This discussion of the Cross-Border Merger Directive and its implementing legislation in each Member State of the European Union and the European Economic Area provides companies and their advisors with useful insight into the legal framework applicable to, and the tax treatment of, cross-border mergers throughout the European Economic Area. Analysis of the Community rules laid down in the Cross-Border Merger Directive and the Community rules on the tax treatment of cross-border mergers is complemented by chapters on the implementing legislation in each Member State, prepared in accordance with a common format and contributed by a practitioner from each state. Annexes contain the Cross-Border Merger Directive (Annex I), the Parent-Subsidiary Directive (Annex II) and a list of the implementing legislation in each Member State (Annex III).

Company Law Essentials is a clear and concise study and revision guide for students. It contains all the essential information students need when preparing for exams and includes useful summary sections of essential facts and essential cases. An invaluable text which students can use to gain a quick understanding of a new subject, to help them through a course, or as an aid to revision for exams. This book is also an excellent resource for those who need to refresh their knowledge of company law.

Companies and other Business Structures in South Africa offers a unique synthesis of legal and accounting expertise to provide a clear, practical and authoritative overview of company law and particularly the far-reaching changes introduced by the Companies Act, No 71 of 2008. The book integrates common law and an applied, business orientated approach, providing an invaluable analysis of the purpose and rationale of the new provisions. It provides a careful explanation of the concepts and principles of company law, highlights how the legislative provisions of the new Companies Act depart from the existing company law regime, and considers their impact and relevance for companies and the legal and accounting professions. This book has been written primarily for students of commerce studying the compulsory undergraduate course on the law of companies and other business structures. Companies and other Business Structures in South Africa is designed to comply with the suggested syllabus for commercial law as outlined in the SAICA education requirements for Part 1 of the Qualifying Examination (revised 2005).

With its real-world business-orientated approach, Business Law has been fully updated in line with the Companies Act 2006, and also streamlined to address the needs of today's student of this fascinating and fast-moving subject. Providing a salient introduction to law in a business context, this is a valuable learning companion.

Wilhelm, Law of Companies, covers many legal areas that have undergone intense reform over the last few years. Following an introduction to the system of the law of companies and the history of the stock corporation (AG -Aktiengesellschaft) and the limited liability company (GmbH-Gesellschaft mit beschrAnkter Haftung), the "neighboring" areas of national capital market regulation and the European aspects are introduced. The next chapters are dedicated to the laws pertaining to the formation of a company and the problems of capitalization, which are essential to the understanding and system of the German law of companies. The following sections describe corporate actions and the appointment of members, the legal relationship in the corporation, the organization of corporations in respect to affiliated groups, and accounting. The second to last chapter introduces the reader to the legal form of the partnership limited by shares (KGaA- Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien). The final chapter offers a look into the termination or transformation of a corporation.

With the globalisation of markets, the phenomenon of market failure has also been globalised. Against the backdrop of the territoriality of nation state jurisdictions and the slow progress of international law based on the principle of sovereignty this poses a serious challenge. However while the legal infrastructure of globalised markets has a firm basis in formal national and international law, the side effects of economic transactions on public goods such as the environment, human health and consumer interests often escape state-based regulation. Therefore, attention is drawn to the potential of self-regulation by transnational industry. While hypotheses abound which try to grasp this phenomenon in conceptual terms, both empirical and legal research is still underdeveloped. This volume helps to fill this gap, in two ways: firstly by reconstructing self-regulatory settings such as multinational corporations, transnational production networks and industry-NGO partnerships in terms of organisation, problem-solving and legitimation, and secondly, by linking their empirical findings to formal law by examining how legal concepts are reflected in self-regulation, how the law builds on self-regulatory solutions, and how it helps to establish favorable conditions for private governance.

