Recognised by the UN's Sustainable Development Goals as a measure to make cities inclusive, safe and resilient, conservation of natural and cultural heritage has become an increasingly important issue across the globe. The equity principle of sustainable development necessitates that citizens hold the right to participate in the cultural economy of a place, requiring that inhabitants and other stakeholders are consulted on processes of continuity or transformation. However, aspirations of cultural exchange do not translate in practice. Equity in Heritage Conservation takes the UNESCO World Heritage City of Ahmedabad, India, as the foundational investigation into the realities of cultural heritage conservation and management. It contextualises the question of heritage by citing places, projects and initiatives from other cities around the world to identify issues, processes and improvements. Through illustrated chapters it discusses the understanding of heritage in relation to the sustainable development of living historic cities, the viability of specific measures, ethics of engagement and recommendations for governance. This book will appeal to a range of scholars interested in cultural heritage conservation and management, sustainable development, urban and regional planning, and architecture.

When confronted with a fire protection problem, building management is often desperately short on information and know-how in this critical component of protection for their own facility. It is not that the material is hard to grasp, but that there is so much of it that makes the task seem so daunting. Touching on the many subfields of fire protection engineering, Fire Protection for Commercial Facilities deconstructs the issues of fire prevention and life safety into easily digested information. Written in a conversational tone that makes the concepts easy to understand, this book presents systems and practices that can increase a facility's ability to avoid fires, limit the development and spread of fires, and effectively control fires. It provides guidance for decision making regarding what can be effectively controlled in-house, and what should be contracted out to relieve the workload burden of the in-house staff. The information offered augments a broad range of expertise common to building or plant engineers, keeping them abreast of the divergent subfields of fire prevention. Every facility manager dreams of the day when absolutely nothing goes wrong, the week where no new unforeseen problems occur. A fire protection problem is just one of the many emergencies that might spoil this dream. Delineating current and time-tested fire protection practices, this book explores the wide array of fire protection engineering applications encountered during typical facility operations so that facilities managers can be well-versed, informed, and better able to handle fire-related incidents.

Reconstruction and Restoration of Architectural Heritage 2020 includes contributions on the protection, and restoration of architectural monuments and the reconstruction of major historical urban development sites, as well as various complex issues and aspects of engineering reconstruction of monuments and preservation of historical heritage. The contributions were presented at the eponymous conference (RRAH 2020, St Petersburg, Russia, 25-28 March 2020), and cover a wide range of topics: - Historical, architectural and urban planning research and restoration of monuments - Urban and regional planning - Engineering reconstruction, performance of repair and reconstruction works on monuments - Training of architects and restorers Reconstruction and Restoration of Architectural Heritage 2020 will be of interest to academics and professionals involved in the history and restoration of nature reserves, estates, cities and monuments.

Modern noise research and assessment techniques are commonly used in the workplace and our personal living environment. Occupational Noise and Workplace Acoustics presents new, innovative, advanced research and evaluation methods of parameters characterizing acoustic field and noise in the working environment, as well as acoustic properties of rooms and noise reduction measures. This includes acoustic field visualization methods, field imaging techniques, wireless sensor networks, and the Internet of Things (IoT); optimization methods using genetic algorithms; acoustic quality assessment methods for rooms; and methods for measuring ultrasonic noise in the frequency range of 10-40 kHz. This book is a valuable resource for individuals and students interested in the areas of acoustic and sound engineering as it provides: The latest techniques and methods in the field of noise reduction and improvement of acoustic comfort, Innovative and advanced acoustic field visualization techniques for those with an auditory impairment, Explains noise reduction through proper workplace design, Discusses use of wireless sensor networks and the IoT for monitoring noise, and Provides acoustic quality assessment methods. "The authors' intention to expound on advanced issues in a lucid and accessible way was rewarded with success. In the book, an expert will find a number of hints helpful in solving actual problems, whereas a layperson will be able to form a view on challenges facing contemporary technology. What should also be emphasized is the book's soundness in documenting these advanced theses and postulates with diligently conducted empirical research. Despite a wide thematic range, the book is written consistently and under no circumstances can be considered a collection of randomly selected problems. The content corresponds fully to the title. The authors are consistent in acquainting the reader with topical scientific issues concerning assessment of acoustic hazards and the methodology of combating them." -Professor Zbigniew Dabrowski, BEng, PhD, DSc, Warsaw University of Technology

