joseph Manual; Bates, Robert Charles; Bellinger, Louis Arnett Stewart; Berry, P. Ross; Bingham, Russell; Birch, Edward E.; Birch, Ernest O.; Blanche, John A.; Blodget, Joseph; Boles, Henry Clifford; Bow, Cyril; Bowman, Charles Summer; Boyde, Thomas Wilson, Jr.; Brent, Calvin Thomas Stowe; Brent, John Edmonson; Brookins, Sanford; Brooks, Elizabeth Carter; Brooks, Hestle Herbert; Brown, Albert Grant; Brown, Georgia Louise; Brown, Grafton Tyler; Brown, John Thomas; Brown, Leroy John Henry; Brown, Richard Lewis; Browne, Ray E.; Buffins, Robert Lester; Carlisle, Alma Fairfax Murray; Cassell, Albert Irvin; Claflin University; Coleman, Sherman; Cook, Julian Abele; Cook, Ralph V.; Cooke, William Wilson; Cross, Clarence; Decatur, William Jefferson; DeCosta, Herbert, Jr.; Delaney, Henry Beard; Dickinson, Charles Edgar; Drayton, Clyde Martin; Duke, Charles Summer; Dunn, Frederick; Dykes, DeWitt S., Sr.; Eberhardt, John Thomas; Edwards, Gaston Alonzo; Elliott, Curtis Graham; Farrar, Daniel J., Sr.; Ferguson, Arthur W.; Ferguson, George Alonzo; Fields, Robert Lionel; Fisher, Orpheus Hodge; Ford, Fleming; Ford, Wade; Foster, George Washington, Jr.; Fry, Louis Edwin, Sr.; Furman, Ethel Bailey; Giles, Lewis Wentworth, III; Giles, Lewis Wentworth, Jr.; Godette, William; Grandy, J.W.R.; Green, Beverly; Griffin, Francis Eugene; Hamilton, Calvin Pazavia; Hampton Institute; Hancock, Richard Mason; Harris, Clinton S.; Hatton, Isaiah Truman; Hazel, William Augustus; Henderson, Cornelius; Hill, Joseph; Hilliard, Leroy; Hoban, Stewart Daniel, Sr.; Holloway, John Bunyan; Howard University; Hurley, Granville Warner, Sr.; Hutchins, James Edward; Ifill, Percy C.; Jackson, Leon Qunicy; Jenkins, William Edward; Johnson, Conrad Adolphus, Jr.; Johnson, Harvey Nathaniel; Jones, George Maceo; Jones, William Thomas; Kent, Joseph; Kent, Robert; King, Horace; King, John; Lankford, Arthur Edward; Lankford, John Anderson; Lightner, Calvin Esau; Livas, Henry Lewis; Lucas, George; Mackey, Howard Hamilton, Sr.; Madison, Robert James, Sr.; McKissack, Calvin Lunsford; McKissack, Moses III; Melby, John Alexander; Meredith, Amaza Lee; Merrick, John; Michael, John Henry; Mickels, Elon; Miller, Edward Charles; Miller, Francis; Moore, John A.; Moses, William Henry, Jr.; National Technical Association; Negro Building - Alabama State Fair in Montgomery; Negro Building - Appalachian Exposition in Knoxville; Negro Building - Century of Progress World's Fair in Chicago; Negro Building - Cotton States Exposition in Atlanta; Negro Building - Jamestown Ter-centennial Exposition in Virginia; Negro Building - South Carolina Interstate Exposition in Charleston; Tennessee Centennial Exposition in Nashville; Texas Centennial Exposition in Dallas; Norman, John Clavon, Sr.; North Caroline A&T; O'Neal, Kenneth Roderick; Pelham, Fred B.; Persley, Louis Hudson; Pittman, William Sidney; Plater, J. Alonso; Plato, Samuel M.; Prairie View A&M; Price, Henry James; Pyrce, Edward Lyons; Ransom, Leon A.; Rayfield, Wallace A.; Reese, Lawrence; Reynolds, James; Reynolds, Thomas Mason; Roberson, Frank R.; Roberson, Franklin Jefferson; Roberts, Walter L.; Robinson, Hilyard Robert; Robinson, Robert L.; Robinson, William J.; Rosamond, John; Rousseve, Ferdinand Lucien; Russell, Charles Thaddeus; Sealey, Roy Anthony; Simon, John A.; Smith, George Washington; Smith, William W.; Southern University; Spears, Prince W.; Streat, William Afred, Jr.; Sulton, John David; Tandy, Vertner Woodson; Taylor, Robert Robinson; Taylor, Robert Rochon; Thonrton, William Ferguson; Tuskegee Institute; Vaughn, Ralph A.; Vaughn, Roscoe Ingersol; Walker, Josiah; Washington, Booker T., III; Washington, Robert Edward Lee; Welch, John Austin; West, David Benjamin; West, Frank G.; Wheat, Clarence Buchanan; White, Columbus Bob; White, Donald Frank; White, Richard C.; Whittaker, Miller Fulton; Wigington, Clarence Wesley; William, Edward Ross; Williams, Paul Revere; Williams, Robert Johnson; Williston, David Augustus; Wilson, James Walter; Wilson, John Louis; Winder, Earl Theodore; Woodson, Howard Dilworth; Young, Edward Walter Owen; Zenon, Golden Joseph, Sr.

This book reviews the impact of residential design on crime and considers the current, and historic, importance placed upon crime prevention within the planning system. Armitage provides a comprehensive review of policy and practice in planning crime prevention both nationally and internationally.Bridging the gap between design and criminology, Armitage uses opportunity theories to provide practical recommendations for the implementation of design. Enhanced by extensive visual examples, the book promotes a collaborative, long-term approach of designing out crime, conveying the positive impact of design upon the environment and crime prevention.This book will appeal to scholars in criminology, policing, urban studies and architecture as well as practitioners in the role of planning, developing and managing residential housing.