All modern legal systems within advanced economies must address the question of how to respond to the needs of insolvent consumers whose burden of debt greatly exceeds their capacity to repay within a reasonable time frame. This study surveys comparatively the insolvency regimes currently in place or likely to be adopted in the foreseeable future in Canada, the United States, Australia, England and Wales, Scotland, Scandinavia and a representative group of Western countries on the continent of Europe. Modern legal systems have two basic alternatives in providing relief for over-committed consumers. The first, which involves restricting the enforcement of individual creditor remedies is a method with which this study is not concerned. Where the consumer is seriously insolvent and owes money to many creditors, a different approach is required - a collective solution to debtor's problems - and this, the solution provided by modern insolvency systems, is the focus of this study.

Business between England and Germany has flourished in recent years and looks set to continue to develop in coming years. This collection examines the legal framework of joint ventures between English and German companies. It addresses the laws in these two countries and draws helpful comparisons between the two. The contributions point out pitfalls that lawyers who are not familiar with both German and English law are likely to overlook and which may cause major problems when joint venture companies are established. This book consists of four parts. Each of these has been written by a team of leading German and English lawyers. The authors are specialists in this field and the contributions are rich with their practical insights. The studies were presented at the 1999 Anglo-German Law Conference in Oxford,organised under the auspices of the Oxford Law Faculty, with the support of three leading English and German Law firms. The first part deals with the formation of a joint venture company. It discusses the types of companies which are usually used to establish joint ventures as well as the rights and obligations of members. It also addresses the law and legal practice relating to memoranda of understanding, warranties and indemnities, joint venture agreements, and the valuation of contributions. The second part concerns the management of joint venture companies. It analyses how shareholders can influence management decisions, the rights and obligations of directors and parent companies, as well as the legal position of minority shareholders. This part also describes the relevant laws protecting employees. The third part addresses European Union as well as English and German competition law. It considers the circumstances which trigger merger control mechanisms and presents two illuminating case studies. The last part deals with the termination of joint ventures. It presents and analyses several popular termination clauses including Russian Roulette, pre-emption rights, and rights of first refusal. This collection will be indispensable to practising lawyers and in-house counsel whose practice touches on Anglo-German business affairs. It will also be of real interest to legal academics concerned with European commercial or comparative law. Contents I. Some Comparisons Between Common Law and Civil Law by Gerhard Dannemann II. Structuring the Joing Venture by Ian Hewitt and Prof Dr Gerhard Picot III. Protecting the Various Interests in the Joint Venture by David Kershaw and Dr Wolfgang Witz IV. Joint Ventures Under EU and National Competition Laws by Jochen Burrichter, Rod Carlton, Dr Thorsten Mager and Alison Byrne V. Termination of the Joint Venture by George Goulding, Dr Hans-Jurgenn Hellwig, Tim Boxell and Bonnie Costelloe

A unique and invaluable aid to corporate counsel, and other legal advisors, to guide corporate response and decision making, presented with ease of accessibility and a practical, pragmatic focus. It is a first port of call for those charged with advising their key business leaders on difficult and disputed legal issues that engage and tax the board room. It presents the legal considerations implicit in the business functional areas common to commercial practice, be it sales, productions, marketing, human resources, finance and accounting etc, and additionally explores some of the following topics that are typically top of corporate counsel agenda: - Commercial Contracting, with particular emphasis on the risks of Agency and Distribution arrangements in EMEA - Regulatory and Legal Compliance considerations across EMEA - Product compliance - Advertising and Promotion within EMEA - Geo-Political Legal Considerations It also includes helpful chapters on the topics of Company Secretariat obligations, geopolitical legal considerations in EMEA and the emerging field of Islamic commercial and legal interface with local law.

This book focuses on the socio-political environment that allows for the impactful work of NGOs through their proximity to local communities. The book showcases how this space has helped South African women's rights NGOs to bring about crucial legal reforms, which are quite relevant to women's lived realities. Recognizing its limitations, the South African state encourages NGOs to work freely on the ground and with state institutions to ameliorate the conditions for women's rights. The outcome of this state-NGO dynamic can be seen in the numerous human rights gains achieved by NGOs in general, and by women's rights organizations specifically. In addition, vulnerable communities such as women living under customary law have a significantly better chance to access justice. The book then demonstrates the opposite scenario, using Egypt as a case study, where NGOs are viewed as a national threat, and consequently operate under restrictive rules.

