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Books > Professional & Technical > Biochemical engineering > Biotechnology > Biosensors
This monograph focuses on the design, implementation and characterization of a concurrent dual band RF sensor for non-invasive detection of human vital signs. Exclusive title on multiband short range sensors and their biomedical applications, offers detailed analysis of subsystems based on fabricated and measured prototypes and verifies and discusses the system in the real-time environment. Discusses the practical difficulties of the design process and offers case studies based on the design.
The goal of this book is to disseminate information on the worldwide status and trends in biosensing R and D to government decisionmakers and the research community. The contributors critically analyze and compare biosensing research in the United States with that being pursued in Japan, Europe and other major industrialized countries. Biosensing includes systems that incorporate a variety of means, including electrical, electronic, and photonic devices; biological materials (e.g., tissue, enzymes, nucleic acids, etc.); and chemical analysis to produce detectable signals for the monitoring or identification of biological phenomena. In a broader sense, the study of biosensing includes any approach to detection of biological elements and the associated software or computer identification technologies (e.g., imaging) that identify biological characteristics. Biosensing is finding a growing number of applications in a wide variety of areas, including biomedicine, food production and processing, and detection of bacteria, viruses, and biological toxins for biowarfare defense. Subtopics likely to be covered in this study include the following: Nucleic acid sensors and DNA chips and arrays, organism- and cell-based biosensors, bioelectronics and biometrics, biointerfaces and biomaterials; biocompatibility and biofouling, integrated, multi-modality sensors and sensor networks, system issues, including signal transduction, data interpretation, and validation, novel sensing algorithms, e.g., non-enzyme-based sensors for glucose, mechanical sensors for prosthetics, related issues in bio-MEMS and NEMS (microelectromechanical and nanoelectromechanical systems), possibly including actuators, applications in biomedicine, the environment, food industry, security and defense. Particular emphasis will be on technologies that may lead to portable or fieldable devices/instruments. Important consideration will be given to an integrated approach to detection, storage, analysis, validation, interpretation and presentation of results from the biosensing system. Focus will be on research from the following disciplines: BioMems and nano, optical spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, chemometrics, pattern recognition, telemetry, signal processing, and toxicology. Finally, beyond the above technical issues, the study will also address the following non-technical issues: Mechanisms for enhancing international and interdisciplinary cooperation in the field, opportunities for shortening the lead time for deployment of new biosensing technologies emerging from the laboratory, long range research, educational, and infrastructure issues that need addressed to promote better progress in the field, current government R and D funding levels overseas compared to the United States, to the extent data are available.
The traditional concept of biological sensors, based on enzymatic receptors and potentiometric or amperometric transducers has undergone several genera tions of development. Such types of biosensors have been extensively reviewed, described in many textbooks and commercialized. This book is focused on alternative types of chemical and biological sensors or sensor-like structures and approaches, exploring electrical or electrochemical signal detection. Spe cial attention is paid to applications of linear and nonlinear impedance. Some basic ideas in this field are very old - first described, for example, in the classi cal work by Warburg at the end of the 19th century. Later impedance spectrosco py became a popular approach for studying adsorption of organic molecules on polarizable metal electrodes. However, analytical applications of this approach have only been developed over the last decade, after the establishment of the technology of self-assembled monolayers. In that time, when many scientists were disappointed with attempts to use the Langmuir-Blodgett technique for manufacturing electrochemical devices, the self-assembled monolayers became a viable technology for immobilization of organic molecules on electrodes and for the formation of covalently stabilized receptor layers and even more sophis ticated organic nano- and microstructures. This resulted in the development of numerous analytical applications of impedometric methods which are the main topic of the present book. The book consists of four parts."
This special volume on "bioanalysis and biosensors for bioprocess monitoring" has a twofold target. Firstly, it is dedicated to the 75th birthday ofArmin Fiechter, who was a major driving force among the pioneers to the progress of biochemical engineering. Not only the aseptic connection technique with septa and needles still used until today was established by him, but also the development of the first sterilizable pH electrodes with W Ingold is also credited to him. He made in vivo bio analysis a topic of general interest, for instance by setting up the first chemostat in Switzerland. It was again Armin Fiechter who pushed the use of non invasive exhaust gas analysis in the late 1960s and promoted development and exploita tion of in situ sensors and on line analytical instruments in bioprocessing, among other means, by founding a spin off company. In his laudatio, Karl Schtigerl extends the list of his merits and achievements.
