The book summarizes the results of the projects of the High Performance Computing Center Stuttgart (HLRS) for the year 2000. The most significant contributions have been selected in a scientific review process. Together they provide an overview of recent developments in high performance computing and simulation. Reflecting the close cooperation of the HLRS with industry, special emphasis has been put on the industrial relevance of the presented results and methods. The book therefore becomes a collection of showcases for an innovative combination of the state-of-the-art modeling, novel numerical algorithms and the use of leading edge high performance computing systems.

This book provides a practically applicable guide to designing evidence-based medical apps and mHealth interventions. It features detailed guidance and case studies where applicable on the best practices and available techniques from both technological (platform technologies, toolkits, sensors) and research perspectives. This approach enables the reader to develop a deep understanding of how to collect the appropriate data and work with users to build a user friendly app for their target audience. Information on how researchers and designers can communicate their intentions with a variety of stakeholders including medical practitioners, developers and researchers to ensure the best possible decisions are made during the development process to produce an app of optimal quality that also considers usability. Developing Medical Apps and mHealth Interventions comprehensively covers the development of medical and health apps for researchers, informaticians and physicians, and is a valuable resource for the experienced professional and trainee seeking a text on how to develop user friendly medical apps.

Load Balancing in Parallel Computers: Theory and Practice is about the essential software technique of load balancing in distributed memory message-passing parallel computers, also called multicomputers. Each processor has its own address space and has to communicate with other processors by message passing. In general, a direct, point-to-point interconnection network is used for the communications. Many commercial parallel computers are of this class, including the Intel Paragon, the Thinking Machine CM-5, and the IBM SP2. Load Balancing in Parallel Computers: Theory and Practice presents a comprehensive treatment of the subject using rigorous mathematical analyses and practical implementations. The focus is on nearest-neighbor load balancing methods in which every processor at every step is restricted to balancing its workload with its direct neighbours only. Nearest-neighbor methods are iterative in nature because a global balanced state can be reached through processors' successive local operations. Since nearest-neighbor methods have a relatively relaxed requirement for the spread of local load information across the system, they are flexible in terms of allowing one to control the balancing quality, effective for preserving communication locality, and can be easily scaled in parallel computers with a direct communication network. Load Balancing in Parallel Computers: Theory and Practice serves as an excellent reference source and may be used as a text for advanced courses on the subject.

Compiler technology is fundamental to computer science since it provides the means to implement many other tools. It is interesting that, in fact, many tools have a compiler framework - they accept input in a particular format, perform some processing and present output in another format. Such tools support the abstraction process and are crucial to productive systems development. The focus of Compiler Technology: Tools, Translators and Language Implementation is to enable quick development of analysis tools. Both lexical scanner and parser generator tools are provided as supplements to this book, since a hands-on approach to experimentation with a toy implementation aids in understanding abstract topics such as parse-trees and parse conflicts. Furthermore, it is through hands-on exercises that one discovers the particular intricacies of language implementation. Compiler Technology: Tools, Translators and Language Implementation is suitable as a textbook for an undergraduate or graduate level course on compiler technology, and as a reference for researchers and practitioners interested in compilers and language implementation.

Quality Electronic Design (QED)'s landscape spans a vast region where territories of many participating disciplines and technologies overlap. This book explores the latest trends in several key topics related to quality electronic design, with emphasis on Hardware Security, Cybersecurity, Machine Learning, and application of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The book includes topics in nonvolatile memories (NVM), Internet of Things (IoT), FPGA, and Neural Networks.

Written with graduate and advanced undergraduate students in mind, this textbook introduces computational logic from the foundations of first-order logic to state-of-the-art decision procedures for arithmetic, data structures, and combination theories. The textbook also presents a logical approach to engineering correct software. Verification exercises are given to develop the reader's facility in specifying and verifying software using logic. The treatment of verification concludes with an introduction to the static analysis of software, an important component of modern verification systems. The final chapter outlines courses of further study.

