This book is structured in a practical, example-driven, manner. The use of VHDL for constructing logic synthesisers is one of the aims of the book; the second is the application of the tools to the design process. Worked examples, questions and answers are provided together with do and don'ts of good practice. An appendix on logic design the source code are available free of charge over the Internet.

Artificial Intelligence is entering the mainstream of com- puter applications and as techniques are developed and integrated into a wide variety of areas they are beginning to tax the pro- cessing power of conventional architectures. To meet this demand, specialized architectures providing support for the unique features of symbolic processing languages are emerging. The goal of the research presented here is to show that an archi- tecture specialized for Prolog can achieve a ten-fold improve- ment in performance over conventional, general-purpose architec- tures. This book presents such an architecture for high perfor- mance execution of Prolog programs. The architecture is based on the abstract machine descrip- tion introduced by David H.D. Warren known as the Warren Abstract Machine (W AM). The execution model of the W AM is described and extended to provide a complete Instruction Set Architecture (lSA) for Prolog known as the PLM. This ISA is then realized in a microarchitecture and finally in a hardware design. The work described here represents one of the first efforts to implement the W AM model in hardware. The approach taken is that of direct implementation of the high level WAM instruction set in hardware resulting in a elSe style archi- tecture.

This book serves a dual purpose: firstly to combine the treatment of circuits and digital electronics, and secondly, to establish a strong connection with the contemporary world of digital systems. The need for this approach arises from the observation that introducing digital electronics through a course in traditional circuit analysis is fast becoming obsolete. Our world has gone digital. Automata theory helps with the design of digital circuits such as parts of computers, telephone systems and control systems. A complete perspective is emphasized, because even the most elegant computer architecture will not function without adequate supporting circuits. The focus is on explaining the real-world implementation of complete digital systems. In doing so, the reader is prepared to immediately begin design and implementation work. This work serves as a bridge to take readers from the theoretical world to the everyday design world where solutions must be complete to be successful.

This book introduces readers to various threats faced during design and fabrication by today's integrated circuits (ICs) and systems. The authors discuss key issues, including illegal manufacturing of ICs or "IC Overproduction," insertion of malicious circuits, referred as "Hardware Trojans", which cause in-field chip/system malfunction, and reverse engineering and piracy of hardware intellectual property (IP). The authors provide a timely discussion of these threats, along with techniques for IC protection based on hardware obfuscation, which makes reverse-engineering an IC design infeasible for adversaries and untrusted parties with any reasonable amount of resources. This exhaustive study includes a review of the hardware obfuscation methods developed at each level of abstraction (RTL, gate, and layout) for conventional IC manufacturing, new forms of obfuscation for emerging integration strategies (split manufacturing, 2.5D ICs, and 3D ICs), and on-chip infrastructure needed for secure exchange of obfuscation keys- arguably the most critical element of hardware obfuscation.

This book presents some of the latest applications of new theories based on the concept of paraconsistency and correlated topics in informatics, such as pattern recognition (bioinformatics), robotics, decision-making themes, and sample size. Each chapter is self-contained, and an introductory chapter covering the logic theoretical basis is also included. The aim of the text is twofold: to serve as an introductory text on the theories and applications of new logic, and as a textbook for undergraduate or graduate-level courses in AI. Today AI frequently has to cope with problems of vagueness, incomplete and conflicting (inconsistent) information. One of the most notable formal theories for addressing them is paraconsistent (paracomplete and non-alethic) logic.

Per Martin-Loef's work on the development of constructive type theory has been of huge significance in the fields of logic and the foundations of mathematics. It is also of broader philosophical significance, and has important applications in areas such as computing science and linguistics. This volume draws together contributions from researchers whose work builds on the theory developed by Martin-Loef over the last twenty-five years. As well as celebrating the anniversary of the birth of the subject it covers many of the diverse fields which are now influenced by type theory. It is an invaluable record of areas of current activity, but also contains contributions from N. G. de Bruijn and William Tait, both important figures in the early development of the subject. Also published for the first time is one of Per Martin-Loef's earliest papers.