This textbook covers fundamental and advanced concepts of computational fluid dynamics, a powerful and essential tool for fluid flow analysis. It discusses various governing equations used in the field, their derivations, and the physical and mathematical significance of partial differential equations and the boundary conditions. It covers fundamental concepts of finite difference and finite volume methods for diffusion, convection-diffusion problems both for cartesian and non-orthogonal grids. The solution of algebraic equations arising due to finite difference and finite volume discretization are highlighted using direct and iterative methods. Pedagogical features including solved problems and unsolved exercises are interspersed throughout the text for better understanding. The textbook is primarily written for senior undergraduate and graduate students in the field of mechanical engineering and aerospace engineering, for a course on computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer. The textbook will be accompanied by teaching resources including a solution manual for the instructors. Written clearly and with sufficient foundational background to strengthen fundamental knowledge of the topic. Offers a detailed discussion of both finite difference and finite volume methods. Discusses various higher-order bounded convective schemes, TVD discretisation schemes based on the flux limiter essential for a general purpose CFD computation. Discusses algorithms connected with pressure-linked equations for incompressible flow. Covers turbulence modelling like k- , k- , SST k- , Reynolds Stress Transport models. A separate chapter on best practice guidelines is included to help CFD practitioners.

Businesses, consumers, industry groups, and governments understand the importance of innovation for continued economic success and improvements in quality of life. However, innovation in the housing and residential construction industry remains a topic about which little is known while a small but growing literature is making positive progress. Building on the first book in the Housing Innovation collection, the purpose of this book is to share new research paradigms that focus on innovation and are, in and of themselves, innovative. The first chapters focus on a newly created diffusion of innovation model and its application to the industry while later chapters showcase several innovative techniques that shed new light on housing, residential construction, and policy-making. As the second book in the Housing Innovation collection, this book is designed to assist readers as they continue to peel back the complex layers of innovation in housing and residential construction.

There has been widespread dissatisfaction with accepted models for predicting the conditions that people will find thermally comfortable in buildings. These models require knowledge about clothing and activity, but can give little guidance on how to quantify them in any future situation. This has forced designers to make assumptions about people's future behaviour based on very little information and, as a result, encouraged static design indoor temperatures. This book is the second in a three volume set covering all aspects of Adaptive Thermal Comfort. The first part narrates the development of the adaptive approach to thermal comfort from its early beginnings in the 1960s. It discusses recent work in the field and suggests ways in which it can be developed and modelled. Such models can be used to set dynamic, interactive standards for thermal comfort which will help overcome the problems inherited from the past. The second part of the volume engages with the practical and theoretical problems encountered in field studies and in their statistical analysis, providing guidance towards their resolution, so that valid conclusions may be drawn from such studies.

The Construction Contracts Act 2013 introduces adjudication for the construction industry in Ireland for the first time. The essence of adjudication is in providing a means whereby disputes as to payment under a construction contract are resolved quickly and cheaply. The key feature distinguishing adjudication from other processes is that the money found due by the adjudicator must be paid pending the outcome of arbitration or litigation. Its primary function, therefore, is to ensure cash flow for contractors and sub-contractors. Leading construction lawyer Anthony Hussey's new book is the first to provide a section by section analysis of the Act itself, an analysis of the Code of Practice, and a discussion of the likely constitutional issues to which the legislation will give rise. This practical legal reference is aimed at all those involved in construction contract disputes, be they lawyers, architects, engineers, quantity surveyors, contractors and sub-contractors.

Understanding BIM presents the story of Building Information Modelling, an ever evolving and disruptive technology that has transformed the methodologies of the global construction industry. Written by the 2016 Prince Philip Gold Medal winner, Jonathan Ingram, it provides an in-depth understanding of BIM technologies, the business and organizational issues associated with its implementation, and the profound advantages its effective use can provide to a project team. Ingram, who pioneered the system heralding the BIM revolution, provides unrivalled access to case material and relevance to the current generation of BIM masters. With hundreds of colour images and illustrations showing the breadth and power of BIM, the book covers: The history of BIM What BIM is in technical and practical terms How it changes the day to day working environment Why we need BIM and what problems it can solve Where BIM is headed, particularly with regards to AI, AR, VR and voice recognition International case studies from a range of disciplines including: architecture, construction management, and retail Professionals and students in any field where the inter-disciplinary aspects of BIM are in operation will benefit from Ingram's insights. This book is an authoritative account of and reference on BIM for anyone wanting to understand its history, theory, application and potential future developments.