This book introduces readers to various radiation soft-error mechanisms such as soft delays, radiation induced clock jitter and pulses, and single event (SE) coupling induced effects. In addition to discussing various radiation hardening techniques for combinational logic, the author also describes new mitigation strategies targeting commercial designs. Coverage includes novel soft error mitigation techniques such as the Dynamic Threshold Technique and Soft Error Filtering based on Transmission gate with varied gate and body bias. The discussion also includes modeling of SE crosstalk noise, delay and speed-up effects. Various mitigation strategies to eliminate SE coupling effects are also introduced. Coverage also includes the reliability of low power energy-efficient designs and the impact of leakage power consumption optimizations on soft error robustness. The author presents an analysis of various power optimization techniques, enabling readers to make design choices that reduce static power consumption and improve soft error reliability at the same time.

This book covers the essential elements of parallel processing and parallel algorithms. It is unique in that it is a self-contained book covering everything fundamental of parallel processing from computer architecture to parallel programming and parallel algorithms. It is designed to function as a text for an undergraduate course in parallel processing, but also works well as a comprehensive reference for professionals interested in all phases of parallel processing and parallel programming.

In a world that is awash in ubiquitous technology, even the least tech-savvy know that we must take care how that technology affects individuals and society. That governments and organizations around the world now focus on these issues, that universities and research institutes in many different languages dedicate significant resources to study the issues, and that international professional organizations have adopted standards and directed resources toward ethical issues in technology is in no small part the result of the work of Simon Rogerson. - Chuck Huff, Professor of Social Psychology at Saint Olaf College, Northfield, Minnesota In 1995, Apple launched its first WWW server, Quick Time On-line. It was the year Microsoft released Internet Explorer and sold 7 million copies of Windows 95 in just 2 months. In March 1995, the author Simon Rogerson opened the first ETHICOMP conference with these words: We live in a turbulent society where there is social, political, economic and technological turbulence ... it is causing a vast amount of restructuring within all these organisations which impacts on individuals, which impacts on the way departments are set up, organisational hierarchies, job content, span of control, social interaction and so on and so forth. ... Information is very much the fuel of modern technological change. Almost anything now can be represented by the technology and transported to somewhere else. It's a situation where the more information a computer can process, the more of the world it can actually turn into information. That may well be very exciting, but it is also very concerning. That could be describing today. More than 25 years later, these issues are still at the forefront of how ethical digital technology can be developed and utilised. This book is an anthology of the author's work over the past 25 years of pioneering research in digital ethics. It is structured into five themes: Journey, Process, Product, Future and Education. Each theme commences with an introductory explanation of the papers, their relevance and their interrelationship. The anthology finishes with a concluding chapter which summarises the key messages and suggests what might happen in the future. Included in this chapter are insights from some younger leading academics who are part of the community charged with ensuring that ethical digital technology is realised.

Multithreaded Processor Design takes the unique approach of designing a multithreaded processor from the ground up. Every aspect is carefully considered to form a balanced design rather than making incremental changes to an existing design and then ignoring problem areas. The general purpose parallel computer is an elusive goal. Multithreaded processors have emerged as a promising solution to this conundrum by forming some amalgam of the commonplace control-flow (von Neumann) processor model with the more exotic data-flow approach. This new processor model offers many exciting possibilities and there is much research to be performed to make this technology widespread. Multithreaded processors utilize the simple and efficient sequential execution technique of control-flow, and also data-flow like concurrency primitives. This supports the conceptually simple but powerful idea of rescheduling rather than blocking when waiting for data, e.g. from large and distributed memories, thereby tolerating long data transmission latencies. This makes multiprocessing far more efficient because the cost of moving data between distributed memories and processors can be hidden by other activity. The same hardware mechanisms may also be used to synchronize interprocess communications to awaiting threads, thereby alleviating operating system overheads. Supporting synchronization and scheduling mechanisms in hardware naturally adds complexity. Consequently, existing multithreaded processor designs have tended to make incremental changes to existing control-flow processor designs to resolve some problems but not others. Multithreaded Processor Design serves as an excellent reference source and is suitable as a text for advanced courses in computer architecture dealing with the subject.