This book provides a critical examination of modern English corporate insolvency law, in particular the procedures under the Insolvency Act 1986, from both conceptual and functional points of view. It focuses throughout on identifying a rational explanation for the form that the rules and institutions of the modern law take or, where there is no such rational explanation, the history which has resulted in the present position. A central theme of the book is that the nature and fundamental purpose of insolvency proceedings themselves dictate many of the features of English insolvency proceedings. For example, collective execution on behalf of creditors necessitates definition of the insolvent estate and the provision of rules concerning provable debts and transaction avoidance. Many key features of the insolvency procedures are therefore essentially matters of practicality rather than principle, albeit practicalities applied justly and fairly. The book covers the nature and purpose of insolvency law; the procedures; the administration, supervision and regulation of insolvency proceedings; the insolvent estate and transaction avoidance; investigation and wrongdoing by directors; phoenixism and pre-packing; distribution of the insolvent estate; and, lastly, cross-border insolvency. It examines the various principles of insolvency law in the context of practice, drawing upon historical perspectives where appropriate. By explaining how the law takes the form that it does, the book promotes an understanding of the present law and institutions as a whole, and shows how this understanding might inform future developments.

Business networks are an important economic phenomenon of increasing practical importance throughout Europe. This volume examines business networks from an interdisciplinary perspective, with many contributions dealing with a certain form of business network, the so-called cooperative or non-hierarchical. With regard to this specific form of cooperation the volume presents new economic findings, proposes a definition and discusses the governance structure of those networks.Moreover, this book explores whether the research results can also be applied to hierarchical, centralized business networks. With medium-sized companies and all the more with large companies, business networks also pose the question of the compatibility with anti-trust law. This collection dedicates three contributions to this important question. They are complemented by chapters on liability of the network and its members towards third parties and contributions discussing duties of loyalty and the interpretation of agreements. Drawing on new research from Italy, Spain, Germany and Norway, this work illustrates the European legal perspective on business networks.

This book provides the first comprehensive treatment of out-of-court restructuring and post-commencement insolvency financing in the corporate group setting, domestically and internationally. Bringing together a collection of distinguished contributors-academics and practitioners at the forefront of insolvency practice and law reform efforts-the book addresses and critiques "state of the art" practice and work-arounds for financing out-of-court restructurings as well as judicial reorganisations, going-concern liquidations and administration proceedings of financially distressed global business groups. The book opens with a detailed introduction from the editors which provides an overview of domestic law issues and an exploration of principles guiding judicial and administrative cooperation to facilitate group financing in cross-border cases. The final section analyzes regional and global law reform and harmonisation progress to date. This book is a valuable resource for practitioners who must structure (and courts that must approve) financing for global enterprise groups in reorganisation. With another wave of global corporate group failures anticipated, practitioners, courts and policy makers are well served by a work describing cutting-edge advances in this field in domestic and cross-border cases.

Millennials have come of age in an era when environmental and social crises have defined much of their adult lives, as has the recurrent message that time is of the essence. Future generations will bear the greatest burden created by climate change, pandemics, and inequality, but often they are not in positions of power to make impactful decisions about it. This book gives voice to young lawyers offering new critical perspectives in the burgeoning field of corporate law and sustainability. Climate change is an intergenerational crisis, and the solutions and path forward must include intergenerational voices. Millennials are rising in power at a critical juncture in our climate and corporate history, and their perspectives stand apart from those who have been trained into myopic views of what constitutes change. These essays challenge the status quo across a number of pressing topics, including executive compensation, board diversity, decolonialization, crowdfunding, social media risk, corporate lobbying, shareholder activism, tax avoidance, global supply chain management, and human rights, written with a level of thoughtfulness and urgency that demands attention from policymakers and scholars alike. Edited by Carol Liao, a leading expert in the field, and with a foreword by author and filmmaker of The Corporation and The New Corporation Joel Bakan, this book offers timeless research from a diverse group of young lawyers calling for bona fide corporate accountability within legal and regulatory frameworks, including innovative ideas for reform.

