Chemical, Gas, and Biosensors for the Internet of Things and Related Applications brings together the fields of sensors and analytical chemistry, devices and machines, and network and information technology. This thorough resource enables researchers to effectively collaborate to advance this rapidly expanding, interdisciplinary area of study. As innovative developments in the Internet of Things (IoT) continue to open new possibilities for quality of life improvement, sensor technology must keep pace, Drs. Mitsubayashi, Niwa and Ueno have brought together the top minds in their respective fields to provide the latest information on the numerous uses of this technology. Topics covered include life-assist systems, network monitoring with portable environmental sensors, wireless livestock health monitoring, point-of-care health monitoring, organic electronics and bio-batteries, and more.

Gain the basic knowledge you need to utilize modern technologies for biosensors—quickly and efficiently

Biosensors have become virtually indispensable components in the analytical scientist's toolkit. Increasingly, researchers are called upon to design and adapt them for customized applications. Yet, surprisingly, most young scientists graduate without having acquired an integrated working knowledge of the cross-disciplinary principles underlying biosensing strategies. This book was prepared to fill that critical educational gap.

Introduction to Bioanalytical Sensors presents to readers a broad view of scientific concepts and principles informing the design and use of biosensing devices and systems. While it offers an integrated presentation of foundational information from an array of related scientific disciplines, the emphasis throughout is on applications rather than theory. Only as much basic science is covered as is necessary for an analytical scientist to use or customize biosensing devices for fulfilling experimental objectives. Major topics covered include:

• Biosensors and bioanalytical challenges
• Designing for performance
• Developing bioselective layers
• Fundamentals of electroanalytical sensors
• Optically based energy transduction
• Thermal and acoustic-wave transduction

Introduction to Bioanalytical Sensors, written as a self-teaching guide, assumes that readers have only a bachelor's degree in chemistry or a related field utilizing analytical and physical chemistry, and biochemistry.

Fluorescent chemosensors have been widely applied in many diverse fields such as biology, physiology, pharmacology, and environmental sciences. The interdisciplinary nature of chemosensor research has continued to grow over the last 25 years to meet the increasing needs of monitoring our environment and health. More recently, a large range of fluorescent chemosensors have been established for the detection of biologically and/or environmentally important species, and are increasingly being used to solve biological problems. The use of these molecules as imaging probes to diagnose and treat disease is gaining momentum with clear future applications. This book will bring together world-leading experts to describe the current state of play in the field and introduce the cutting-edge research and possible future directions into fluorescent chemosensors design. Chapters focus on the basic principles involved in the design of chemosensors for specific analytes, problems, and challenges in the field. Concentrating on advanced techniques and methods, the book will be of use for academics and researchers across a number of disciplines, with international appeal.

Over the past 20 years, the field of biosensor research has had a significant impact in both laboratory research and the commercial sector. Over that period, biosensors have revolutionized the care and management of diabetes and have had important impacts in several other areas of clinical diagnostics. Europe, North America and Asia-Pacific have all seen the rise of small and medium sized companies seeking technical and application niches in the manufacture or use of biosensors. The current activity in both gene and protein 'biochips' can be seen as the latest set of tools that allow users who are not analytical science practitioners to make technically complex and reliable biological weapons and the need for their rapid and reliable detection will need to be met by devices that have many characteristics in common with biosensors.
This book provides a practical introduction to the many skills needed in the highly interdisciplinary field of biosensor technology. Edited by two internationally renowned experts in this field, it draws together contributions from active researchers in Europe, North America and Asia who describe how to implement techniques as diverse as protein engineering, optical and electrochemical instrumentation, single cell electrophysiology, screen printing and numerical modelling in the context of producing biosensors for both laboratory and commercial applications. As well as the many detailed protocols and experimental tips, the book also offers an overview of current research in this area as well as pointers to its further directions. The diversity of topics covered means that it will be suitable both for those already active in the area who wish to expandtheir repertoire of experimental tools and for those who are just starting out in biosensors research.

Biosensors and Bioelectronics presents the rapidly evolving methodologies that are relevant to biosensors and bioelectronics fabrication and characterization. The book provides a comprehensive understanding of biosensor functionality, and is an interdisciplinary reference that includes a range of interwoven contributing subjects, including electrochemistry, nanoparticles, and conducting polymers. Authored by a team of bioinstrumentation experts, this book serves as a blueprint for performing advanced fabrication and characterization of sensor systems-arming readers with an application-based reference that enriches the implementation of the most advanced technologies in the field.