Shaped by Quantum Theory, Technology, and the Genomics Revolution The integration of photonics, electronics, biomaterials, and nanotechnology holds great promise for the future of medicine. This topic has recently experienced an explosive growth due to the noninvasive or minimally invasive nature and the cost-effectiveness of photonic modalities in medical diagnostics and therapy. The second edition of the Biomedical Photonics Handbook presents recent fundamental developments as well as important applications of biomedical photonics of interest to scientists, engineers, manufacturers, teachers, students, and clinical providers. The first volume, Fundamentals, Devices, and Techniques, focuses on the fundamentals of biophotonics, optical techniques, and devices. Represents the Collective Work of over 150 Scientists, Engineers, and Clinicians Designed to display the most recent advances in instrumentation and methods, as well as clinical applications in important areas of biomedical photonics to a broad audience, this three-volume handbook provides an inclusive forum that serves as an authoritative reference source for a broad audience involved in the research, teaching, learning, and practice of medical technologies. What's New in This Edition: A wide variety of photonic biochemical sensing technologies has already been developed for clinical monitoring of physiological parameters, such as blood pressure, blood chemistry, pH, temperature, and the presence of pathological organisms or biochemical species of clinical importance. Advanced photonic detection technologies integrating the latest knowledge of genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics allow sensing of early disease states, thus revolutionizing the medicine of the future. Nanobiotechnology has opened new possibilities for detection of biomarkers of
Discussing the role biosensors play in detecting and monitoring environmental substances, Biosensors and Environmental Health provides key facts that can be applied to other areas of health and disease and a "mini-dictionary" of key terms and summary points. It covers personal toxicity testing, soil and risk assessment, pesticide, insecticides, parasites, nitrate, endocrine disruptors, heavy metals, food contamination, whole cell bioreporters, bacterial biosensors, antibody-based biosensors, enzymatic, amperometric and electrochemical aspects, quorum sensing, DNA-biosensors, cantilever biosensors, bioluminescence and other methods and applications. The contributors are leading authorities and the book is essential reading for environmental scientists, toxicologists, medical doctors, health care professionals, pathologists, biologists, biochemists, chemists and physicists, general practitioners as well as those interested in disease and sciences in general.
Many advances have been made in the last decade in the understanding of the computational principles underlying olfactory system functioning. Neuromorphic Olfaction is a collaboration among European researchers who, through NEUROCHEM (Fp7-Grant Agreement Number 216916)-a challenging and innovative European-funded project-introduce novel computing paradigms and biomimetic artifacts for chemical sensing. The implications of these findings are relevant to a wide audience, including researchers in artifical olfaction, neuroscientists, physiologists, and scientists working with chemical sensors. Developing neuromorphic olfaction from conceptual points of view to practical applications, this cross-disciplinary book examines: The biological components of vertebrate and invertebrate chemical sensing systems The early coding pathways in the biological olfactory system, showing how nonspecific receptor populations may have significant advantages in encoding odor intensity as well as odor identity The redundancy and the massive convergence of the olfactory receptor neurons to the olfactory bulb A neuromorphic approach to artificial olfaction in robots Reactive and cognitive search strategies for olfactory robots The implementation of a computational model of the mammalian olfactory system The book's primary focus is on translating aspects of olfaction into computationally practical algorithms. These algorithms can help us understand the underlying behavior of the chemical senses in biological systems. They can also be translated into practical applications, such as robotic navigation and systems for uniquely detecting chemical species in a complex background.