This new title provides a full analysis of the legislative and regulatory background of community interest companies and is a guide to all six CIC precedents: 1. CIC model constitution: company limited by guarantee with a small membership 2. CIC model constitution: company limited by guarantee with a large membership 3. CIC model constitution: private schedule 2 company limited by shares with a small membership 4. CIC model constitution: private schedule 2 company limited by shares with a large membership 5. CIC model constitution: private schedule 3 company limited by shares with a small membership 6. CIC model constitution: private schedule 3 company limited by shares with a large membership The precedents are fully annotated to provide guidance on each article, together with bespoke clauses that may be included for specific events.It also uses case examples to demonstrate: how to create or convert to a CIC the reporting requirements with Companies House and the CIC regulator Armed with this text any solicitor, barrister or accountant will have the tools to confidently advise clients on the legislative and regulatory background of CICs. This text would also suit community bodies or individuals who wish to set up a social enterprise using the CIC structure, in particular, sports clubs or voluntary groups.

Shareholder Actions is a comprehensive guide to the possible actions shareholders may be entitled to pursue, on whichever side of the dispute they might be involved. As well as unfair prejudice and derivative actions, and the many personal actions arising from the Companies Act 2006, the book covers actions based in common law and equity, as well as actions based in other statutory law. It also explores occurences of directors owing fiduciary duties directly to shareholders and the 'no reflective loss' rule providing a clear view of its scope, but also its limitations. The book refers to judgments in other related jurisdictions when it is necessary to substantiate a submission not already fully and authoritatively addressed by English law. Scottish cases are referred to where the House of Lords or Supreme Court have dealt with an issue, or where the point of law overlaps with English law. There are separate chapters on taxation issues, shareholder claims in Australia, due the large cross pollination between English and Australian law and, for comparative purposes, on Canada where a very different approach is taken with its common law based system and South Africa. In addition to an expanded section on procedure with detailed consideration of the availability of interlocutory relief, the new 3rd edition also covers significant developments in case law that there have been since the 2nd edition including in relation to: - Directors' duties, eg Julien v Evolving Technologies; Popely v Popely; Auden McKenzie (Pharma) Ltd v Patel; Re System Building Services Group; Dickinson v NAL Realisations (Staffordshire) Ltd and in the continuing Sharp v Blank litigation - Remedies following directors' breaches of duties, eg CPS v Aquila Advisory Ltd and in Interactive Technology v Fester - Derivative claims, eg Sevilleja Garcia v Marex Financial Ltd and Homes of England Ltd v Nick Bellman (Holdings) Ltd - Unfair prejudice petitions, eg Re G&G Properties Ltd; re Bankside Hotels Ltd, aka Griffith v Gourgey; George v McCarthy and Allnutt v Nags Head Reading Ltd - Just and equitable winding up, eg Chu v Lau - The doctrine of the non-recoverability of reflective loss, eg the decisions of both the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeal in the important case of Sevilleja Garcia v Marex Financial Ltd where this was considered and ultimately refined; and Re Hut Group Ltd, aka Zedra Trust Co (Jersey) Ltd v Hut Group Ltd - Access to company registers, eg Houldsworth Village Management v Barton - The liability of parent companies for the actions of their subsidiaries in Vedanta Resources Plc and Another v Lungowe

Currently, there exists a distrust of corporate activity in the continuing aftermath of the financial crisis and with increasing recognition of the threats of climate change and global, as well as national, inequalities. Despite efforts in the arena of corporate governance to address these, we are still beset with corporate scandals and witness companies facing large fines for their environmental and cost-cutting misdemeanours. Recognising that the usual responses to dealing with these corporate problems are not effective, this book asks whether the traditional form of the joint stock corporation itself lies at the heart of these problems. What are the features of the corporate form and how does its current regulation underscore these problems? Identifying such features provides a basis for the discussion to develop towards suggesting more progressive regulatory developments around the corporate form. More fundamentally, this book investigates a diverse range of corporate governance models that are emerging as alternatives to the shareholder corporation, including employee-owned, cooperative and social enterprises. The contributors are leading scholars from various backgrounds including law, management and organisation studies, finance and accounting, as well as experienced professionals and policy makers with expertise in social and cooperative business models and the role of employees in the corporation.