Mining Very Large Databases with Parallel Processing addresses the problem of large-scale data mining. It is an interdisciplinary text, describing advances in the integration of three computer science areas, namely intelligent' (machine learning-based) data mining techniques, relational databases and parallel processing. The basic idea is to use concepts and techniques of the latter two areas - particularly parallel processing - to speed up and scale up data mining algorithms. The book is divided into three parts. The first part presents a comprehensive review of intelligent data mining techniques such as rule induction, instance-based learning, neural networks and genetic algorithms. Likewise, the second part presents a comprehensive review of parallel processing and parallel databases. Each of these parts includes an overview of commercially-available, state-of-the-art tools. The third part deals with the application of parallel processing to data mining. The emphasis is on finding generic, cost-effective solutions for realistic data volumes. Two parallel computational environments are discussed, the first excluding the use of commercial-strength DBMS, and the second using parallel DBMS servers. It is assumed that the reader has a knowledge roughly equivalent to a first degree (BSc) in accurate sciences, so that (s)he is reasonably familiar with basic concepts of statistics and computer science. The primary audience for Mining Very Large Databases with Parallel Processing is industry data miners and practitioners in general, who would like to apply intelligent data mining techniques to large amounts of data. The book will also be of interest to academic researchers and postgraduate students, particularly database researchers, interested in advanced, intelligent database applications, and artificial intelligence researchers interested in industrial, real-world applications of machine learning.

Now in its fifth edition, bridges the gap between the technical specifications and the real world of designing and programming devices that connect over the Universal Serial Bus (USB). Readers will learn how to select the appropriate USB speed, device class, and hardware for a device; communicate with devices using Visual C# and Visual Basic; use standard host drivers to access devices, including devices that perform vendor-defined tasks; save power with USB's built-in power-conserving protocols; and create robust designs using testing and debugging tools. This fully revised edition also includes instruction on how to increase bus speed with SuperSpeed and SuperSpeedPlus, implement wireless communications, and develop for USB On-The-Go and embedded hosts.

We planned this book as a Festschrift for Smitty Stevens because we thought he might be retiring around 1974, although we knew very well that only death or deep illness would stop Smitty from doing science. Death came suddenly, unexpectedly - after a full day of skiing at Vail, Colorado on the annual trip with wife Didi to the Winter Conference on Brain Research. Smitty liked winter conferences near ski resorts and often tried to get us other psychophysicists to organize one. Every person is unique. Smitty would have said it's mainly because each of us has so many genes that two combinations just alike would be well-nigh impossible. But most of us strive in many ways to be like others, and to abide by the norms (some smaller number try even harder to be unlike other people); as a result many persons seem to lose their uniqueness, their individuality. Not Smitty. He tried neither to be like others nor to be different. He took himself as he found himself, and ascribed peculiarities, strengths, and weaknesses to his pioneering Utah forebears, in whom he took much pride. His was the true and right nonconformity. He approached each task, each problem, ready to grapple with the facts and set them into meaningful order. And if the answer he came up with was different from everyone else's, well that was too bad.

Hardware verification is a hot topic in circuit and system design due to rising circuit complexity. This advanced textbook presents an almost complete overview of techniques for hardware verification. It covers all approaches used in existing tools, such as binary and word-level decision diagrams, symbolic methods for equivalence checking, and temporal logic model checking, and introduces the use of higher-order logic theorem proving for verifying circuit correctness. It enables the reader to understand the advantages and limitations of each technique. Each chapter contains an introduction and a summary as well as a section for the advanced reader. Thus a broad audience is addressed, from beginners in system design to experts.

In brief summary, the following results were presented in this work: * A linear time approach was developed to find register requirements for any specified CS schedule or filled MRT. * An algorithm was developed for finding register requirements for any kernel that has a dependence graph that is acyclic and has no data reuse on machines with depth independent instruction templates. * We presented an efficient method of estimating register requirements as a function of pipeline depth. * We developed a technique for efficiently finding bounds on register require ments as a function of pipeline depth. * Presented experimental data to verify these new techniques. * discussed some interesting design points for register file size on a number of different architectures. REFERENCES [1] Robert P. Colwell, Robert P. Nix, John J O'Donnell, David B Papworth, and Paul K. Rodman. A VLIW Architecture for a Trace Scheduling Com piler. In Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, pages 180-192, 1982. [2] C. Eisenbeis, W. Jalby, and A. Lichnewsky. Compile-Time Optimization of Memory and Register Usage on the Cray-2. In Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Languages and Compilers, Urbana l/inois, August 1989. [3] C. Eisenbeis, William Jalby, and Alain Lichnewsky. Squeezing More CPU Performance Out of a Cray-2 by Vector Block Scheduling. In Proceedings of Supercomputing '88, pages 237-246, 1988. [4] Michael J. Flynn. Very High-Speed Computing Systems. Proceedings of the IEEE, 54:1901-1909, December 1966.