An important guide that reviews the basics of magnetic biosensor modeling and simulation Magnetic Sensors for Biomedical Applications offers a comprehensive review of magnetic biosensor modelling and simulation. The authors--noted experts on the topic--explore the model's strengths and weaknesses and discuss the competencies of different modelling software, including homemade and commercial (for example Multi-physics modelling software). The section on sensor materials examines promising materials whose properties have been used for sensing action and predicts future smart-materials that have the potential for sensing application. Next, the authors present classifications of sensors that are divided into different sub-types. They describe their working and highlight important applications that reveal the benefits and drawbacks of relevant designs. The book also contains information on the most recent developments in the field of each sensor type. This important book: Provides an even treatment of the major foundations of magnetic biosensors Presents problem solution methods such as analytical and numerical Explains how solution methods complement each other, and offers information on their materials, design, computer aided modelling and simulation, optimization, and device fabrication Describes modeling work challenges and solutions Written for students in electrical and electronics engineering, physics, chemistry, biomedical engineering, and biology, Magnetic Sensors for Biomedical Applications offers a guide to the principles of biomagnetic sensors, recent developments, and reveals the impact of sensor modelling and simulation on magnetic sensors.
This monograph focuses on the design, implementation and characterization of a concurrent dual band RF sensor for non-invasive detection of human vital signs. Exclusive title on multiband short range sensors and their biomedical applications, offers detailed analysis of subsystems based on fabricated and measured prototypes and verifies and discusses the system in the real-time environment. Discusses the practical difficulties of the design process and offers case studies based on the design.
Presents a comprehensive description of the theory and practical implementation of Doppler radar-based physiological monitoring This book includes an overview of current physiological monitoring techniques and explains the fundamental technology used in remote non-contact monitoring methods. Basic radio wave propagation and radar principles are introduced along with the fundamentals of physiological motion and measurement. Specific design and implementation considerations for physiological monitoring radar systems are then discussed in detail. The authors address current research and commercial development of Doppler radar based physiological monitoring for healthcare and other applications. * Explains pros and cons of different Doppler radar architectures, including CW, FMCW, and pulsed Doppler radar * Discusses nonlinear demodulation methods, explaining dc offset, dc information, center tracking, and demodulation enabled by dc cancellation * Reviews advanced system architectures that address issues of dc offset, spectrum folding, motion interference, and range resolution * Covers Doppler radar physiological measurements demonstrated to date, from basic cardiopulmonary rate extractions to more involved volume assessments Doppler Radar Physiological Sensing serves as a fundamental reference for radar, biomedical, and microwave engineers as well as healthcare professionals interested in remote physiological monitoring methods. Olga Boric-Lubecke, PhD, is a Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, and an IEEE Fellow. She is widely recognized as a pioneer and leader in microwave radar technologies for non-contact cardiopulmonary monitoring, and in the design of integrated circuits for biomedical applications. Victor M. Lubecke, PhD, is a Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. He is an emeritus IEEE Distinguished Microwave Lecturer and has over 25 years of experience in research and development of devices and methods for radio-based remote sensing systems. Amy Droitcour, PhD, has spent ten years developing radar-based vital signs measurement technology through her dissertation research and leading product development as CTO of Kai Medical. She currently serves as Senior Vice President of R&D at Wave 80 Biosciences. Byung-Kwon-Park, PhD, is a senior research engineer at the Mechatronics R&D Center in Korea. Aditya Singh, PhD, is currently a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Hawaii Neuroscience and MRI research Program.
Ozone is a harmful gas to people's health even at low concentrations. Thus, it has attracted much interest to develop portable energy-saving high-resolution ozone sensors. In this book, the physical principle of photon stimulated ozone sensors based on indium oxide nanostructures has been investigated. Ozone sensors have been integrated with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and the sensor performance towards real applications has been tested. To examine the mechanisms of photon stimulation (photoreduction) and oxidation effects, electrical, surface analytical and structural characterisation of ozone sensing layers were performed and analysed. Moreover, optical fibre sensor has found applications in the biomedical research, industrial process control and environmental monitoring. This book provides a review of the optical fibre sensor, especially focused on the optical fibre sensor development and its application in gas detection. In addition, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a sensitive tool providing information on various physical and chemical properties of materials, as well as on interaction processes occurring in the bulk or at the surface of these materials. In this book, the use of impedimetric transducers based on interdigitated electrode arrays (IDEA) for chemical and bio-sensors development is reviewed. Different designs of IDEA devices are presented and the effect of the transducer geometry on resulting impedance spectra is discussed. The authors also examine the development of an amperometric biosensor for phenol detection. The variables that exert influence on the performance of the biosensor response, including enzyme immobilisation procedure, laccase amounts, pH and working potential were investigated as well. Furthermore, the feasibility of the biosensor response for various phenol compounds was also investigated. Recent advances in sensor technology, signal processing and pattern recognition algorithms have led to the development of chemical sensing instruments housing one or more non-specific gas sensors. This book also reviews the recent applications of non-specific gas sensor array technologies used for environmental monitoring of odours; including a brief history on odour measurement applications; the different types of sensors utilised in gas sensor array systems and a range of pattern recognition techniques, from simple statistical analyses to artificial neural networks, used for the purpose of odour identification and quantification is also discussed.
