The workshop on Scalable Shared Memory Multiprocessors took place on May 26 and 27 1990 at the Stouffer Madison Hotel in Seattle, Washington as a prelude to the 1990 International Symposium on Computer Architecture. About 100 participants listened for two days to the presentations of 22 invited The motivation for this workshop was to speakers, from academia and industry. promote the free exchange of ideas among researchers working on shared-memory multiprocessor architectures. There was ample opportunity to argue with speakers, and certainly participants did not refrain a bit from doing so. Clearly, the problem of scalability in shared-memory multiprocessors is still a wide-open question. We were even unable to agree on a definition of "scalability." Authors had more than six months to prepare their manuscript, and therefore the papers included in this proceedings are refinements of the speakers' presentations, based on the criticisms received at the workshop. As a result, 17 authors contributed to these proceedings. We wish to thank them for their diligence and care. The contributions in these proceedings can be partitioned into four categories 1. Access Order and Synchronization 2. Performance 3. Cache Protocols and Architectures 4. Distributed Shared Memory Particular topics on which new ideas and results are presented in these proceedings include: efficient schemes for combining networks, formal specification of shared memory models, correctness of trace-driven simulations, synchronization, various coherence protocols, ."

This book constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the Fourth IFIP International Cross-Domain Conference on Internet of Things, IFIPIoT 2021, held virtually in November 2021. The 15 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 33 submissions. Also included is a summary of two panel sessions held at the conference. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: challenges in IoT Applications and Research, Modernizing Agricultural Practice Using IoT, Cyber-physical IoT systems in Wildfire Context, IoT for Smart Health, Security, Methods.

The International Workshop on "The Use of Supercomputers in Theoretical Science" took place on January 24 and 25, 1991, at the University of Antwerp (UIA), Antwerpen, Belgium. It was the sixth in a series of workshops, the fIrst of which took place in 1984. The principal aim of these workshops is to present the state of the art in scientific large-scale and high speed-computation. Computational science has developed into a third methodology equally important now as its theoretical and experimental companions. Gradually academic researchers acquired access to a variety of supercomputers and as a consequence computational science has become a major tool for their work. It is a pleasure to thank the Belgian National Science Foundation (NFWO-FNRS) and the Ministry of ScientifIc Affairs for sponsoring the workshop. It was organized both in the framework of the Third Cycle "Vectorization, Parallel Processing and Supercomputers" and the "Governemental Program in Information Technology." We also very much would like to thank the University of Antwerp (Universitaire Instelling Antwerpen -VIA) for fInancial and material support. Special thanks are due to Mrs. H. Evans for the typing and editing of the manuscripts and for the preparation of the author and subject indexes. J.T. Devreese P.E. Van Camp University of Antwerp July 1991 v CONlENTS High Perfonnance Numerically Intensive Applications on Distributed Memory Parallel Computers .................... . F.W. Wray Abstract ......................................... .

The interplay between words, computability, algebra and arithmetic has now proved its relevance and fruitfulness. Indeed, the cross-fertilization between formal logic and finite automata (such as that initiated by J.R. Buchi) or between combinatorics on words and number theory has paved the way to recent dramatic developments, for example, the transcendence results for the real numbers having a "simple" binary expansion, by B. Adamczewski and Y. Bugeaud. This book is at the heart of this interplay through a unified exposition. Objects are considered with a perspective that comes both from theoretical computer science and mathematics. Theoretical computer science offers here topics such as decision problems and recognizability issues, whereas mathematics offers concepts such as discrete dynamical systems. The main goal is to give a quick access, for students and researchers in mathematics or computer science, to actual research topics at the intersection between automata and formal language theory, number theory and combinatorics on words. The second of two volumes on this subject, this book covers regular languages, numeration systems, formal methods applied to decidability issues about infinite words and sets of numbers.

