Written by the current professor of Commercial Law at Makerere University, this book provides the first comprehensive discussion on company law in Uganda. He considers the nature and implications of incorperations, formation and company promotion, Memorandum and Articles of Association and their significance. It discusses corporate finance through the allotment of shares and analyses debentures and borrowing by the company. It also examines the role of corperate directors and other officials and their capacity to bind the company. In addition the book considers corperate official responsibility in the context of the accounting audit, duties of directors and their enforcement. It concludes with a discussion of meetings and proceedings, reconstruction and amalgamation, and winding up of the registered company.

"Regulatory Encounters" reports on a path-breaking study of how government regulation of business in the United States differs in practice from regulation in other economically advanced democracies.
In each of ten in-depth case studies, the contributors to this volume compare a particular multinational corporation's experience with parallel regulatory regimes in the United States and in Japan, Canada, Great Britain, Germany, The Netherlands, and the European Union, noting precisely which regulatory precautions were actually implemented in each country. The regulatory systems analyzed include aspects of environmental protection, product safety, debt collection, employees' rights, and patent protection. The studies in "Regulatory Encounters "indicate that the adversarial and legalistic character of American regulation imposes higher costs and delays on economic activity than comparable regulatory regimes in other economically advanced democracies, and often does not generate higher levels of protection for the public.

Every day the economic importance of national boundaries diminishes. The globalisation of world markets is proceeding with ever-increasing speed, stimulated by developments like the introduction of the single European currency, and even the smallest transactions frequently now include a cross-border element. Business executives and their advisers participating in a transaction need a clear and concise framework of understanding, which will enable them to identify the critical issues likely to affect the course of the deal and to formulate the questions on which detailed advice will be needed. This text provides a one-stop guide to the practical issues involved for this jurisdiction. The following key topics are addressed: cultural aspects; regulatory framework; common financing methods; antitrust/competition aspects; taxation aspects; employment considerations; procedural formalities; accounting treatment of acquisitions and mergers; future developments. Professional advisers involved in merger and acquisition activity in Switzerland, including bankers, independent lawyers or in-house counsel, tax consultants, accountants, public relations advisers, and actuaries, will find this book a useful and reliable source of practical reference and information. This volume originally appeared as a country report in the loose-leaf work "Corporate Acquisitions and Mergers" edited by Peter Begg.

This work provides a critical commentary on the OECD Report on Partnerships, which was published in 1999. This report is the first comprehensive analysis of the tax treatment of partnerships and potentially, the subject of extensive discussion among tax practitioners and academics in the years to come. The OECD Committee has put forward a set of general principles based on a detailed analysis of practical examples. This book summarizes these principles and examines the validity of the premises from which the principles were derived. The critical analysis and in-depth study of practical problems offered here should be of significant value to practitioners and researchers dealing with this complex subject matter.

With a boom in merger and acquisition (M&A) activity and the increasing globalization of business, more and more M&A transactions are taking place across borders. According to the Securities Data Company, in 1998 more than US $672 billion in cross-border deals were announced, one in every four dollars of worldwide mergers and acquisitions, up dramatically from $393 billion in 1997 and $274 billion in 1996. This book aims to highlight the ways in which international mergers and acquisitions are very different from their domestic equivalent, to identify the common pitfalls and to provide a practical guide to negotiating successful international M and A. The key issues addressed include reconciling the tax and accounting systems and divergent merger legislation of different jurisdictions, resolving differences in corporate culture and governance, dealing with cross-border communications issues and confronting some of the basic logistical difficulties of an international transaction. In bringing together the contributions of expert investment bankers, corporate executives, lawyers, consultants, accountants and regulators with extensive experience in international M and A, the book provides an introduction to the challenges of cross-border deals.

Laws prohibiting unilateral anticompetitive conduct have been the subject of vigorous international debate for decades, as policymakers, antitrust scholars and agencies continue to disagree over how best to regulate the market conduct of a single firm with substantial market power. Katharine Kemp describes the controversy over Australia's misuse of market power laws in recent years, which mirrored the international debate in this sphere, and culminated in the fundamental reform of the misuse of market power prohibition under the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth) in 2017. Misuse of Market Power: Rationale and Reform explains Australia's new misuse of market power law, which adopts an 'effects-based test' for unilateral conduct, and makes a comparative analysis between Australian tests for unilateral anticompetitive conduct and tests from the US and the EU. This text also illuminates the frequently mentioned, but little understood, concept of 'purpose' and its role in framing unilateral conduct standards.