"Biological Identification" provides a detailed review of, and potential future developments in, the technologies available to counter the threats to life and health posed by natural pathogens, toxins, and bioterrorism agents. Biological identification systems must be fast, accurate, reliable, and easy to use. It is also important to employ the most suitable technology in dealing with any particular threat. This book covers the fundamentals of these vital systems and lays out possible advances in the technology.

Part one covers the essentials of DNA and RNA sequencing for the identification of pathogens, including next generation sequencing (NGS), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods, isothermal amplification, and bead array technologies. Part two addresses a variety of approaches to making identification systems portable, tackling the special requirements of smaller, mobile systems in fluid movement, power usage, and sample preparation. Part three focuses on a range of optical methods and their advantages. Finally, part four describes a unique approach to sample preparation and a promising approach to identification using mass spectroscopy.

"Biological Identification" is a useful resource for academics and engineers involved in the microelectronics and sensors industry, and for companies, medical organizations and military bodies looking for biodetection solutions.
Covers DNA sequencing of pathogens, lab-on-chip, and portable systems for biodetection and analysisProvides an in-depth description of optical systems and explores sample preparation and mass spectrometry-based biological analysis

This book provides detailed reviews of a range of nanostructures used in the construction of biosensors as well as the applications of these biosensor nanotechnologies in the biological, chemical, and environmental monitoring fields Biological sensing is a fundamental tool for understanding living systems, but also finds practical application in medicine, drug discovery, process control, food safety, environmental monitoring, defense, and personal security. Moreover, a deeper understanding of the bio/electronic interface leads us towards new horizons in areas such as bionics, power generation, and computing. Advances in telecommunications, expert systems, and distributed diagnostics prompt us to question the current ways we deliver healthcare, while robust industrial sensors enable new paradigms in R&D and production. Despite these advances, there is a glaring absence of suitably robust and convenient sensors for body chemistries. This book examines some of the emerging technologies that are fueling scientific discovery and underpinning new products to enhance the length and quality of our lives. The 14 chapters written by leading experts cover such topics as: * ZnO and graphene microelectrode applications in biosensing * Assembly of polymers/metal nanoparticles * Gold nanoparticle-based electrochemical biosensors * Impedimetric DNA sensing employing nanomaterials * Graphene and carbon nanotube-based biosensors * Computational nanochemistry study of the BFPF green fluorescent protein chromophore * Biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles * Bioconjugated-nanoporous gold films in electrochemical biosensors * The combination of molecular imprinting and nanotechnology * Principles and properties of multiferroics and ceramics

Nanomaterials Design for Sensing Applications examines chemosensors, beginning with molecules that are able to respond to certain stimuli and then showing their assembly and incorporation into sensing materials. The mechanisms of their action for the detection of ions, specific molecules and biostructures, are also covered. A major theme is the affordability of sensors, with particular attention paid to inexpensive and reliable colorimetric sensors that can be read by the naked eye. The book also delves into the development of sensors that utilize existing RFID infrastructure and introduces a novel strategy for the development of self-healing sensing platforms. This book will help readers develop a better understanding of the types of materials used for sensing at the nano level, while also providing an insightful overview on recent advances in this important area.

With contributions from experts in the field, the "Handbook of Biosensors and Biochips" provides an essential reference, underpinning many of the applications used in medical diagnostics, environmental control and pharmaceutical and food industries. It presents an invaluable addition for those in both academia and industry.

Biomolecules and cells are critical components of biosensors and biomaterials, but in order to function in an artificial environment, they must be immobilized in a manner that does not affect their interaction with target analytes. Biosensors demonstrate that we can harness the incredible functions of living molecules and cells for our own purposes and are therefore at the forefront of technology. Moreover the applications of immobilized biomolecules and cells are expected to expand far beyond biosensor applications and indeed are already used for pharmaceutical production and testing. Biomaterials will become increasing common as they are being developed into toxic filters, artificial organs, and even silicon chips. This text includes a selection of methods for the immobilization of biomolecules and cells on a variety of surface with different geometries and chemistries so that they retain their function and guidelines on which method to use. Also included are the analytical techniques to measure the functionality of immobilized biomolecules. All the protocols have been tried and validated by the authors. This book is intended for researchers at all levels involved in developing b

An interdisciplinary approach to one of the hottest topics in nanotechnology and nanoscience

Biosensing Using Nanomaterials introduces novel concepts in the area of bioanalysis based on nanomaterials, opening new opportunities for basic research and new tools for real bioanalytical applications.