This book presents tools and techniques for the development of miniature biosensors and their applications. The initial chapters discuss the advancements in the development of the transduction techniques, including optical, electrochemical, and piezoelectric, which are used for miniaturized biosensors. The book also reviews several technologies, such as nanotechnology, nanobiotechnology, immune-technology, DNA-technology, micro-manufacturing technology, electronic-circuit technology to increase the miniaturization and sensitivity of the biosensor platform. Subsequently, the chapters illustrate the applications of miniaturized biosensing systems in point-of-care monitoring of treatment and disease progression, environmental monitoring, food control, drug discovery, forensics, and biomedical research. Towards the end, the book discusses the advanced applications of biosensors in water quality monitoring, especially on-line detection systems and on-site detection of pesticides, heavy metals and bacteria in water. This book is an invaluable source for scientists working in biochemical engineering, bioengineering, and biomedical engineering in academia and industry.
Chemical sensors and biosensors are among the fastest growing of analytical techniques. This text provides an up-to-the-minute overview of a wide range of sensing systems, discussing the elements of different transducers used in sensors and the selective elements that are employed. The style is relatively non-mathematical and informal in approach.
A thorough guide to the fundamental development of linear piezoelectricity for vibrations Vibrations of Linear Piezostructures is an introductory text that offers a concise examination of the general theory of vibrations of linear piezostructures. This important book brings together in one comprehensive volume the most current information on the theory for modeling and analysis of piezostructures. The authors explore the fundamental principles of piezostructures, review the relevant mathematics, continuum mechanics and elasticity, and continuum electrodynamics as they are applied to electromechanical piezostructures, and include the work that pertains to linear constitutive laws of piezoelectricity. The book addresses modeling of linear piezostructures via Newton's approach and Variational Methods. In addition, the authors explore the weak and strong forms of the equations of motion, Galerkin approximation methods for the weak form, Fourier or modal methods, and finite element methods. This important book: Covers the fundamental developments to vibrational theory for linear piezostructures Provides an introduction to continuum mechanics, elasticity, electrodynamics, variational calculus, and applied mathematics Offers in-depth coverage of Newton's formulation of the equations of motion of vibrations of piezo-structures Discusses the variational methods for generation of equations of motion of piezo-structures Written for students, professionals, and researchers in the field, Vibrations of Linear Piezostructures is an up-to-date volume to the fundamental development of linear piezoelectricity for vibrations from initial development to fully modeled systems using various methods.
This book arises from the NATO Advanced Study Institute "Technological Innovations in Detection and Sensing of CBRN Agents and Ecological Terrorism" held in Chisinau, Republic of Moldova in June 2010. It comprises a variety of invited contributions by highly experienced educators, scientists, and industrialists, and is structured to cover important aspects of the field that include developments in chemical-biological, and radiation sensing, synthesis and processing of sensors, and applications of sensors in detecting/monitoring contaminants introduced/dispersed inadvertently or intentionally in air, water, and food supplies. The book emphasizes nanomaterials and nanotechnology based sensing and also includes a section on sensing and detection technologies that can be applied to information security. Finally, it examines regional, national, and international policies and ethics related to nanomaterials and sensing. It will be of considerable interest and value to those already pursuing or considering careers in the field of nanostructured materials and nanotechnology based sensing, In general, it serves as a valuable source of information for those interested in how nanomaterials and nanotechnologies are advancing the field of sensing, detection, and remediation, policy makers, and commanders in the field.