This book presents Dual Mode Logic (DML), a new design paradigm for digital integrated circuits. DML logic gates can operate in two modes, each optimized for a different metric. Its on-the-fly switching between these operational modes at the gate, block and system levels provide maximal E-D optimization flexibility. Each highly detailed chapter has multiple illustrations showing how the DML paradigm seamlessly implements digital circuits that dissipate less energy while simultaneously improving performance and reducing area without a significant compromise in reliability. All the facets of the DML methodology are covered, starting from basic concepts, through single gate optimization, general module optimization, design trade-offs and new ways DML can be integrated into standard design flows using standard EDA tools. DML logic is compatible with numerous applications but is particularly advantageous for ultra-low power, reliable high performance systems, and advanced scaled technologies Written in language accessible to students and design engineers, each topic is oriented toward immediate application by all those interested in an alternative to CMOS logic. Describes a novel, promising alternative to conventional CMOS logic, known as Dual Mode Logic (DML), with which a single gate can be operated selectively in two modes, each optimized for a different metric (e.g., energy consumption, performance, size); Demonstrates several techniques at the architectural level, which can result in high energy savings and improved system performance; Focuses on the tradeoffs between power, area and speed including optimizations at the transistor and gate level, including alternatives to DML basic cells; Illustrates DML efficiency for a variety of VLSI applications.

Automatic transformation of a sequential program into a parallel form is a subject that presents a great intellectual challenge and promises great practical rewards. There is a tremendous investment in existing sequential programs, and scientists and engineers continue to write their application programs in sequential languages (primarily in Fortran), but the demand for increasing speed is constant. The job of a restructuring compiler is to discover the dependence structure of a given program and transform the program in a way that is consistent with both that dependence structure and the characteristics of the given machine. Much attention in this field of research has been focused on the Fortran do loop. This is where one expects to find major chunks of computation that need to be performed repeatedly for different values of the index variable. Many loop transformations have been designed over the years, and several of them can be found in any parallelizing compiler currently in use in industry or at a university research facility. Loop Transformations for Restructuring Compilers: The Foundations provides a rigorous theory of loop transformations. The transformations are developed in a consistent mathematical framework using objects like directed graphs, matrices and linear equations. The algorithms that implement the transformations can then be precisely described in terms of certain abstract mathematical algorithms. The book provides the general mathematical background needed for loop transformations (including those basic mathematical algorithms), discusses data dependence, and introduces the major transformations. The next volume will build a detailed theory of looptransformations based on the material developed here. Loop Transformations for Restructuring Compilers: The Foundations presents a theory of loop transformations that is rigorous and yet reader-friendly.

Learn Zoom in a flash with step-by-step instructions and clear, full-size screenshots For anyone looking for a fast and easy way to learn the most popular videoconferencing software on the market today, Teach Yourself VISUALLY Zoom is your secret weapon. This hands-on guide skips the long-winded explanations and actually shows you how to do what you need to do in Zoom with full-size, color pictures and screenshots. Whether you're a total newbie to Zoom or you just need to brush up on some of the finer points of this practical software, you'll be up and running in no time at all. From joining and hosting Zoom meetings to protecting your privacy and security while you're online, Teach Yourself VISUALLY Zoom hits all the key features that make online meetings a breeze. You'll also learn to: Integrate Zoom with other apps and share screens and PowerPoints with other meeting attendees Schedule, record, and replay your meetings so you never miss out on the important stuff Update your Zoom installation to ensure you're using the latest security patches and upgrades Perfect for anyone expected to use Zoom at school or at work, Teach Yourself VISUALLY Zoom is the most useful and simplest Zoom handbook currently available.

This book covers the latest approaches and results from reconfigurable computing architectures employed in the finance domain. So-called field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) have already shown to outperform standard CPU- and GPU-based computing architectures by far, saving up to 99% of energy depending on the compute tasks. Renowned authors from financial mathematics, computer architecture and finance business introduce the readers into today's challenges in finance IT, illustrate the most advanced approaches and use cases and present currently known methodologies for integrating FPGAs in finance systems together with latest results. The complete algorithm-to-hardware flow is covered holistically, so this book serves as a hands-on guide for IT managers, researchers and quants/programmers who think about integrating FPGAs into their current IT systems.