The material presented in this book originates from the first Eurographics Workshop on Graphics Hardware, held in Lisbon, Portugal, in August 1986. Leading experts in the field present the state of their ongoing graphics hardware projects and give their individual views of future developments. The final versions of the contributions are written in the light of in-depth discussions at the workshop. The book starts a series of EurographicSeminars volumes on the state-of-the-art of graphics hardware. This volume presents a unique collection of material which covers the following topics: workstation architectures, traffic simulators, hardware support for geometric modeling, ray-tracing. It therefore will be of interest to all computer graphics professionals wishing to gain a deeper knowledge of graphics hardware.

The study of the connections between mathematical automata and for mal logic is as old as theoretical computer science itself. In the founding paper of the subject, published in 1936, Turing showed how to describe the behavior of a universal computing machine with a formula of first order predicate logic, and thereby concluded that there is no algorithm for deciding the validity of sentences in this logic. Research on the log ical aspects of the theory of finite-state automata, which is the subject of this book, began in the early 1960's with the work of J. Richard Biichi on monadic second-order logic. Biichi's investigations were extended in several directions. One of these, explored by McNaughton and Papert in their 1971 monograph Counter-free Automata, was the characterization of automata that admit first-order behavioral descriptions, in terms of the semigroup theoretic approach to automata that had recently been developed in the work of Krohn and Rhodes and of Schiitzenberger. In the more than twenty years that have passed since the appearance of McNaughton and Papert's book, the underlying semigroup theory has grown enor mously, permitting a considerable extension of their results. During the same period, however, fundamental investigations in the theory of finite automata by and large fell out of fashion in the theoretical com puter science community, which moved to other concerns."

This book deals with analysis techniques for TCP, UDP, Web, and SOAP data transmission performance on the IoT cloud side, CSMA-type, and multi-hop data transmission performance on the IoT edge side, as well as gateway receives buffer and transmit packet assembly data transmission performance. As mathematical tools for the analysis of communication performance, universal analysis methods such as stochastic processes, queues, Markov processes, and communication traffic simulators are applied to actual examples, and their usage is described in detail. This book aims to provide lifelong skills for analyzing communication performance that will serve as the basis for the future evolution of the IoT.

Up to date with the fourth edition of PMI's Program Management Standard, PgMP (R) Practice Test Questions: 1000+ Practice Exam Questions for the PgMP (R) Examination contains more than 1,000 practice questions to help readers hone their knowledge and test their skills. It covers all five of the program management domains: Strategic Program Management, Program Management Life Cycle, Benefits Management, Stakeholder Management, and Governance. It also examines all of the sub domains of the lifecycle domain. With an easy-to-use format, this is an ideal resource for those preparing to take the PgMP (R) exam.

The book is aimed to foster knowledge based on Blockchain technology highlighting on the framework basics, operating principles and different incarnations. The fundamental problems encountered in existing blockchain architectures and means for removing those would be covered. It would also touch upon blockchain based IoT systems and applications. The book covers applications and use cases of blockchain technology for industrial IoT systems. In addition, methods for inducing computational intelligence into existing blockchain frameworks thereby thwarting most of the limitations are also discussed. The readers would benefit from the rich technical content in this rapidly emerging field thereby enabling a skilled workforce for the future.

At all educational levels, innovation is progressively becoming an intrinsic aspect of learning. The proliferation of mobile devices and sensor-based technologies increased the possibilities for learning and pushed it into institutions. One major challenge accompanying the growth in online education is that many teacher educators find themselves under pressure and underprepared to teach online courses. As online education continues to grow, curriculum and training that prepares teachers for online course design and delivery are critical. Mobile and Sensor-Based Technologies in Higher Education explores how mobile and sensor-based technologies are shaping higher education and creating a roadmap for harnessing artificial intelligence, online learning, distance learning, and other modern technologies to aid education. Covering key topics such as assessment, inclusive education, and social distancing, this reference work is ideal for policymakers, researchers, scholars, academicians, practitioners, instructors, and students.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the IFIP Industry Oriented Conferences held at the 20th World Computer Congress in Milano, Italy on September 7-10, 2008.