This guide to the merger control rules and procedures at both national and EU levels identifies whether a transaction will come under the UK or the EU system, who needs to be notified, when and how notifications need to be filed, and the various stages of the process. Account is taken of the legislative and interpretive measures introduced by the European Commission in December 1994 on the application of the EC Merger Regulation; as well as the UK statutory instruments enacted in March 1996 to amend merger control and competition rules, and recent developments involving mergers in the privatized utilities. Also included are the texts of the relevant UK and EU legislation.

In 1992, an underground explosion at the Westray Mine in Plymouth,
Nova Scotia, killed twenty-six miners. Although the owners of the mine
were charged criminally, no one was convicted, largely because it was
deemed too difficult to determine legal responsibility.
More than a decade after the Westray disaster, the federal
government introduced revisions to the "Criminal Code" aimed at
strengthening corporate criminal liability. Bill C-45, dubbed the
Westray bill, requires employers to ensure a safe workplace and
attributes criminal liability to organizations for seriously injuring
or killing workers and/or the public. Yet, while the federal government
declared the Westray bill an important step, the law has thus far
failed to produce a crackdown on corporate crime.
In "Still Dying for a Living, " Steven Bittle turns a critical
eye on Canada's corporate criminal liability law. Drawing
theoretical inspiration from Foucauldian and neo-Marxist literatures
and interweaving in-depth interviews and parliamentary transcripts,
Bittle reveals how legal, economic, and cultural discourses surrounding
the Westray bill downplayed the seriousness of workplace injury and
death, effectively characterizing these crimes as regrettable but
largely unavoidable accidents. As long as the primary causes of
workplace injury and death are not properly scrutinized, Bittle argues,
workers will continue to die in the pursuit of earning a living.Steven Bittle is an assistant professor in the
Department of Criminology at the University of Ottawa.

This is a study of the structure of American corporate law, which combines economic analysis with empirical insights to produce a number of policy insights. It is suitable for anyone studying corporate law, securities regulation, comparative company law or federalism.

European Takeovers provides a complete guide to the European Takeover Directive, national M&A regulation and the interaction between domestic and pan-European regulation. It contains a detailed discussion of the fundamental principles of national and European law, its application and the various practical issues that companies and their advisers face as they plan, defend and execute takeovers. This third edition further explores the area following the partial harmonisation of takeover regulation within the European Union since the introduction of the European Takeover Directive and is an exhaustive reference source for anyone preparing, participating in and responding to takeover activity in the EU. Chapters have been fully updated with the latest regulations and case law in the featured jurisdictions, and new chapters have been added addressing key topics such as ESG and M&A and collusion. This title will prove to be an invaluable guide for practising professionals and academics studying this area of law. Written by leading legal and banking professionals, and academics from across Europe, European Takeovers will help you navigate national takeover legislation and its implementation, and discusses recent ground-breaking and controversial takeovers from across the Continent. Notable transactions examined include Akzo Nobel-PPG, Syngenta-ChemChina, Actelion-J&J, Celesio-McKesson, Abertis-ACS/Atlantia and SAB Miller-AB InBev.

This book explains the concepts of Ethical Business Practice (EBP) and Ethical Business Regulation (EBR), a new paradigm in compliance and enforcement based on behavioural science and ethics. EBR provides the basis for an effective relationship between a business and its regulators, resulting in better outcomes for both. EBR is attracting extensive attention from regulators and businesses around the world. The UK Government's 2017 Regulatory Futures Review draws on EBR as the foundation for its policy of 'regulatory self-assurance'. EBR draws on findings from behavioural science, responsive regulation, safety and business and integrity management to create a practical and holistic approach. Examples include the open culture that is essential for civil aviation safety, the Primary Authority agreements between regulators and national businesses, and feedback mechanisms provided by market vigilance systems and sectoral consumer ombudsmen. This book provides an essential blueprint for sustainable business and effective future regulation.