In fifteen chapters, readers are introduced to the most successful nanomaterials used so far in biosensing, including carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles, and nanochannels. Each chapter provides a theoretical overview of the topic, a discussion of the published data relating to the bioanalytical system, and a selected list of references for further investigation. The result is a book that provides a comprehensive forum of interest to scientists, engineers, researchers, manufacturers, teachers, and students.

Biosensing Using Nanomaterials is an important resource for a broad audience involved in the research, teaching, learning, and practice of integrating nanomaterials into biosensing systems for clinical, environmental, and industrial applications.

Formally Plunkett's Biotech & Genetics Industry Almanac, this book is a complete reference guide to the business side of biotechnology, genetics, proteomics and related services. This new book contains complete profiles of the leading biotech companies; in-depth chapters on trends in genetics, technologies, statistics and finances; a handy glossary; and thorough indexes. For the first time, in one carefully researched volume, you'll get all of the data you need. Topics include: biotechnology funding and investments; activities in Singapore, China and India; FDA; gene therapies; personalized medicine; systems biology; clinical trials; stem cells; therapeutic cloning; nanotechnology; agricultural biotechnology (GM seeds); drug delivery systems; and ethical issues. The book includes complete profiles on 350 top Biotech & Genetics companies, our own unique list of companies that are the leaders in biotechnology. All of the corporate profile information is indexed and cross-indexed. Includes contact names, addresses, Internet addresses, fax numbers and toll-free numbers, plus growth and hiring plans, finances, research, marketing, technology, acquisitions and much more for each firm. You'll find a complete overview, industry analysis and market research report in one superb, value-priced package.

Formally Plunkett's Biotech & Genetics Industry Almanac, this book is a complete reference guide to the business side of biotechnology, genetics, proteomics and related services. This new book contains complete profiles of the leading biotech companies; in-depth chapters on trends in genetics, technologies, statistics and finances; a handy glossary; and thorough indexes. For the first time, in one carefully-researched volume, you'll get all of the data you need. Topics include: biotechnology funding and investments; activities in Singapore, China and India; FDA; gene therapies; personalized medicine; systems biology; clinical trials; stem cells; therapeutic cloning; nanotechnology; agricultural biotechnology (GM seeds); drug delivery systems; and ethical issues. The book includes complete profiles on 350 top Biotech & Genetics companies, our own unique list of companies that are the leaders in biotechnology. All of the corporate profile information is indexed and cross-indexed. Includes contact names, addresses, Internet addresses, fax numbers and toll-free numbers, plus growth and hiring plans, finances, research, marketing, technology, acquisitions and much more for each firm. You'll find a complete overview, industry analysis and market research report in one superb, value-priced package.

Advances in Nanosensors for Biological and Environmental Analysis presents the current state-of-art in nanosensors for biological and environmental analysis, also covering commercial aspects. Broadly, the book provides detailed information on the emergence of different types of nanomaterials as transduction platforms used in the development of nanosensors. These include carbon nanotubes, graphene, 2-D transition metal dichalcogenides, conducting polymers and metal organic frameworks. Additional topics include sections on the way nanosensors have inspired new product development in various types of biological and environmental applications that are currently available and on the horizon.

Ozone is a harmful gas to people's health even at low concentrations. Thus, it has attracted much interest to develop portable energy-saving high-resolution ozone sensors. In this book, the physical principle of photon stimulated ozone sensors based on indium oxide nanostructures has been investigated. Ozone sensors have been integrated with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and the sensor performance towards real applications has been tested. To examine the mechanisms of photon stimulation (photoreduction) and oxidation effects, electrical, surface analytical and structural characterisation of ozone sensing layers were performed and analysed. Moreover, optical fibre sensor has found applications in the biomedical research, industrial process control and environmental monitoring. This book provides a review of the optical fibre sensor, especially focused on the optical fibre sensor development and its application in gas detection. In addition, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a sensitive tool providing information on various physical and chemical properties of materials, as well as on interaction processes occurring in the bulk or at the surface of these materials. In this book, the use of impedimetric transducers based on interdigitated electrode arrays (IDEA) for chemical and bio-sensors development is reviewed. Different designs of IDEA devices are presented and the effect of the transducer geometry on resulting impedance spectra is discussed. The authors also examine the development of an amperometric biosensor for phenol detection. The variables that exert influence on the performance of the biosensor response, including enzyme immobilisation procedure, laccase amounts, pH and working potential were investigated as well. Furthermore, the feasibility of the biosensor response for various phenol compounds was also investigated. Recent advances in sensor technology, signal processing and pattern recognition algorithms have led to the development of chemical sensing instruments housing one or more non-specific gas sensors. This book also reviews the recent applications of non-specific gas sensor array technologies used for environmental monitoring of odours; including a brief history on odour measurement applications; the different types of sensors utilised in gas sensor array systems and a range of pattern recognition techniques, from simple statistical analyses to artificial neural networks, used for the purpose of odour identification and quantification is also discussed.