Provides the answers to all the questions that can arise on the formation, operation and dissolution of Partnerships, LPs and LLPs as well as the answers to all questions that can arise in disputes between partners, ex-partners and outsiders. Fully revised and updated this new edition will include coverage of: - The introduction of the Private Fund Limited Partnership (PFLP) in 2017 - Application of discrimination law in the context of partnerships/LLPs: Seldon v Clarkson, Wright and Jakes; Tiffin v Lester Aldridge LLP; Bates v van Winklehof - Interpretation of partnership agreements, what amount to partnership assets and how they should be valued, in the context of the retirement or buy-out of a former partner: Drake v Harvey; Ham v Ham; Ham v Bell - The role, if any, of the doctrine of repudiation in the context of partnerships (Golstein v Bishop) and LLPs (Flanagan v Liontrust Management LLP) - What nature of "business" may constitute a partnership (Bhatti v HMRC) - Impact of changes made to the insolvency regime (including the Insolvency Rules 2016) on insolvency of partnerships and LLPs

This book explains the concepts of Ethical Business Practice (EBP) and Ethical Business Regulation (EBR), a new paradigm in compliance and enforcement based on behavioural science and ethics. EBR provides the basis for an effective relationship between a business and its regulators, resulting in better outcomes for both. EBR is attracting extensive attention from regulators and businesses around the world. The UK Government's 2017 Regulatory Futures Review draws on EBR as the foundation for its policy of 'regulatory self-assurance'. EBR draws on findings from behavioural science, responsive regulation, safety and business and integrity management to create a practical and holistic approach. Examples include the open culture that is essential for civil aviation safety, the Primary Authority agreements between regulators and national businesses, and feedback mechanisms provided by market vigilance systems and sectoral consumer ombudsmen. This book provides an essential blueprint for sustainable business and effective future regulation.

This book examines the theories and practice of how to control corporate behaviour through legal techniques. The principal theories examined are deterrence, economic rational acting, responsive regulation, and the findings of behavioural psychology. Leading examples of the various approaches are given in order to illustrate the models: private enforcement of law through litigation in the USA, public enforcement of competition law by the European Commission, and the recent reform of policies on public enforcement of regulatory law in the United Kingdom. Noting that behavioural psychology has as yet had only limited application in legal and regulatory theory, the book then analyses various European regulatory structures where behavioural techniques can be seen or could be applied. Sectors examined include financial services, civil aviation, pharmaceuticals, and workplace health & safety. Key findings are that 'enforcement' has to focus on identifying the causes of non-compliance, so as to be able to support improved performance, rather than be based on fear motivating complete compliance. Systems in which reporting is essential for safety only function with a no-blame culture. The book concludes by proposing an holistic model for maximising compliance within large organisations, combining public regulatory and criminal controls with internal corporate systems and external influences by stakeholders, held together by a unified core of ethical principles. Hence, the book proposes a new theory of ethical regulation.

This is a case study of legal transplant, economic development, cultural adaptation and political integration. Hong Kong's journey from British entrepot to China's international financial centre is one of the most interesting legal stories of our time. But Hong Kong's future is even more interesting: will this region with British-origin institutions survive full integration into China and become its permanent international financial centre? Does Hong Kong have the legal infrastructure to compete effectively with Shanghai and Singapore, and even New York and London? A Financial Centre for Two Empires presents Hong Kong's story, examines its corporate economy and securities market, assesses its corporate, securities and tax laws for doctrinal soundness and appropriate remedies, and evaluates the quality of their enforcement empirically. It closes with a view of Hong Kong from the perspective of developments in Beijing and Shanghai, including an examination of the important political dimension."