This book constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the 15th IFIP WG 5.1 International Conference on Product Lifecycle Management, PLM 2018, held in Turin, Spain, in July 2018. The 72 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 82 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: building information modeling; collaborative environments and new product development; PLM for digital factories and cyber physical systems; ontologies and data models; education in the field of industry 4.0; product-service systems and smart products; lean organization for industry 4.0; knowledge management and information sharing; PLM infrastructure and implementation; PLM maturity, implementation and adoption; 3D printing and additive manufacturing; and modular design and products and configuration and change management.

A quality-driven design and verification flow for digital systems is developed and presented in Quality-Driven SystemC Design. Two major enhancements characterize the new flow: First, dedicated verification techniques are integrated which target the different levels of abstraction. Second, each verification technique is complemented by an approach to measure the achieved verification quality. The new flow distinguishes three levels of abstraction (namely system level, top level and block level) and can be incorporated in existing approaches. After reviewing the preliminary concepts, in the following chapters the three levels for modeling and verification are considered in detail. At each level the verification quality is measured. In summary, following the new design and verification flow a high overall quality results.

Discover everything you want to know about using your computer in this easy-to-use guide - from the most essential tasks that you'll want to perform, to solving the most common problems you'll encounter.

Recently, the pressure for fast processing and efficient storage of large data with complexrelations increased beyond the capability of traditional databases. Typical examples include iPhone applications, computer aided design - both electrical and mechanical, biochemistry applications, and incremental compilers. Serialization, which is sometimes used in such situations is notoriously tedious and error prone.

In this book, Jiri Soukup and Petr Macha ek show in detail how to write programs which store their internal data automatically and transparently to disk. Together with special data structure libraries which treat relations among objects as first-class entities, and with a UML class-diagram generator, the core application code is much simplified. The benchmark chapter shows a typical example where persistent data is faster by the order of magnitude than with a traditional database, in both traversing and accessing the data.

The authors explore and exploit advanced features of object-oriented languages in a depth hardly seen in print before. Yet, you as a reader need only a basic knowledge of C++, Java, C#, or Objective C. These languages are quite similar with respect to persistency, and the authors explain their differences where necessary.

The book targets professional programmers working on any industry applications, it teaches you how to design your own persistent data or how to use the existing packages efficiently. Researchers in areas like language design, compiler construction, performance evaluation, and no-SQL applications will find a wealth of novel ideas and valuable implementation tips. Under http: //www.codefarms.com/bk, you will find a blog and other information, including a downloadable zip file with the sources of all the listings that are longer than just a few lines - ready to compile and run."

Aimed at people over the age of 50 and written by an expert in the field, Joli Ballew, this book covers the topic of laptop computers.

This book provides readers with a comprehensive introduction to physical inspection-based approaches for electronics security. The authors explain the principles of physical inspection techniques including invasive, non-invasive and semi-invasive approaches and how they can be used for hardware assurance, from IC to PCB level. Coverage includes a wide variety of topics, from failure analysis and imaging, to testing, machine learning and automation, reverse engineering and attacks, and countermeasures.

This volume contains papers presented at the NATO sponsored Advanced Research Workshop on "Software for Parallel Computation" held at the University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy, from June 22 to June 26, 1992. The purpose of the workshop was to evaluate the current state-of-the-art of the software for parallel computation, identify the main factors inhibiting practical applications of parallel computers and suggest possible remedies. In particular it focused on parallel software, programming tools, and practical experience of using parallel computers for solving demanding problems. Critical issues relative to the practical use of parallel computing included: portability, reusability and debugging, parallelization of sequential programs, construction of parallel algorithms, and performance of parallel programs and systems. In addition to NATO, the principal sponsor, the following organizations provided a generous support for the workshop: CERFACS, France, C.I.R.A., Italy, C.N.R., Italy, University of Calabria, Italy, ALENIA, Italy, The Boeing Company, U.S.A., CISE, Italy, ENEL - D.S.R., Italy, Alliant Computer Systems, Bull RN Sud, Italy, Convex Computer, Digital Equipment Corporation, Rewlett Packard, Meiko Scientific, U.K., PARSYTEC Computer, Germany, TELMAT Informatique, France, Thinking Machines Corporation.