This guide to estimating uncertainties in the measurement, prediction and assessment of noise and vibration applies across environmental noise and vibration, occupational noise and vibration exposure, and building and architectural acoustics. The book collates information from the various Standards and from research, with explanation, examples and case studies. It enables estimation of uncertainty in the measurement and prediction of acoustic quantities, suitable for use in environmental impact and occupational exposure assessments. It is for acoustic consultants, mechanical and building service engineers, architect and building professionals and environmental health officers. Bob Peters worked for more than forty years in acoustics and noise control - teaching, research, consultancy. He was a principal acoustic consultant with Applied Acoustic Design, a senior research fellow at London South Bank University, and a tutor on Institute of Acoustics distance learning courses.

Brick and Block Masonry - From Historical to Sustainable Masonry contains the keynote and semi-keynote lectures and all accepted regular papers presented online during the 17th International Brick and Block Masonry Conference IB2MaC (Krakow, Poland, July 5-8, 2020). Masonry is one of the oldest structures, with more than 6,000 years of history. However, it is still one of the most popular and traditional building materials, showing new and more attractive features and uses. Modern masonry, based on new and modified traditional materials and solutions, offers a higher quality of life, energy savings and more sustainable development. Hence, masonry became a more environmentally friendly building structure. Brick and Block Masonry - From Historical to Sustainable Masonry focuses on historical, current and new ideas related to masonry development, and will provide a very good platform for sharing knowledge and experiences, and for learning about new materials and technologies related to masonry structures. The book will be a valuable compendium of knowledge for researchers, representatives of industry and building management, for curators and conservators of monuments, and for students.

The concept of preventive conservation has successfully introduced the knowledge that "prevention is better than cure" into the built heritage sector. The benefits of this approach are the cost-effectiveness, the improved protection of heritage values, the reduced risk for accumulating deterioration and additional damage, the prolongation of the physical service life of buildings and building parts and the empowerment of local communities in dealing with heritage. Increasingly, arguments rise against reactive treatment patterns, which result too often in postponed interventions and increasing costs for restoration. WTA-Nederland-Vlaanderen, the Raymond Lemaire International Centre for Conservation and the Civil Engineering Department of KU Leuven jointly organised an international conference on preventive conservation approaches - including climate and damage monitoring - and how to implement these monitoring tools within a systemic approach. The conference took place in context of the international WTA days, 3-5 April 2019, and the 10th anniversary of the UNESCO Chair on Preventive Conservation, Monitoring and Maintenance of Monuments and Sites (PRECOM(3)OS). The contributions meet the increasing demand for information, case studies and practical examples to support the transition towards more preventive rather than reactive conservation actions. The volume aims at academics and professionals involved or interested in the conservation of buildings, building parts and heritage.

Achieving Building Comfort by Natural Means explores examples of green building designs and methods that are currently being used around the world to achieve human comfort in buildings. The operation of buildings accounts for more than 40% of total energy use and is a major source of carbon emissions. It is imperative that this consumption be substantially decreased and that energy needed for building comfort is obtained from renewable and environmentally friendly sources. This book brings together a global group of contributors who look at factors such as location, climate, building materials, energy management, ventilation, thermal environmental conditions, shading, lighting, acoustics, and more that are critical for achieving buildings that are more sustainable. Thermal comfort and climatic potential of ventilative cooling in Italian climates is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

In the wake of an unparalleled housing crisis at the end of the Second World War, Glasgow Corporation rehoused the tens of thousands of private tenants who were living in overcrowded and unsanitary conditions in unimproved Victorian slums. Adopting the designs, the materials and the technologies of modernity they built into the sky, developing high-rise estates on vacant sites within the city and on its periphery. This book uniquely focuses on the people's experience of this modern approach to housing, drawing on oral histories and archival materials to reflect on the long-term narrative and significance of high-rise homes in the cityscape. It positions them as places of identity formation, intimacy and well-being. With discussions on interior design and consumption, gender roles, children, the elderly, privacy, isolation, social networks and nuisance, Glasgow examines the connections between architectural design, planning decisions and housing experience to offer some timely and prescient observations on the success and failure of this very modern housing solution at a moment when high flats are simultaneously denigrated in the social housing sector while being built afresh in the private sector. Glasgow is aimed at an academic readership, including postgraduate students, scholars and researchers. It will be of interest to social, cultural and urban historians particularly interested in the United Kingdom.

