Chemical admixtures are used in concrete mixtures to produce particular engineering properties such as rapid hardening, water-proofing or resistance to cold. Chemical Admixtures for Concrete surveys recent developments in admixture technology, explaining the mechanisms by which admixtures produce their effects, the various types of admixtures available, their selection and use. Because of the economies they can offer, admixtures are being used increasingly in civil engineering projects worldwide. The book pays particular attention to good practice and includes a detailed chapter on the international standards currently in force.

Practical production of ordinary and special, high performance concretes and their behaviour and properties when fresh are the main themes of this book. It derives from the International RILEM Conference held in Paisley, Scotland in June 1996, and represents the culmination of the work of two RILEM Technical Committees (145 WSM Workability of Special Mixes, and 150 ECM Efficiency of Concrete Mixers). Very significant advances have been made recently in the development of concrete with outstanding properties. Such advances in research must be matched by progress in the technology of concrete production. This book focuses on production methods and on workability and handling, two fundamental and closely linked stages of the concrete construction process. It has a strongly practical emphasis, with many contributions showing how to build effectively using the many high performance concretes which have progressed from research into construction in recent years. The main themes covered are: production mixers and mixing processes; production methods; sprayed and very dry precasting mixes; fibre reinforced concrete; flowing and superfluid mixes; rheology; test methods; mix design and models; special cements and concretes.

This book elaborates on different aspects of the decision making process concerning the management of climate risk in museums and historic houses. The goal of this publication is to assist collection managers and caretakers by providing information that will allow responsible decisions about the museum indoor climate to be made. The focus is not only on the outcome, but also on the equally important process that leads to that outcome. The different steps contribute significantly to the understanding of the needs of movable and immovable heritage. The decision making process to determine the requirements for the museum indoor climate includes nine steps: Step 1. The process to make a balanced decision starts by clarifying the decision context and evaluating what is important to the decision maker by developing clear objectives. In Step 2 the value of all heritage assets that are affected by the decision are evaluated and the significance of the building and the movable collection is made explicit. Step 3. The climate risks to the moveable collection are assessed. Step 4: Those parts of the building that are considered valuable and susceptible to certain climate conditions are identified. Step 5. The human comfort needs for visitors and staff are expressed. Step 6: To understand the indoor climate, the building physics are explored. Step 7. The climate specifications derived from step 3 to 5 are weighed and for each climate zone the optimal climate conditions are specified. Step 8: Within the value framework established in Step 1, the options to optimize the indoor climate are considered and selected. Step 9: All options to reduce the climate collection risks are evaluated by the objectives established in Step 1.

This book is the first one addressing quantum information from the viewpoint of group symmetry. Quantum systems have a group symmetrical structure. This structure enables to handle systematically quantum information processing. However, there is no other textbook focusing on group symmetry for quantum information although there exist many textbooks for group representation. After the mathematical preparation of quantum information, this book discusses quantum entanglement and its quantification by using group symmetry. Group symmetry drastically simplifies the calculation of several entanglement measures although their calculations are usually very difficult to handle. This book treats optimal information processes including quantum state estimation, quantum state cloning, estimation of group action and quantum channel etc. Usually it is very difficult to derive the optimal quantum information processes without asymptotic setting of these topics. However, group symmetry allows to derive these optimal solutions without assuming the asymptotic setting. Next, this book addresses the quantum error correcting code with the symmetric structure of Weyl-Heisenberg groups. This structure leads to understand the quantum error correcting code systematically. Finally, this book focuses on the quantum universal information protocols by using the group SU(d). This topic can be regarded as a quantum version of the Csiszar-Korner's universal coding theory with the type method. The required mathematical knowledge about group representation is summarized in the companion book, Group Representation for Quantum Theory.

The Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings, founded by artist and craftsman William Morris in 1877, sought to preserve the integrity of historic buildings by preventing unnecessary repairs and additions. William Morris's intention and that of the SPAB was that buildings of any period had a life that was best protected through the conservative repair of what was falling into ruin and the prevention of injury to buildings by safeguarding them as much as possible and practical. This practice became known as historic preservation. The extremes of the Gothic Revival motivated the founding of the SPAB: in the mid-nineteenth century, many historic buildings were restored to appear Gothic in style. Although some restoration had occurred in past centuries, it was in Morris's age that this practice became excessive. Early SPAB work involved speaking against restoration and providing alternate ideas to promote preservation. Due to the continued monitoring of preservation practices concerning historic buildings, along with the evolution of techniques and adaptations throughout the years, the SPAB is now the oldest and largest conservation society in Britain. The SPAB so influenced late nineteenth century perspectives of historic preservation that it motivated the foundation of similar societies in Britain, in Europe, and around the world. This dissertation, based on many original documents from the SPAR archives in London, emphasizes the founding and development of the SPAB in the late nineteenth century. The SPAB is best understood by appreciating Morris's ideology and motivation, the popularity of the Gothic Revival and the preservation issues that evolved from it, and the SPAB'seffectiveness in Britain through specific case studies. Then these issues are followed onto the continent, specifically in Germany and France, to examine the SPAB's influence there. Finally, the SPAB's twentieth century success is considered by looking at its current programs and cases.

This book presents selected papers from the 11th International Symposium on Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (ISHVAC 2019), with a focus on HVAC techniques for improving indoor environment quality and the energy efficiency of heating and cooling systems. Presenting inspiration for implementing more efficient and safer HVAC systems, the book is a valuable resource for academic researchers, engineers in industry, and government regulators.

Bringing together the leading European expertise in behaviour and design of silos, this important new book is an essential reference source for all concerned with current problems and developments in silo technology. Silos are used in an enormous range of industries and the handling characteristics of many industrial materials require different approaches for successful, economical installations. For the first time, the many approaches taken by specialists in different fields are brought together in a unified way so that common problems can be addressed. This book is the result of a four-year European project - Concerted Action - Silos - funded under the Brite Euram programme which has involved over 100 expert engineers and researchers from all over Europe, in seven working groups.

The process of spraying concrete is one of the most versatile concrete placing techniques, and is used in a wide range of applications - from construction of new tunnels, domes, tanks and pools, to repair and strengthening of existing structure. The steady growth in interest and application in the technique is reflected in this book, which brings together current international developments in materials, application, repair, specifications and testing. Sprayed Concrete Technology forms the proceedings of the International Conference organised by the American Concrete Institute and the Sprayed Concrete Association in Edinburgh, Scotland, September 1996.

This book forms the Proceedings of an International RILEM Symposium, the fourth in the series, on Testing of Bituminous Mixes in Budapest, Hungary, October 1990. The aim of the Symposium is to promote tests for the characterization, design and quality control of bituminous mixes which combine the best features of traditional and modern approaches. Among the topics covered are specimen preparation, tests with unique loading (Marshall test, uniaxial tension and creep tests etc), which are used for mix design or control of mechanical properties, and tests with repeated loading, which give information on fatigue, permanent deformation and moduli, especially for mix design.

This general treatise on precast concrete reflects Maurice Levitt's extensive experience in the construction industry and as a researcher and consultant. It gives detailed coverage of the subject from the material's properties through its manufacture and quality control, and on to specialist topics such as accelerated curing and use in hot and cold climates. It then looks at the properties of precast concrete and its performance in situ before covering standards and testing and then the issues of finishing, repair and jointing. A wide range of professionals in both the civil engineering and general construction sectors should find this an invaluable reference for its guidance on the range of practical questions they can expect to encounter. It will also be useful for students at graduate level.

Advanced cementitious composites can be designed to have outstanding combinations of strength (five to ten times that of conventional concrete) and energy absorption capacity (up to 1000 times that of plain concrete). This second edition brings together in one volume the latest research developments in this rapidly expanding area. The book is split into two parts. The first part is concerned with the mechanics of fibre reinforced brittle matrices and the implications for cementitious systems. In the second part the authors describe the various types of fibre-cement composites, discussing production processes, mechanical and physical properties, durability and applications. Two new chapters have been added, covering fibre specification and structural applications. Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Composites will be of great interest to practitioners involved in modern concrete technology and will also be of use to academics, researchers and graduate students.