The IFIP series publishes state-of-the-art results in the sciences and technologies of information and communication. The scope of the series includes: foundations of computer science; software theory and practice; education; computer applications in technology; communication systems; systems modeling and optimization; information systems; computers and society; computer systems technology; security and protection in information processing systems; artificial intelligence; and human-computer interaction. Proceedings and post-proceedings of refereed international conferences in computer science and interdisciplinary fields are featured. These results often precede journal publication and represent the most current research. The principal aim of the IFIP series is to encourage education and the dissemination and exchange of information about all aspects of computing.

In Europe, standardization activities in healthcare informatics officially started in the 90s. The papers featured in this publication were presented at a conference which presented the current standing of important activities connected with healthcare informatics/telematics standards and to explore the ways of ensuring international coordination and cooperation worldwide. The publications shows interest from communities from Europe, United States, Australia and Japan. This guarantees the elaboration of high quality implementable healthcare informatics standards, which play an important role in the achievement of better healthcare to the benefit of the patient.

This book covers the latest approaches and results from reconfigurable computing architectures employed in the finance domain. So-called field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) have already shown to outperform standard CPU- and GPU-based computing architectures by far, saving up to 99% of energy depending on the compute tasks. Renowned authors from financial mathematics, computer architecture and finance business introduce the readers into today's challenges in finance IT, illustrate the most advanced approaches and use cases and present currently known methodologies for integrating FPGAs in finance systems together with latest results. The complete algorithm-to-hardware flow is covered holistically, so this book serves as a hands-on guide for IT managers, researchers and quants/programmers who think about integrating FPGAs into their current IT systems.

This volume comprises the edited proceedings of the 2006 CoreGRID Integration Workshop (CGIW'2006), held October 2006 in Krakow, Poland. A ?Network of Excellence? funded by the European Commission's Sixth Framework Program, CoreGRID, aims to strengthen and advance scientific and technological excellence in the area of Grid and Peer-to-Peer technologies by bringing together a critical mass of well-established researchers from 41 European research institutions. Achievements in European Research on Grid Systems covers, though is not limited to, the following topics: knowledge and data management; programming models; system architecture; Grid information, resource and workflow monitoring services; resource management and scheduling; systems, tools and environments; trust and security issues on the Grid. Designed for a professional audience of industry practitioners and researchers, Achievements in European Research on Grid Systems is also suitable for advanced-level students in computer science.

This book describes reversible computing from the standpoint of the theory of automata and computing. It investigates how reversibility can be effectively utilized in computing. A reversible computing system is a "backward deterministic" system such that every state of the system has at most one predecessor. Although its definition is very simple, it is closely related to physical reversibility, one of the fundamental microscopic laws of Nature. Authored by the leading scientist on the subject, this book serves as a valuable reference work for anyone working in reversible computation or in automata theory in general. This work deals with various reversible computing models at several different levels, which range from the microscopic to the macroscopic, and aims to clarify how computation can be carried out efficiently and elegantly in these reversible computing models. Because the construction methods are often unique and different from those in the traditional methods, these computing models as well as the design methods provide new insights for future computing systems. Organized bottom-up, the book starts with the lowest scale of reversible logic elements and circuits made from them. This is followed by reversible Turing machines, the most basic computationally universal machines, and some other types of reversible automata such as reversible multi-head automata and reversible counter machines. The text concludes with reversible cellular automata for massively parallel spatiotemporal computation. In order to help the reader have a clear understanding of each model, the presentations of all different models follow a similar pattern: the model is given in full detail, a short informal discussion is held on the role of different elements of the model, and an example with illustrations follows each model.