Transportation Tunnels, 2nd Edition provides a comprehensive text on tunneling and tunnel engineering applicable in general to all types of tunnels, with more detailed information on highway and railway tunnels. While the First Edition of the book was confined to deal with railway and highway tunnels, the Second Edition is also extensively considering the latest trends in use of tunnels in different other fields. The book has been revised to provide coverage of water conveyance, navigation and material conveyance tunnels also and deals with these subjects in more detail. It covers all aspects of investigation, design, construction, monitoring and maintenance of tunnels. Special emphasis has been laid on the geotechnical investigations, interpretation of findings and relating the same to the design as well as the construction of tunnels. The book reflects the advancements in the knowledge of ground behaviour and rock mechanics and also in construction technology, including use of TBM in the last two decades. It covers in sufficient detail the basic requirements of tunnel profile, the geometric parameters, clearance requirements, aerodynamics, and cost economics in fixing alignments with different design parameters like curvature, gradient and operational requirements. It discusses in detail alternative forms of the cross section / profile and illustrates design methodology with examples. The different methodologies that have been used in the past using timber or steel supports by stage wise expansion of cross sections and modern methodologies used for boring full profile using new tunneling methods and Tunnel Boring Machines are also comprehensively discussed. Requirements of tunnels in respect of ventilation, lighting and drainage are adequately covered. Separate chapters have been included on 'Instrumentation' and 'Tunnel Inspection and Maintenance'. The expanded text on the use and advantages of methodologies and equipment for dealing with various aspects of construction of tunnels is based on observations through site visits, discussions with, and experiences of people as recorded on large number of tunneling works which have been taken up recently for railways, highways and urban transport subway projects. The book can serve as a textbook for undergraduate and graduate students and as a reference book for practicing engineers.

Energy Modeling and Computations in the Building Envelope instills a deeper understanding of the energy interactions between buildings and the environment, based on the analysis of transfer processes operating in the building envelope components at the microscopic level. The author: Proposes a generalized physics model that describes these interactions at the microscopic level via the macroscopic characteristics of the building envelope Presents mathematical models that utilize classical analytical tools and can be used to perform quantitative predictions of the consequences of the energy interactions Reveals easy-to-apply engineering methods concerning the design and inspection of the building envelope, taking into account the effects of energy on the envelope Energy Modeling and Computations in the Building Envelope provides comprehensive coverage of this environmentally and economically important topic, from the physics of energy transfer to its numerical estimation. The book is especially useful to those looking to increase building energy efficiency, decrease the consumption of primary energy carriers, and raise the ecological sustainability of construction products.

This book serves as a guide for discovering pathways to more efficient energy use. The first part of the book illustrates basic laws of energy conversion and principles of thermodynamics. Laws of energy conservation and direction of energy conversion are formulated in detail, and the types of thermodynamic processes are explained. Also included is the characterization of various types of real energy conversion. The second part of the book discusses types of energy conversion referred to as thermal-energy technologies. The advantages of the co-generation processes and devices operating within the Brayton direct cycle and their adaptively to household energetics are underlined.

This book introduces the concept of Intelligent Buildings to the wider construction community. Edited by the Father of Intelligent Buildings, Derek Clements-Croome, the book explains that intelligent buildings should be sustainable, healthy, technologically aware, meet the needs of occupants and business, and should be flexible and adaptable to deal with change. This means the processes of planning, design, construction, commissioning and facilities management including post-occupancy evaluation are all important. Buildings comprise many systems devised by many people and yet the relationship between buildings and people can only work satisfactorily if there is an integrated team with a holistic vision.

The importance of facilities management to the effective operation of all businesses is now widely accepted. Where there continues to be debate is on what constitutes a successful approach, and how much attention it should be given within an overall business plan. Drawing on both research and current practice, this book provides a systematic, innovative, and business-focused approach to the management of facilities assets. The reader will discover why and how to use facility assets to achieve business goals and strategies by aligning them as a resource. Striking a balance between management and technical aspects, the book covers: the basics of facilities asset management and the key elements of a systematic management approach the key supporting capabilities for facilities management as a business function a framework for considering strategic alignment of facilities assets and associated services with business needs the role of life-cycle asset management and its contribution to business resource management. The message of this book and the benefits it can bring to businesses everywhere make it essential reading for executives as well as facilities managers. Its detailed explanations of all of the key concepts involved, and lists of recommended further reading also make it an excellent resource for those new to the industry, and for students of property or facilities management.