A hands-on introduction to FPGA prototyping and SoC design This is the successor edition of the popular FPGA Prototyping by Verilog Examples text. It follows the same "learning-by-doing" approach to teach the fundamentals and practices of HDL synthesis and FPGA prototyping. The new edition uses a coherent series of examples to demonstrate the process to develop sophisticated digital circuits and IP (intellectual property) cores, integrate them into an SoC (system on a chip) framework, realize the system on an FPGA prototyping board, and verify the hardware and software operation. The examples start with simple gate-level circuits, progress gradually through the RT (register transfer) level modules, and lead to a functional embedded system with custom I/O peripherals and hardware accelerators. Although it is an introductory text, the examples are developed in a rigorous manner, and the derivations follow the strict design guidelines and coding practices used for large, complex digital systems. The book is completely updated and uses the SystemVerilog language, which "absorbs" the Verilog language. It presents the hardware design in the SoC context and introduces the hardware-software co-design concept. Instead of treating examples as isolated entities, the book integrates them into a single coherent SoC platform that allows readers to explore both hardware and software "programmability" and develop complex and interesting embedded system projects. The new edition: Adds four general-purpose IP cores, which are multi-channel PWM (pulse width modulation) controller, I2C controller, SPI controller, and XADC (Xilinx analog-to-digital converter) controller. Introduces a music synthesizer constructed with a DDFS (direct digital frequency synthesis) module and an ADSR (attack-decay-sustain-release) envelope generator. Expands the original video controller into a complete stream based video subsystem that incorporates a video synchronization circuit, a test-pattern generator, an OSD (on-screen display) controller, a sprite generator, and a frame buffer. Provides a detailed discussion on blocking and nonblocking statements and coding styles. Describes basic concepts of software-hardware co-design with Xilinx MicroBlaze MCS soft-core processor. Provides an overview of bus interconnect and interface circuit. Presents basic embedded system software development. Suggests additional modules and peripherals for interesting and challenging projects. FPGA Prototyping by SystemVerilog Examples makes a natural companion text for introductory and advanced digital design courses and embedded system courses. It also serves as an ideal self-teaching guide for practicing engineers who wish to learn more about this emerging area of interest.

Computer Systems and Software Engineering is a compilation of sixteen state-of-the-art lectures and keynote speeches given at the COMPEURO '92 conference. The contributions are from leading researchers, each of whom gives a new insight into subjects ranging from hardware design through parallelism to computer applications. The pragmatic flavour of the contributions makes the book a valuable asset for both researchers and designers alike. The book covers the following subjects: Hardware Design: memory technology, logic design, algorithms and architecture; Parallel Processing: programming, cellular neural networks and load balancing; Software Engineering: machine learning, logic programming and program correctness; Visualization: the graphical computer interface.

Blockchain technology is an emerging distributed, decentralized architecture and computing paradigm, which has accelerated the development and application of cloud, fog and edge computing; artificial intelligence; cyber physical systems; social networking; crowdsourcing and crowdsensing; 5g; trust management and finance; and other many useful sectors. Nowadays, the primary blockchain technology uses are in information systems to keep information secure and private. However, many threats and vulnerabilities are facing blockchain in the past decade such 51% attacks, double spending attacks, etc. The popularity and rapid development of blockchain brings many technical and regulatory challenges for research and academic communities. The main goal of this book is to encourage both researchers and practitioners of Blockchain technology to share and exchange their experiences and recent studies between academia and industry. The reader will be provided with the most up-to-date knowledge of blockchain in mainstream areas of security and privacy in the decentralized domain, which is timely and essential (this is due to the fact that the distributed and p2p applications are increasing day-by-day, and the attackers adopt new mechanisms to threaten the security and privacy of the users in those environments). This book provides a detailed explanation of security and privacy with respect to blockchain for information systems, and will be an essential resource for students, researchers and scientists studying blockchain uses in information systems and those wanting to explore the current state of play.

Your "get-started" guide to the world of macOS Big Sur Wherever you like to Mac--at home in front of your trusty iMac or over a coffee with your portable MacBook Air--macOS provides you with the seamless, efficient, and reliable user experience that makes these devices so famously a pleasure to use. macOS Big Sur For Dummies is here to heighten the experience for new users and upgraders alike by providing the very latest on the ways macOS Big Sur can enhance how you work and play. Written in a no-jargon style by Bob LeVitus--the Houston Chronicle's much-loved "Dr. Mac" since 1996--this guide starts with the basics, like getting set up, and explains more advanced uses, like making music and movies, exploring the expanding universe of apps and giving tips on how to save time and enhance productivity along the way. With this book, you'll learn to Set up and connect your Mac Get friendly with Siri Enhance your world with apps Work better and faster Use the comprehensive capabilities of macOS Big Sur to do anything and everything you would like to do--and do it even better. For beginners and experts alike, macOS Big Sur For Dummies is the best way to step into the magical world of getting things done with Mac.