Fluorescent chemosensors have been widely applied in many diverse fields such as biology, physiology, pharmacology, and environmental sciences. The interdisciplinary nature of chemosensor research has continued to grow over the last 25 years to meet the increasing needs of monitoring our environment and health. More recently, a large range of fluorescent chemosensors have been established for the detection of biologically and/or environmentally important species, and are increasingly being used to solve biological problems. The use of these molecules as imaging probes to diagnose and treat disease is gaining momentum with clear future applications. This book will bring together world-leading experts to describe the current state of play in the field and introduce the cutting-edge research and possible future directions into fluorescent chemosensors design. Chapters focus on the basic principles involved in the design of chemosensors for specific analytes, problems, and challenges in the field. Concentrating on advanced techniques and methods, the book will be of use for academics and researchers across a number of disciplines, with international appeal.
Label-free biosensors are devices that use biological or chemical receptors to detect analytes (molecules) in a sample. They give detailed information on the selectivity, affinity, and, in many cases, also the binding kinetics and thermodynamics of an interaction. Although they can be powerful tools in the hands of a skilled user, there is often a lack of knowledge of the best methods for using label-free assays to screen for biologically active molecules and accurately and precisely characterize molecular recognition events. This book reviews both established and newer label-free techniques and is intended to give both the expert user and the general reader interested in the technologies and applications behind label-free an insight into the field from expert opinion leaders and practitioners of the technologies. Most importantly, chapters contain worked examples from leaders in the field that take the reader through the basics of experimental design, setup, assay development, and data analysis.
Label-free biosensors are devices that use biological or chemical receptors to detect analytes (molecules) in a sample. They give detailed information on the selectivity, affinity, and, in many cases, also the binding kinetics and thermodynamics of an interaction. Although they can be powerful tools in the hands of a skilled user, there is often a lack of knowledge of the best methods for using label-free assays to screen for biologically active molecules and accurately and precisely characterize molecular recognition events. This book reviews both established and newer label-free techniques and is intended to give both the expert user and the general reader interested in the technologies and applications behind label-free an insight into the field from expert opinion leaders and practitioners of the technologies. Most importantly, chapters contain worked examples from leaders in the field that take the reader through the basics of experimental design, setup, assay development, and data analysis.
This book provides detailed reviews of a range of nanostructures used in the construction of biosensors as well as the applications of these biosensor nanotechnologies in the biological, chemical, and environmental monitoring fields Biological sensing is a fundamental tool for understanding living systems, but also finds practical application in medicine, drug discovery, process control, food safety, environmental monitoring, defense, and personal security. Moreover, a deeper understanding of the bio/electronic interface leads us towards new horizons in areas such as bionics, power generation, and computing. Advances in telecommunications, expert systems, and distributed diagnostics prompt us to question the current ways we deliver healthcare, while robust industrial sensors enable new paradigms in R&D and production. Despite these advances, there is a glaring absence of suitably robust and convenient sensors for body chemistries. This book examines some of the emerging technologies that are fueling scientific discovery and underpinning new products to enhance the length and quality of our lives. The 14 chapters written by leading experts cover such topics as: * ZnO and graphene microelectrode applications in biosensing * Assembly of polymers/metal nanoparticles * Gold nanoparticle-based electrochemical biosensors * Impedimetric DNA sensing employing nanomaterials * Graphene and carbon nanotube-based biosensors * Computational nanochemistry study of the BFPF green fluorescent protein chromophore * Biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles * Bioconjugated-nanoporous gold films in electrochemical biosensors * The combination of molecular imprinting and nanotechnology * Principles and properties of multiferroics and ceramics
With contributions from experts in the field, the "Handbook of Biosensors and Biochips" provides an essential reference, underpinning many of the applications used in medical diagnostics, environmental control and pharmaceutical and food industries. It presents an invaluable addition for those in both academia and industry.
Immunosensors are widely used and are particularly important for fast diagnosis of diseases in remote environments as well as point-of-care devices. In this book, expert scientists are covering a selection of high quality representative examples from the past five years explaining how this area has developed. It is a compilation of recent advances in several areas of immunosensors for multiple target analysis using laboratory based or point-of-care set-up, for example graphene-, ISFET- and nanostructure-based immunosensors, electrochemical magneto immunosensors and nanoimprinted immunosensors. Filling a gap in the literature, it showcases the multidisciplinary, innovative developments in this highly important area and provides pointers towards commercialisation. Delivering a single, comprehensive work, it appeals to graduate students and professional researchers across academia and industry.