Commercial Applications of Company Law is an integrated learning resource that introduces the key aspects of company law as they relate to business organisations. This text explores the fundamentals of company law, such as corporate legal personality, management and governance, finance and corporate liability, and demonstrates how they affect company practice and inform policy. Designed for students approaching law from a business perspective, the content is highly accessible with practical demonstrations, legislation extracts, sample company documents, problem sets and expert commentary that guides students through complex legislation and the common issues that can arise in the industry. Written by three of Australia's foremost corporate law academics, Commercial Applications of Company Law includes case studies and problem sets and has been updated to reflect the latest developments in regulatory practice, legislation and case law that have occurred within the last 12 months.

Comparative Company Law provides a systematic and coherent exposition of company law across jurisdictions, augmented by extracts taken from key judgments, legislation, and scholarly works. It provides an overview of the legal framework of company law in the US, the UK, Germany, and France, as well as the legislative measures adopted by the EU and the relevant case law of the Court of Justice. The comparative analysis of legal frameworks is firmly grounded in legal history and legal and economic theory and bolstered by numerous extracts (including extracts in translation) that offer the reader an invaluable insight into how the law operates in context. The book is an essential guide to how company law cuts across borders, and how different jurisdictions shape the corporate lifespan from its formation by way of incorporation to its demise (corporate insolvency) and eventual dissolution. In addition, it offers an introduction to the nature of the corporation, the framework of EU company law, incorporation and corporate representation, agency problems in the firm, rights of stakeholders and shareholders, neutrality and defensive measures in corporate control transactions, legal capital, piercing the corporate veil, and corporate insolvency and restructuring law.

As attention moves rapidly towards comparative approaches, the research and teaching of company law has somehow lagged behind. The overall purpose of this book is therefore to fill a gap in the literature by identifying whether conceptual differences between countries exist. Rather than concentrate on whether the institutional structure of the corporation varies across jurisdictions, the objective of this book will be pursued by focusing on specific cases and how different countries might treat each of these cases. The book also has a public policy dimension, because the existence or absence of differences may lead to the question of whether formal harmonisation of company law is necessary. The book covers 12 legal systems from different legal traditions and from different parts of the world (though with a special emphasis on European countries). In alphabetical order, those countries are: Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Latvia, the Netherlands, Poland, South Africa, Spain, the UK, and the US. All of these jurisdictions are subjected to scrutiny by deploying a comparative case-based study. On the basis of these case solutions, various conclusions are reached, some of which challenge established orthodoxies in the field of comparative company law.

What is the importance of Sections 302 and 404?

"Implementing" SOX using COSO and COBIT

SOX's impact on foreign companies andnonprofits

Achieving cost-effective sustainable compliance

The evolving role of the SEC and the PCAOB

Praise for ESSENTIALS OF SARBANES-OXLEY

"Since its enactment in 2002, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and its Section 404 internal control requirements have caused many a great deal of 'pain and suffering!' With its emphasis on what Sanjay Anand frequently reminds us is the 'real world, ' this book should reduce some of that pain as it provides a practical and very realistic approach for an effective implementation of Sarbanes-Oxley internal control processes. The book has references to the new changes in auditing standards and emphasizes achieving sustainable compliance--practical and realistic approaches."
--Robert R. Moeller
President, Compliance & Control Systems, Inc.

"Sanjay Anand has provided what every busy executive needs, a concise overview of Sarbanes-Oxley Act essentials. His book is a terrific reference text that I recommend to anyone who needs to quickly understand the substance of the Act."
--Scott Green
Chief Administration Officer Weil, Gotshal & Manges LLP

"If you are looking to put together the various pieces--finance, accounting, audit, legal, IT, ethics--and understand the 'big picture' of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, there is no other book like this. With 'Tips & Techniques' and 'In the Real World' examples, this book brings lively, practical, tangible, and compressible dimensions to a complex, multifaceted (and often dry) subject. This is essential reading for those new to the process and old hands going intotheir third and fourth years of SOX. It will also help those in other countries adopting SOX-like internal controls and regulations."
--Dr. Anthony Tarantino
Governance, Risk, and Compliance Center of Excellence
IBM, Financial Services Sector, Silicon Valley and New York City

Written by Sanjay Anand, one of the world's leading corporate governance, risk management, and regulatory compliance experts, this simple to use book is designed with appreciation for demanding professional obligations, with information always easy to find and at your fingertips. Essentials of Sarbanes-Oxley equips you with the knowledge you and all your company members need to initiate a SOX project, allocate a budget, and help your company achieve compliance.