This book explores the most recent Edge and Distributed Cloud computing research and industrial advances, settling the basis for Advanced Swarm Computing developments. It features the Swarm computing concepts and realizes it as an Ad-hoc Edge Cloud architecture. Unlike current techniques in Edge and Cloud computing that solely view IoT connected devices as sources of data, Swarm computing aims at using the compute capabilities of IoT connected devices in coordination with current Edge and Cloud computing innovations. In addition to being more widely available, IoT-connected devices are also quickly becoming more sophisticated in terms of their ability to carry considerable compute and storage resources. Swarm computing and Ad-hoc Edge Cloud take full advantage of this trend to create on-demand, autonomic and decentralized self-managed computing infrastructures. Focusing on cognitive resource and service management, the book examines the specific research challenges of the Swarm computing approach, related to the characteristics of IoT connected devices that form the infrastructure. It also offers academics and practitioners insights for future research in the fields of Edge and Swarm computing.

This book discusses the advantages and challenges of Body-Biasing for integrated circuits and systems, together with the deployment of the design infrastructure needed to generate this Body-Bias voltage. These new design solutions enable state of the art energy efficiency and system flexibility for the latest applications, such as Internet of Things and 5G communications.

An expert guide to understanding and making optimum use of BSIM

Used by more chip designers worldwide than any other comparable model, the Berkeley Short-Channel IGFET Model (BSIM) has, over the past few years, established itself as the de facto standard MOSFET SPICE model for circuit simulation and CMOS technology development. Yet, until now, there have been no independent expert guides or tutorials to supplement the various BSIM manuals currently available. Written by a noted expert in the field, this book fills that gap in the literature by providing a comprehensive guide to understanding and making optimal use of BSIM3 and BSIM4.

Drawing upon his extensive experience designing with BSIM, William Liu provides a brief history of the model, discusses the various advantages of BSIM over other models, and explores the reasons why BSIM3 has been adopted by the majority of circuit manufacturers. He then provides engineers with the detailed practical information and guidance they need to master all of BSIM’s features. He:

• Summarizes key BSIM3 components
• Represents the BSIM3 model with equivalent circuits for various operating conditions
• Provides a comprehensive glossary of modeling terminology
• Lists alphabetically BSIM3 parameters along with their meanings and relevant equations
• Explores BSIM3’s flaws and provides improvement suggestions
• Describes all of BSIM4’s improvements and new features

Originally written by a team of Certified Protection Professionals (CPPs), Anthony DiSalvatore gives valuable updates to The Complete Guide for CPP Examination Preparation. This new edition contains an overview of the fundamental concepts and practices of security management while offering important insights into the CPP exam. Until recently the security profession was regarded as a "necessary evil." This book is a comprehensive guide to a profession that is now considered critical to our well-being in the wake of 9/11. It presents a practical approach drawn from decades of combined experience shared by the authors, prepares the reader for the CPP exam, and walks them through the certification process. This edition gives revised and updated treatment of every subject in the CPP exam, encourages and outlines a three-part program for you to follow, and includes sample questions at the end of each area of study. Although these are not questions that appear on the actual exam, they convey the principles and concepts that the exam emphasizes and are valuable in determining if you have mastered the information. The book also includes a security survey that covers all facets of external and internal security, as well as fire prevention. The Complete Guide for CPP Examination Preparation, Second Edition allows you to move steadily forward along your path to achieving one of the most highly regarded certifications in the security industry.

Relationships abound in the library and information science (LIS) world. Those relationships may be social in nature, as, for instance, when we deal with human relationships among library personnel or relationships (i. e. , "public relations") between an information center and its clientele. The relationships may be educational, as, for example, when we examine the relationship between the curriculum of an accredited school and the needs of the work force it is preparing students to join. Or the relationships may be economic, as when we investigate the relationship between the cost of journals and the frequency with which they are cited. Many of the relationships of concern to us reflect phenomena entirely internal to the field: the relationship between manuscript collections, archives, and special collections; the relationship between end user search behavior and the effectiveness of searches; the relationship between access to and use of information resources; the relationship between recall and precision; the relationship between various bibliometric laws; etc. The list of such relationships could go on and on. The relationships addressed in this volume are restricted to those involved in the organization of recorded knowledge, which tend to have a conceptual or semantic basis, although statistical means are sometimes used in their discovery.