Immunosensors are widely used and are particularly important for fast diagnosis of diseases in remote environments as well as point-of-care devices. In this book, expert scientists are covering a selection of high quality representative examples from the past five years explaining how this area has developed. It is a compilation of recent advances in several areas of immunosensors for multiple target analysis using laboratory based or point-of-care set-up, for example graphene-, ISFET- and nanostructure-based immunosensors, electrochemical magneto immunosensors and nanoimprinted immunosensors. Filling a gap in the literature, it showcases the multidisciplinary, innovative developments in this highly important area and provides pointers towards commercialisation. Delivering a single, comprehensive work, it appeals to graduate students and professional researchers across academia and industry.

Providing an updated summary of the application of different types of sensors for the analysis of food safety and quality, this book discusses the core principles, current research status, challenges and successful examples for each technology. In addition, the prospective and future trends for each topic are covered in each chapter. The editor and contributors are all experts in designing and constructing different types of sensors in food analysis, mainly focusing on the determination of food safety and quality. Sensors, as a new generation of detection technique, have many advantages and the application of sensors in food analysis will continue to grow in the next decades. However, until now, there has been no book providing the detailed characterization and summary of sensors in food safety and quality analysis that this book provides. It is vital reading for academic researchers and practising professionals in Food Science, Agricultural Engineering, Biological Systems Engineering, Food Safety, Food Quality and Food Analysis who are using sensors in their work.

Nucleic acids are the fundamental building blocks of life and are found in all living things. In recent years, their functions have been shown to extend beyond the Watson-Crick base pair recognition of complementary strands. Molecules (known as aptamers) consisting of 40-50 nucleotides have been isolated that are able to bind a broad range of molecules with high affinity and specificity. The molecules recognized by aptamers range from small organic molecules to proteins, cells and even intact viral particles. Catalytic DNA molecules called NAzymes (RNAzyme or DNAzyme) have also been shown to exist and, when combined with aptamers, are known as aptazymes. These biomolecules can be used to develop smart and innovative biosensors for environmental analysis. Monitoring of contaminants in the air, water and soil is a key component in understanding and managing risks to human health and ecosystems. This, in conjunction with the time and cost involved in traditional chemical analysis, means there is a growing need for simple, rapid, cost-effective and portable screening methods. Biosensors are compact devices which complement current field screening and monitoring methods. This book demonstrates the incredible opportunities that nucleic acids can offer to environmental analytical chemistry. The chapters: show how nucleic acids have a pivotal role in the development of smart biosensors for environmental monitoring; describe the development of biosensors based on aptamers and NAzymes for the detection of organic and inorganic pollutants; deal with the use of nucleic acid based biosensors for environmental toxicity screening, and detail the use of nanomaterials, as well as miniaturization and lab-on-a-chip technologies, for nucleic acid based biosensing systems.

This book starts with an overview and introduction on the trends in nanofabrication and nanoimprint technology, followed by a detailed discussion on the design, fabrication, and evaluation of nanoimprint biosensors. The proto-model systems and some application examples of this sensor are also included in the chapters. The book will appeal to anyone in the field of nanotechnology, especially nanofabrication, nanophotonics, and nanobiology, or biosensor research.

Since four decades, rapid detection and monitoring in clinical and food diagnostics and in environmental and biodefense have paved the way for the elaboration of electrochemical biosensors. Thanks to their adaptability, ease of use in relatively complex samples, and their portability, electrochemical biosensors now are one of the mainstays of analytical chemistry. In particular, electrochemistry has played a pivotal role in the development of transduction methods for biological processes and biosensors. In parallel, the explosion of activity in nanoscience and nanotechnology and their huge success have profoundly affected biosensor technology, opening new avenues of research for electrode materials and transduction. This book provides an overview of biosensors based on amperometry, conductimetry, potentiometry, square-wave voltammetry, impedance, and electrochemiluminescence and describes the use of ultramicroelectrodes for the real-time monitoring and understanding of exocytosis. Areas of particular interest are the use of silver and gold nanoparticles for signal amplification, photocurrent transduction, and aptamer design. Moreover, advanced insights in the innovative concept of self-powered biosensors derived from biofuel cells are also discussed.