Fire safety regulations in many countries require Fire Risk Assessment to be carried out for buildings such as workplaces and houses in multiple occupation. This duty is imposed on a "Responsible Person" and also on any other persons having control of buildings in compliance with the requirements specified in the regulations. Although regulations only require a qualitative assessment of fire risk, a quantitative assessment is an essential first step for performing cost-benefit analysis of alternative fire strategies to comply with the regulations and selecting the most cost-effective strategy. To facilitate this assessment, various qualitative, semi-quantitative and quantitative techniques of fire risk assessment, already developed, are critically reviewed in this book and some improvements are suggested. This book is intended to be an expanded version of Part 7: Probabilistic risk assessment, 2003, a Published Document (PD) to British Standard BS 7974: 2001 on the Application of Fire Safety Engineering Principles to the Design of Buildings. Ganapathy Ramachandran and David Charters were co-authors of PD 7974 Part 7. Quantitative Risk Assessment in Fire Safety is essential reading for consultants, academics, fire safety engineers, fire officers, building control officers and students in fire safety engineering. It also provides useful tools for fire protection economists and risk management professionals, including those involved in fire insurance underwriting.

With extensive case studies for illustration, this is a practitioner's guide to an entirely new production system for construction management using flowline scheduling. Covering the entire process of presenting a comprehensive management system - from design, through measurement, scheduling, and visualization and control - its emphasis is on reducing cost and increasing quality. Drawing its components together into a management system, the authors not only include theory and explanations of how and why it works, but also examine and present a suite of methods for successful project implementation. Perfect as a how-to guide for researchers and advanced construction students to discover the simple application of the new techniques, and invaluable for acquiring the practical tools for planning and controlling projects.

The economic analysis of a building is a complex subject and traditionally it has focused on a single aspect of the structure or a single part of the construction process. Dr Tempelmans Plat is a leading proponent of a new methodology which focuses on the building as a stock of services to be supplied over a long lifespan. This method is more realistic since it takes into account the changes in use and the adaptation of the building over its life. This book will be the first to make this method comprehensible to a wide audience of postgraduate students and professionals in the field of construction economics.

Both the number and percentage of people living in urban areas is growing rapidly. Up to half of the world's population is expected to be living in a city by the end of the century and there are over 170 cities in the world with populations over a million. Cities have a huge impact on the local climate and require vast quantities of energy to keep them functioning. The urban environment in turn has a big impact on the performance and needs of buildings. The size, scale and mechanism of these interactions is poorly understood and strategies to mitigate them are rarely implemented. This is the first comprehensive book to address these questions. It arises out of a programme of work (POLISTUDIES) carried out for the Save programme of the European Commission. Chapters describe not only the main problems encountered such as the heat island and canyon effects, but also a range of design solutions that can be adopted both to improve the energy performance and indoor air quality of individual buildings and to look at aspects of urban design that can reduce these climatic effects. The book concludes with some examples of innovative urban bioclimatic buildings. The project was co-ordinated by Professor Mat Santamouris from the University of Athens who is also the editor of the book. Other contributions are from the University of Thessaloniki, Greece, ENTPE, Lyons, France and the University of Stuttgart, Germany.

'Lighting Engineering: Applied Calculations' describes the mathematical background to the calculation techniques used in lighting engineering and links them to the applications with which they are used. The fundamentals of flux and illuminance, colour, measurement and optical design are covered in detail. There are detailed discussions of specific applications, including interior lighting, road lighting, tunnel lighting, floodlighting and emergency lighting. The authors have used their years of experience to provide guidance for common mistakes and useful techniques including worked examples and case studies. The last decade has seen the universal application of personal computers to lighting engineering on a day-to-day basis. Many calculations that were previously impracticable are therefore now easily accessible to any engineer or designer who has access to an appropriate computer program. However, a grasp of the underlying calculation principles is still necessary in order to utilise these technologies to the full. Written by two of the leading authorities on this subject, 'Lighting Engineering' is essential reading for practising lighting engineers, designers and architects, and students in the field of lighting.

Designed for students and professional engineers, the fifth edition of this classic text deals with fundamental science and design principles of air conditioning engineering systems. W P Jones is an acknowledged expert in the field, and he uses his experience as a lecturer to present the material in a logical and accessible manner, always introducing new techniques with the use of worked examples.