With the proliferation of GPS devices in daily life, trajectory data that records where and when people move is now readily available on a large scale. As one of the most typical representatives, it has now become widely recognized that taxi trajectory data provides rich opportunities to enable promising smart urban services. Yet, a considerable gap still exists between the raw data available, and the extraction of actionable intelligence. This gap poses fundamental challenges on how we can achieve such intelligence. These challenges include inaccuracy issues, large data volumes to process, and sparse GPS data, to name but a few. Moreover, the movements of taxis and the leaving trajectory data are the result of a complex interplay between several parties, including drivers, passengers, travellers, urban planners, etc. In this book, we present our latest findings on mining taxi GPS trajectory data to enable a number of smart urban services, and to bring us one step closer to the vision of smart mobility. Firstly, we focus on some fundamental issues in trajectory data mining and analytics, including data map-matching, data compression, and data protection. Secondly, driven by the real needs and the most common concerns of each party involved, we formulate each problem mathematically and propose novel data mining or machine learning methods to solve it. Extensive evaluations with real-world datasets are also provided, to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of using trajectory data. Unlike other books, which deal with people and goods transportation separately, this book also extends smart urban services to goods transportation by introducing the idea of crowdshipping, i.e., recruiting taxis to make package deliveries on the basis of real-time information. Since people and goods are two essential components of smart cities, we feel this extension is bot logical and essential. Lastly, we discuss the most important scientific problems and open issues in mining GPS trajectory data.

This book is for cybersecurity leaders across all industries and organizations. It is intended to bridge the gap between the data center and the board room. This book examines the multitude of communication challenges that CISOs are faced with every day and provides practical tools to identify your audience, tailor your message and master the art of communicating. Poor communication is one of the top reasons that CISOs fail in their roles. By taking the step to work on your communication and soft skills (the two go hand-in-hand), you will hopefully never join their ranks. This is not a "communication theory" book. It provides just enough practical skills and techniques for security leaders to get the job done. Learn fundamental communication skills and how to apply them to day-to-day challenges like communicating with your peers, your team, business leaders and the board of directors. Learn how to produce meaningful metrics and communicate before, during and after an incident. Regardless of your role in Tech, you will find something of value somewhere along the way in this book.

Quality Electronic Design (QED)'s landscape spans a vast region where territories of many participating disciplines and technologies overlap. This book explores the latest trends in several key topics related to quality electronic design, with emphasis on Hardware Security, Cybersecurity, Machine Learning, and application of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The book includes topics in nonvolatile memories (NVM), Internet of Things (IoT), FPGA, and Neural Networks.

Computer vision falls short of human vision in two respects: execution time and intelligent interpretation. This book addresses the question of execution time. It is based on a workshop on specialized processors for real-time image analysis, held as part of the activities of an ESPRIT Basic Research Action, the Working Group on Vision. The aim of the book is to examine the state of the art in vision-oriented computers. Two approaches are distinguished: multiprocessor systems and fine-grain massively parallel computers. The development of fine-grain machines has become more important over the last decade, but one of the main conclusions of the workshop is that this does not imply the replacement of multiprocessor machines. The book is divided into four parts. Part 1 introduces different architectures for vision: associative and pyramid processors as examples of fine-grain machines and a workstation with bus-oriented network topology as an example of a multiprocessor system. Parts 2 and 3 deal with the design and development of dedicated and specialized architectures. Part 4 is mainly devoted to applications, including road segmentation, mobile robot guidance and navigation, reconstruction and identification of 3D objects, and motion estimation.

This remarkable anthology allows the pioneers who orchestrated the major breakthroughs in operating system technology to describe their work in their own words. From the batch processing systems of the 1950s to the distributed systems of the 1990s, Tom Kilburn, David Howarth, Bill Lynch, Fernando Corbato, Robert Daley, Sandy Fraser, Dennis Ritchie, Ken Thompson, Edsger Dijkstra, Per Brinch Hansen, Soren Lauesen, Barbara Liskov, Joe Stoy, Christopher Strachey, Butler Lampson, David Redell, Brian Randell, Andrew Tanenbaum, and others describe the systems they designed. The volume details such classic operating systems as the Atlas, B5000, Exec II, Egdon, CTSS, Multics, Titan,Unix, THE, RC 4000, Venus, Boss 2, Solo, OS 6, Alto, Pilot, Star, WFS, Unix United, and Amoeba systems. An introductory essay on the evolution of operating systems summarizes the papers and helps puts them into a larger perspective. This provocative journey captures the historic contributions of operating systems to software design, concurrent programming, graphic user interfaces, file systems, personal computing, and distributed systems. It also fully portrays how operating systems designers think. It's ideal for everybody in the field, from students to professionals, academics to enthusiasts.