In the 21st century, we are witnessing the integration of two dynamic disciplines - electronics and biology. As a result bioelectronics and biosensors have become of particular interest to engineers and researchers working in related biomedical areas. Written by recognized experts the field, this leading-edge resource is the first book to systematically introduce the concept, technology, and development of cell-based biosensors. Readers find details on the latest cell-based biosensor models and novel micro-structure biosensor techniques. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, this unique volume presents the latest innovative applications of cell-based biosensors in a variety of biomedical fields. The book also explores future trends of cell-based biosensors, including integrated chips, nanotechnology and microfluidics. Over 140 illustrations help clarify key topics throughout the book. Scientists, engineers, and manufacturers involved in the development, design, and application of biosensors and bioelectronics.

Electrochemical biosensors are portable devices that permit rapid analysis of substances. They are most useful in detection and monitoring of biological, chemical and toxic agents. Briefly, with the help of transducer, the generated electrical signals from the responses to change in the bioactive layers are used for the interpretation. Similarly, nanomaterials have number of features that make them ideally suited for sensor applications, such as, its high surface area, high reactivity, easy dispersability and rapid fabrication. This collected work composed of the expert knowledge of many specialists in the construction and use of electrochemical biosensors made of nanostructured materials. This includes nanomaterials such as dendrimers, polymers, nanoparticles, nanotubes, oxides, enzymes and their hybrids as catalyst for various sensors such as glucose sensors, DNA sensors, neurotransmitters sensors, etc. This collected work provides new methodological advancements related to and correlated with the measurement of interested species in biomedical samples. Many studies are also included to illustrate the range of application and importance of the electrochemical biosensors. This provides the unique opportunity for readers to choice a new methods and applications of new electrochemical biosensors.

A biosensor is an analytical device which converts a biological response into an electrical signal. It consists of 3 parts: the sensitive biological element, the transducer and the associated electronics or signal processors that are primarily responsible for the display of the results in a user-friendly way. The most widespread example of a commercial biosensor is the blood glucose biosensor. Recently, arrays of many different detector molecules have been applied in so-called electronic nose devices, where the pattern of response from the detectors is used to fingerprint a substance. There are also several applications of biosensors in food analysis. Optical sensors are used to detect pathogens and food toxins. Thus, the light system in these biosensors has been fluorescence, since this type of optical measurement can greatly amplify the signal. This book will present research on new materials, technologies as well as applications in the field of biosensors.

Many advances have been made in the last decade in the understanding of the computational principles underlying olfactory system functioning. Neuromorphic Olfaction is a collaboration among European researchers who, through NEUROCHEM (Fp7-Grant Agreement Number 216916)-a challenging and innovative European-funded project-introduce novel computing paradigms and biomimetic artifacts for chemical sensing. The implications of these findings are relevant to a wide audience, including researchers in artifical olfaction, neuroscientists, physiologists, and scientists working with chemical sensors. Developing neuromorphic olfaction from conceptual points of view to practical applications, this cross-disciplinary book examines: The biological components of vertebrate and invertebrate chemical sensing systems The early coding pathways in the biological olfactory system, showing how nonspecific receptor populations may have significant advantages in encoding odor intensity as well as odor identity The redundancy and the massive convergence of the olfactory receptor neurons to the olfactory bulb A neuromorphic approach to artificial olfaction in robots Reactive and cognitive search strategies for olfactory robots The implementation of a computational model of the mammalian olfactory system The book's primary focus is on translating aspects of olfaction into computationally practical algorithms. These algorithms can help us understand the underlying behavior of the chemical senses in biological systems. They can also be translated into practical applications, such as robotic navigation and systems for uniquely detecting chemical species in a complex background.

As the elderly population increases, the importance of creating sophisticated information support to humans with limited sensing performance has also grown. This book discusses human and artificial sensing in conjunction with human perception capabilities (auditory, taste, smell, vision, and touch). It also discusses the fusion of this sensing information to find answers to questions such as how we can increase our human "fuzzy" decision capability (perception). The book presents intelligent new technologies that can enhance the natural sensing, perception, and mobility abilities of humans, allowing them to have healthier, more productive, safer lives.