For real-time systems, the worst-case execution time (WCET) is the key objective to be considered. Traditionally, code for real-time systems is generated without taking this objective into account and the WCET is computed only after code generation. Worst-Case Execution Time Aware Compilation Techniques for Real-Time Systems presents the first comprehensive approach integrating WCET considerations into the code generation process. Based on the proposed reconciliation between a compiler and a timing analyzer, a wide range of novel optimization techniques is provided. Among others, the techniques cover source code and assembly level optimizations, exploit machine learning techniques and address the design of modern systems that have to meet multiple objectives.

Using these optimizations, the WCET of real-time applications can be reduced by about 30% to 45% on the average. This opens opportunities for decreasing clock speeds, costs and energy consumption of embedded processors. The proposed techniques can be used for all types real-time systems, including automotive and avionics IT systems.

This book provides a hands-on, application-oriented guide to the language and methodology of both SystemVerilog Assertions and SytemVerilog Functional Coverage. Readers will benefit from the step-by-step approach to functional hardware verification, which will enable them to uncover hidden and hard to find bugs, point directly to the source of the bug, provide for a clean and easy way to model complex timing checks and objectively answer the question 'have we functionally verified everything'. Written by a professional end-user of both SystemVerilog Assertions and SystemVerilog Functional Coverage, this book explains each concept with easy to understand examples, simulation logs and applications derived from real projects. Readers will be empowered to tackle the modeling of complex checkers for functional verification, thereby drastically reducing their time to design and debug.

This book brings together a selection of the best papers from the thirteenth edition of the Forum on specification and Design Languages Conference (FDL), which was held in Southampton, UK in September 2010. FDL is a well established international forum devoted to dissemination of research results, practical experiences and new ideas in the application of specification, design and verification languages to the design, modelling and verification of integrated circuits, complex hardware/software embedded systems, and mixed-technology systems.

This volume contains the papers presented at the Fifth International Workshop on Database Machines. The papers cover a wide spectrum of topics on Database Machines and Knowledge Base Machines. Reports of major projects, ECRC, MCC, and ICOT are included. Topics on DBM cover new database machine architectures based on vector processing and hypercube parallel processing, VLSI oriented architecture, filter processor, sorting machine, concurrency control mechanism for DBM, main memory database, interconnection network for DBM, and performance evaluation. In this workshop much more attention was given to knowledge base management as compared to the previous four workshops. Many papers discuss deductive database processing. Architectures for semantic network, prolog, and production system were also proposed. We would like to express our deep thanks to all those who contributed to the success of the workshop. We would also like to express our apprecia tion for the valuable suggestions given to us by Prof. D. K. Hsiao, Prof. D."

Despite the ample number of articles on parallel-vector computational algorithms published over the last 20 years, there is a lack of texts in the field customized for senior undergraduate and graduate engineering research. Parallel-Vector Equation Solvers for Finite Element Engineering Applications aims to fill this gap, detailing both the theoretical development and important implementations of equation-solution algorithms. The mathematical background necessary to understand their inception balances well with descriptions of their practical uses. Illustrated with a number of state-of-the-art FORTRAN codes developed as examples for the book, Dr. Nguyen's text is a perfect choice for instructors and researchers alike.

Say hello to your iMac with this bestselling guide Excited to put your cool iMac through its paces? Go ahead! Say "Hey Siri" to look up information, use the large monitor to play a game or watch a movie, share documents with your iPhone or iPad, or video chat with friends or family. With its optimized system speed, your iMac can keep up with anything you want to do. How cool is that? Your iMac comes stuffed with features, and iMac For Dummies is your tour guide to explore all of them! This updated handbook has you covered, no matter if you need to work or want to play. You can: Scroll, tap, and swipe your way through the Mac operating system Set up Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and other settings in Control Center Say "Hey Siri" to have the Apple assistant search for information or launch apps Play video games, music, movies, or TV Stay in touch with people through Messages and Facetime Use productivity apps, including Numbers, Pages, and Keynote Sync to iCloud and across all your Apple devices The all-in-one design of the iMac with its monitor, processor, graphics card, and internal drive makes it ideal for work and entertainment. Pick up your copy of this comprehensive guide to the iMac, filled with screenshots and how-to steps, and ensure you use your iMac to its full potential.