An interdisciplinary approach to one of the hottest topics in nanotechnology and nanoscience Biosensing Using Nanomaterials introduces novel concepts in the area of bioanalysis based on nanomaterials, opening new opportunities for basic research and new tools for real bioanalytical applications. In fifteen chapters, readers are introduced to the most successful nanomaterials used so far in biosensing, including carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles, and nanochannels. Each chapter provides a theoretical overview of the topic, a discussion of the published data relating to the bioanalytical system, and a selected list of references for further investigation. The result is a book that provides a comprehensive forum of interest to scientists, engineers, researchers, manufacturers, teachers, and students. Biosensing Using Nanomaterials is an important resource for a broad audience involved in the research, teaching, learning, and practice of integrating nanomaterials into biosensing systems for clinical, environmental, and industrial applications.
Formally Plunkett's Biotech & Genetics Industry Almanac, this book is a complete reference guide to the business side of biotechnology, genetics, proteomics and related services. This new book contains complete profiles of the leading biotech companies; in-depth chapters on trends in genetics, technologies, statistics and finances; a handy glossary; and thorough indexes. For the first time, in one carefully researched volume, you'll get all of the data you need. Topics include: biotechnology funding and investments; activities in Singapore, China and India; FDA; gene therapies; personalized medicine; systems biology; clinical trials; stem cells; therapeutic cloning; nanotechnology; agricultural biotechnology (GM seeds); drug delivery systems; and ethical issues. The book includes complete profiles on 350 top Biotech & Genetics companies, our own unique list of companies that are the leaders in biotechnology. All of the corporate profile information is indexed and cross-indexed. Includes contact names, addresses, Internet addresses, fax numbers and toll-free numbers, plus growth and hiring plans, finances, research, marketing, technology, acquisitions and much more for each firm. You'll find a complete overview, industry analysis and market research report in one superb, value-priced package.
Early diagnosis of cancer and other non-oncological disorders gives a significant advantage for curing the disease and improving patient's life expectancy. Recent advances in biosensor-based techniques which are designed for specific biomarkers can be exploited for early diagnosis of diseases. Biosensor Based Advanced Cancer Diagnostics covers all available biosensor-based approaches and comprehensive technologies; along with their application in diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic management of various oncological disorders. Besides this, current challenges and future aspects of these diagnostic approaches have also been discussed. This book offers a view of recent advances and is also helpful for designing new biosensor-based technologies in the field of medical science, engineering and biomedical technology. Biosensor Based Advanced Cancer Diagnostics helps biomedical engineers, researchers, molecular biologists, oncologists and clinicians with the development of point of care devices for disease diagnostics and prognostics. It also provides information on developing user friendly, sensitive, stable, accurate, low cost and minimally invasive modalities which can be adopted from lab to clinics. This book covers in-depth knowledge of disease biomarkers that can be exploited for designing and development of a range of biosensors. The editors have summarized the potential cancer biomarkers and methodology for their detection, plus transferring the developed system to clinical application by miniaturization and required integration with microfluidic systems.
Formally Plunkett's Biotech & Genetics Industry Almanac, this book is a complete reference guide to the business side of biotechnology, genetics, proteomics and related services. This new book contains complete profiles of the leading biotech companies; in-depth chapters on trends in genetics, technologies, statistics and finances; a handy glossary; and thorough indexes. For the first time, in one carefully-researched volume, you'll get all of the data you need. Topics include: biotechnology funding and investments; activities in Singapore, China and India; FDA; gene therapies; personalized medicine; systems biology; clinical trials; stem cells; therapeutic cloning; nanotechnology; agricultural biotechnology (GM seeds); drug delivery systems; and ethical issues. The book includes complete profiles on 350 top Biotech & Genetics companies, our own unique list of companies that are the leaders in biotechnology. All of the corporate profile information is indexed and cross-indexed. Includes contact names, addresses, Internet addresses, fax numbers and toll-free numbers, plus growth and hiring plans, finances, research, marketing, technology, acquisitions and much more for each firm. You'll find a complete overview, industry analysis and market research report in one superb, value-priced package. |
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