Geometry of Construction has long been acknowledged as the most concise and instructive guide to the technical geometry of the construction industry, and a vital resource for students in architecture, carpentry, stonemasonry and engineering. Beginning with the very basics of technical drawing, it provides a series of increasingly complex exercises to clearly explain all that the reader needs to know about geometry. Each topic is covered with a detailed diagram and carefully written instructions, enabling the student to progress from basics such as the circle and construction of scales, to some of the most complex challenges including the entasis of a column, an ionic volute, the hemispherical dome and the setting out of barrel vaulting. The authors, T. B. Nichols and N. P. Keep, both worked extensively in the construction industry before moving into teaching, so they were ideally suited to produce this highly practical guide. First published in 1947, a revised edition, incorporating numerous suggestions from students and lecturers on Raking Sections, the Projection of Points, of Lines, and of Planes, the True Lengths of Lines, the Oblique Plane and on Roof Surfaces, was produced in 1954. Last published in 1966, it has been unobtainable since then. It remains one of the most useful books for any student in the construction industry.

Fresh concrete must be produced with the properties required for its intended applications, for example, it must be workable enough to flow into formwork, and to be compacted. This book deals with the measurement of the flow properties of fresh concrete and the factors which affect its workability. Aspects of concrete mixes and control of manufacture to produce optimum properties which relate to workability are covered.

This book forms the proceedings of a workshop held in Hiroshima in June 1998 and derive from the work of a Technical Committee of the Japan Concrete Institute. Topics include test and prediction methods, the science of autogenous shrinkage, strain and stress, and consequent design concerns.

This book provides a thorough review of the properties and use of the principal chemical admixtures for use in concrete. Concise and clearly presented, the book includes extensive references to key sources of information. The presentation of each admixture is in a standard format, which helps the reader to find relevant information easily.

"A very interesting and useful book for all the different practitioners in the concrete industry. Each necessary step is thoroughly dealt with and explained in a nice and pedagogic way."-Peter Billberg, Swedish Cement and Concrete Research Institute (CBI) "Quite comprehensive and with a narrative style at the practitioner level."-Lloyd Keller, Director of R&D and Quality Assurance, EllisDon, Canada Self-consolidating concrete (SCC) is an innovative material used successfully throughout the world. It is a highly flowable, non-segregating concrete that can spread into place, fill the formwork, and encapsulate the reinforcement without any mechanical consolidation, improving the overall efficiency of a concrete construction project. SCC mixtures are highly fluid, yet their flowing properties can be adapted for a range of applications and allow practitioners to select and determine levels of filling ability, passing ability, and stability. Self-Consolidating Concrete: Applying What We Know discusses all aspects of SCC, including: Benefits and limitations Raw material components Mixture proportions Production and quality control Placement and curing Presenting a basis for consistently producing and applying SCC in a regular production environment, this book is written from the perspective of the concrete practitioner. It uses descriptions and case studies throughout, as examples of specific types of applications, to identify where the practitioner needs to focus attention. This book bridges the gap between research and practice. It links science with practical application, describing a number of projects and types of applications where SCC has been used successfully. It will be useful for new practitioners as well as for those already using SCC.

Sulfate Attack on Concrete provides a comprehensive reference to this important subject. It covers: a short history of concrete deterioration due to sulfate attack, the origin of sulfates in concrete, the importance of appropriate concrete processing, forms and physical-chemical mechanisms of concrete deterioration due to sulfates, preventative measures, standardisation and numerous case histories. This book is an essential reference for industry practitioners involved in concrete science and engineering, and also for academics and researchers of materials science and concrete technology.

Testing of materials and manufactured items is a key element in the process from standard specifications though control and verification during manufacture to trade in actual products. Cooperative agreements and networks are being set up covering reference materials and calibration. This process is becoming more urgent with the development in the European market and other international developments. This book presents international views on this fast changing field, with the main themes of: technical components of test quality; quality assurance in testing laboratories; laboratory accreditation and transnational recognition of test results.