The workshop on Scalable Shared Memory Multiprocessors took place on May 26 and 27 1990 at the Stouffer Madison Hotel in Seattle, Washington as a prelude to the 1990 International Symposium on Computer Architecture. About 100 participants listened for two days to the presentations of 22 invited The motivation for this workshop was to speakers, from academia and industry. promote the free exchange of ideas among researchers working on shared-memory multiprocessor architectures. There was ample opportunity to argue with speakers, and certainly participants did not refrain a bit from doing so. Clearly, the problem of scalability in shared-memory multiprocessors is still a wide-open question. We were even unable to agree on a definition of "scalability." Authors had more than six months to prepare their manuscript, and therefore the papers included in this proceedings are refinements of the speakers' presentations, based on the criticisms received at the workshop. As a result, 17 authors contributed to these proceedings. We wish to thank them for their diligence and care. The contributions in these proceedings can be partitioned into four categories 1. Access Order and Synchronization 2. Performance 3. Cache Protocols and Architectures 4. Distributed Shared Memory Particular topics on which new ideas and results are presented in these proceedings include: efficient schemes for combining networks, formal specification of shared memory models, correctness of trace-driven simulations, synchronization, various coherence protocols, ."

This book covers the state-of-the-art research in design of modern electronic systems used in safety-critical applications such as medical devices, aircraft flight control, and automotive systems. The authors discuss lifetime reliability of digital systems, as well as an overview of the latest research in the field of reliability-aware design of integrated circuits. They address modeling approaches and techniques for evaluation and improvement of lifetime reliability for nano-scale CMOS digital circuits, as well as design algorithms that are the cornerstone of Computer Aided Design (CAD) of reliable VLSI circuits. In addition to developing lifetime reliability analysis and techniques for clocked storage elements (such as flip-flops), the authors also describe analysis and improvement strategies targeting commercial digital circuits.

This book records the author's years of experience in the software industry. In his own practices, the author has found that the distributed work pattern has become increasingly popular in more and more work environments, either between vendors and customers or between different teams inside a company. This means that all practitioners in the software industry need to adapt to this new way of communication and collaboration and get skilled enough to meet the greater challenges in integrating the distributed work pattern with agile software delivery. By centering on the difficulties in communication and collaboration between distributed teams, this book digs into the reasons why so many remote delivery projects end up anticlimactic and provides solutions for readers' reference. It also cites successful cases in promoting agile development in distributed teams, which has been a vexing problem for many software development companies. In addition, readers can find suggestions and measures for building self-managing teams in this book. Remote Delivery: A Guide to Software Delivery through Collaboration between Distributed Teams is a very practical guide for software delivery teams with their members distributed in different places and companies engaged in software customization. Developers, QAs, product managers, and project leaders can also be inspired by this book.

The International Workshop on "The Use of Supercomputers in Theoretical Science" took place on January 24 and 25, 1991, at the University of Antwerp (UIA), Antwerpen, Belgium. It was the sixth in a series of workshops, the fIrst of which took place in 1984. The principal aim of these workshops is to present the state of the art in scientific large-scale and high speed-computation. Computational science has developed into a third methodology equally important now as its theoretical and experimental companions. Gradually academic researchers acquired access to a variety of supercomputers and as a consequence computational science has become a major tool for their work. It is a pleasure to thank the Belgian National Science Foundation (NFWO-FNRS) and the Ministry of ScientifIc Affairs for sponsoring the workshop. It was organized both in the framework of the Third Cycle "Vectorization, Parallel Processing and Supercomputers" and the "Governemental Program in Information Technology." We also very much would like to thank the University of Antwerp (Universitaire Instelling Antwerpen -VIA) for fInancial and material support. Special thanks are due to Mrs. H. Evans for the typing and editing of the manuscripts and for the preparation of the author and subject indexes. J.T. Devreese P.E. Van Camp University of Antwerp July 1991 v CONlENTS High Perfonnance Numerically Intensive Applications on Distributed Memory Parallel Computers .................... . F.W. Wray Abstract ......................................... .