The nonprofit sector is a vital component of our society and is allowed the greatest freedom to operate. The public understandably assumes that since nonprofit organizations are established to do good, the people who run nonprofits are altruistic, and the laws governing nonprofits have reflected this assumption. But as Marion Fremont-Smith argues, the rules that govern how nonprofits operate are inadequate, and the regulatory mechanisms designed to enforce the rules need improvement.

Despite repeated instances of negligent management, self-interest at the expense of the charity, and outright fraud, nonprofits continue to receive minimal government regulation. In this time of increased demand for corporate accountability, the need to strengthen regulation of nonprofits is obvious. Fremont-Smith addresses this need from a historical, legal, and organizational perspective. She combines summaries and analysis of the substantive legal rules governing the behavior of charitable officers, directors, and trustees with descriptions of the federal and state regulatory schemes designed to enforce these rules. Her unique and exhaustive historical survey of the law of nonprofit organizations provides a foundation for her analysis of the effectiveness of current law and proposals for its improvement.

This book provides a critical examination of modern English corporate insolvency law, in particular the procedures under the Insolvency Act 1986, from both conceptual and functional points of view. It focuses throughout on identifying a rational explanation for the form that the rules and institutions of the modern law take or, where there is no such rational explanation, the history which has resulted in the present position. A central theme of the book is that the nature and fundamental purpose of insolvency proceedings themselves dictate many of the features of English insolvency proceedings. For example, collective execution on behalf of creditors necessitates definition of the insolvent estate and the provision of rules concerning provable debts and transaction avoidance. Many key features of the insolvency procedures are therefore essentially matters of practicality rather than principle, albeit practicalities applied justly and fairly. The book covers the nature and purpose of insolvency law; the procedures; the administration, supervision and regulation of insolvency proceedings; the insolvent estate and transaction avoidance; investigation and wrongdoing by directors; phoenixism and pre-packing; distribution of the insolvent estate; and, lastly, cross-border insolvency. It examines the various principles of insolvency law in the context of practice, drawing upon historical perspectives where appropriate. By explaining how the law takes the form that it does, the book promotes an understanding of the present law and institutions as a whole, and shows how this understanding might inform future developments.

Merger control has emerged as a growing area of competition law within the last decade. Merger operations can impact on a number of jurisdictions and may require regulatory notification and approval in more than one. Merger Control Worldwide provides practitioners and policy-makers with a clear point of reference that will prove invaluable when making decisions and delivering sound and accurate advice in merger cases. The chapters set out the details of every jurisdiction where a mechanism for merger control is in place and make use of flowcharts and diagrams to provide a concise and practical account of the relevant law in each jurisdiction.

Commercial Contracts for UK Companies: Formation to Exit helps business owners and directors to recognise key legal and compliance issues at an early stage, enriching the level of discourse between the business and its advisers. It provides an authoritative introductory text that charts the pivotal stages of the business lifecycle by reference to contracts frequently encountered in the course of trading. Providing coverage of topics including the choice of business vehicle, marketing the business, manufacturing the product, loan finance, selling the product and e-commerce, Commercial Contracts for UK Companies: Formation to Exit: - Analyses the purpose and operation of commercial contracts that are part and parcel of everyday business, including: o a general description of the function of contracts o guidance on negotiation, drafting, and practical transactional issues o narrative on applicable law, including key areas of legislation and regulation - Includes precedents with clause-by-clause commentary, including a joint venture agreement, a manufacturing agreement, e-commerce website terms and conditions, and a social media influencer agreement - all precedents are available as electronic downloads - Highlights common contractual pitfalls and areas of risk when incorporating and thereafter running a business with guidance on how to avoid them This new title will appeal to commercial and finance directors and owners of small and medium-sized businesses, including entrepreneurs embarking on first-time ventures and their legal advisers. It will also assist accountants and other professionals involved in the operation of businesses in England and Wales.