Concrete technology for a sustainable development in the 21st century focuses on the problems and challenges for the concrete industry today and in the future with particular emphasis on environmental consiousness. Primary topics include: the improvement of concretes service life to ease technical and economical problems and the waste of natural resources; environmentally friendly concrete production including new production methods and recycling materials; and actually using concrete to solve environmental problems, for example through the containment of hazardous waste. The book is the result of the international workshop held in Lofoton, Norway. With very select contributions from the most distinguished international professional experts, this book provides a basic framework and guidelines for national and international bodies.

Compares currently used methods in determining concrete toughness and presents recommended test procedures with theories and models for describing cracking and fracturing phenomena. Effects of loading rate, temperature and humidity are also examined. Well referenced and illustrated, this book is filled with practical technical information for materials and structural engineers.

Andrew Furness and Martin Muckett give an introduction to all areas of fire safety management, including the legal framework, causes and prevention of fire and explosions, fire protection measures, fire risk assessment, and fire investigation. Fire safety is not treated as an isolated area but linked into an effective health and safety management system.
"Introduction to Fire Safety Management" has been developed for the NEBOSH Certificate in Fire Safety and Risk Management and is also suitable for other NVQ level 3 and 4 fire safety courses. The text is highly illustrated in full colour, easy to read and supported by checklists, report forms and record sheets. This practical approach makes the book a valuable reference for health and safety professionals, fire officers, facility managers, safety reps, managers, supervisors and HR personnel in companies, as well as fire safety engineers, architects, construction managers and emergency fire services personnel.
Andrew Furness CFIOSH, GIFireE, Dip2OSH, MIIRSM, MRSH, is Managing Director of Salvus Consulting Limited who specialise in Fire Safety. He was the chairman of the NEBOSH / IOSH working party that developed the NEBOSH Fire Safety and Risk Management certificate.
Martin Muckett MA, MBA, CMIOSH, MIFireE, Dip2OSH, former Principal Health and Safety Advisor to The Fire Service Inspectorate and Principal Fire Safety Officer, Martin is currently Salvus Consulting Limited's Senior Fire Safety Trainer / Consultant.
* Fully covers the syllabus for the NEBOSH Certificate in Fire Safety and Risk Management
* Student-friendly presentation in full colour packed with illustrations and photographs
* Includes a summary oflegislation relevant to fire safety, ideal as a reference for students as well as practitioners

Restraint and intrinsic stresses in concrete at early ages are vitally important for concrete structures which must remain free of water-permeable cracks, such as water-retaining structures, tunnel linings, locks and dams. The development of hydration heat, stiffness and strength, also the degree of restraint and, especially for high-strength concrete, non-thermal effects, are decisive for sensitivity to cracking. Determining thses stresses in the laboratory and in construction components has led to a clearer understanding of how they develop and how to optimize mix design, temperature and curing conditions. New testing equipment has enabled the effects of all the important parameters to be qualified and more reliable models for predictiong restraint stresses to be developed. Thermal Cracking in Conrete at Early Ages contains 56 contributions by leading international specialists presented at the RILEM Symposium held in October 1994 at the Technical University of Munich. It will be valuable for construction and site engineers, concrete technologists and scientists.

Poor durability of concrete is a continuing concern to owners of structures and their professional advisors. Advances in methods of assessing and predicting durability are being made in many areas, and this book provides a state of art review of the current situation. Contributions from leading researchers and consultants make it a valuable guide for all those responsible for concrete buildings and structures.

The report of a comprehensive investigation by RILEM which examines all aspects of the cleaning of facades, subject to soiling by both biological and non-biological agencies. The contributors are international authorities working in this field giving essential advice to all those who need to know how to approach the problems connected with the soiling and cleaning of building facades.

Design and Construction of Concrete Floors outlines the key principles needed for the production of a good floor which can be relied on to not only support and restrain other parts of the building, but also to meet the needs of the user. The book covers: * Uses of concrete floors * Structural design * Concrete used specifically for floors * Cracks and joints * Floor surface properties This book is ideal for structural engineers and others in the building and design industry that want to use a balanced approach and look beyond structural strength in the design of a good floor. The book draws on both European and American experience, citing both British and US standards - all of which have been amended and updated since the last edition.