The IT community has always struggled with questions concerning the value of an organizationa (TM)s investment in software and hardware. It is the goal of value-based software engineering (VBSE) to develop models and measures of value which are of use for managers, developers and users as they make tradeoff decisions between, for example, quality and cost or functionality and schedule a" such decisions must be economically feasible and comprehensible to the stakeholders with differing value perspectives. VBSE has its roots in work on software engineering economics, pioneered by Barry Boehm in the early 1980s. However, the emergence of a wider scope that defines VBSE is more recent. VBSE extends the merely technical ISO software engineering definition with elements not only from economics, but also from cognitive science, finance, management science, behavioural sciences, and decision sciences, giving rise to a truly multi-disciplinary framework.

Biffl and his co-editors invited leading researchers and structured their contributions into three parts, following an introduction into the area by Boehm himself. They first detail the foundations of VBSE, followed by a presentation of state-of-the-art methods and techniques. The third part demonstrates the benefits of VBSE through concrete examples and case studies.

This book deviates from the more anecdotal style of many management-oriented software engineering books and so appeals particularly to all readers who are interested in solid foundations for high-level aspects of software engineering decision making, i.e. to product or project managers driven by economics and to software engineering researchers and students.

It's a plain fact: regardless of how smart, creative, and innovative your organization is, there are more smart, creative, and innovative people outside your organization than inside. Open source offers the possibility of bringing more innovation into your business by building a creative community that reaches beyond the barriers of the business. The key is developing a web-driven community where new types of collaboration and creativity can flourish. Since 1998 Ron Goldman and Richard Gabriel have been helping groups at Sun Microsystems understand open source and advising them on how to build successful communities around open source projects. In this book the authors present lessons learned from their own experiences with open source, as well as those from other well-known projects such as Linux, Apache, and Mozilla.
* Winner of 2006 Jolt Productivity Award for General Books
* Describes how open source development works and offers persuasive reasons for using it to help achieve business goals.
* Shows how to use open source in day-to-day work, discusses the various licenses in use, and describes what makes for a successful project.
* Written in an engaging style for executives, managers, and engineers that addresses the human and business issues involved in open source development as well as its history, philosophy, and future

Current thinking about how to improve strategic planning (now upgraded to strategic thinking) and decision making by managers at all levels is to employ some aspect of information systems technology. Although this approach has worked well for most organizations, chief executives are now asking their managers to do what they do best but to do it better. But how? Future thinking about improving strategic thinking and decision making involves integrating creativity with the latest in information systems. Hence, the power of the computer can be an important means to assist managers in doing what they do better when employing a creative computer software approach.

Initially, the text looks at a number of areas that are impacted by creativity, with special emphasis on creative computer software. Management decision making is examined from a problem-finding or a forward-looking viewpoint that can benefit from utilizing creative computer software. Not only is this software useful for organizing ideas, but also for getting managers involved in networking ideas in different locations of a company. But more importantly, this software centers on the generation of new ideas. To demonstrate the generation of these ideas, the final part of the text gives a number of real-world applications of creative computer software. Particular emphasis is placed on Idea Fisher 4.0, an effective software package for generating new products and services.

Nash equilibrium is the central solution concept in Game Theory. Since Nash's original paper in 1951, it has found countless applications in modeling strategic behavior of traders in markets, (human) drivers and (electronic) routers in congested networks, nations in nuclear disarmament negotiations, and more. A decade ago, the relevance of this solution concept was called into question by computer scientists, who proved (under appropriate complexity assumptions) that computing a Nash equilibrium is an intractable problem. And if centralized, specially designed algorithms cannot find Nash equilibria, why should we expect distributed, selfish agents to converge to one? The remaining hope was that at least approximate Nash equilibria can be efficiently computed.Understanding whether there is an efficient algorithm for approximate Nash equilibrium has been the central open problem in this field for the past decade. In this book, we provide strong evidence that even finding an approximate Nash equilibrium is intractable. We prove several intractability theorems for different settings (two-player games and many-player games) and models (computational complexity, query complexity, and communication complexity). In particular, our main result is that under a plausible and natural complexity assumption ("Exponential Time Hypothesis for PPAD"), there is no polynomial-time algorithm for finding an approximate Nash equilibrium in two-player games. The problem of approximate Nash equilibrium in a two-player game poses a unique technical challenge: it is a member of the class PPAD, which captures the complexity of several fundamental total problems, i.e., problems that always have a solution; and it also admits a quasipolynomial time algorithm. Either property alone is believed to place this problem far below NP-hard problems in the complexity hierarchy; having both simultaneously places it just above P, at what can be called the frontier of intractability. Indeed, the tools we develop in this book to advance on this frontier are useful for proving hardness of approximation of several other important problems whose complexity lies between P and NP: Brouwer's fixed point, market equilibrium, CourseMatch (A-CEEI), densest k-subgraph, community detection, VC dimension and Littlestone dimension, and signaling in zero-sum games.

Austin Sincock provides step-by-step real-world examples for developing Enterprise Java applications on SAP. His is the first title that uses open-source software to help developers learn and use Java for SAP. Bridges the gap between SAP's language ABAP and object-oriented Java Provides a complete look at SAP's Java connector, JCo Demonstrates graphical application development for SAP using Java's Swing libraries Shows how to deploy and build Java applications on the Tomcat Java application server Teaches how to deploy the Java-based HypersonicSQL database, use SQL to populate the database, and tie the external database into an SAP system with Java

During maintenance of a software system, not all questions can be answered directly by resorting to otherwise reliable and accurate source code. Reverse engineering aims at extracting abstract, goal-oriented views of the system, able to summarize relevant properties of the program's computations. Reverse Engineering of Object-Oriented Code provides a comprehensive overview of several techniques that have been recently investigated in the field of reverse engineering. The book describes the algorithms involved in recovering UML diagrams from the code and the techniques that can be adopted for their visualization. This is important because the UML has become the standard for representing design diagrams in object-oriented development. A state-of-the-art exposition on how to design object-oriented code and accompanying algorithms that can be reverse engineered for greater flexibility in future code maintenance and alteration. Essential object-oriented concepts and programming methods for software engineers and researchers.

This volume provides an overview of current work in software engineering techniques that can enhance the quality of software. The chapters of this volume, organized by key topic area, create an agenda for the IFIP Working Conference on Software Engineering Techniques, SET 2006. The seven sections of the volume address the following areas: software architectures, modeling, project management, software quality, analysis and verification methods, data management, and software maintenance.

This book provides the basic theory, techniques, and algorithms of modern cryptography that are applicable to network and cyberspace security. It consists of the following nine main chapters: Chapter 1 provides the basic concepts and ideas of cyberspace and cyberspace security, Chapters 2 and 3 provide an introduction to mathematical and computational preliminaries, respectively. Chapters 4 discusses the basic ideas and system of secret-key cryptography, whereas Chapters 5, 6, and 7 discuss the basic ideas and systems of public-key cryptography based on integer factorization, discrete logarithms, and elliptic curves, respectively. Quantum-safe cryptography is presented in Chapter 8 and offensive cryptography, particularly cryptovirology, is covered in Chapter 9. This book can be used as a secondary text for final-year undergraduate students and first-year postgraduate students for courses in Computer, Network, and Cyberspace Security. Researchers and practitioners working in cyberspace security and network security will also find this book useful as a reference.

Many decisions are required throughout the software development process. These decisions, and to some extent the decision-making process itself, can best be documented as the rationale for the system, which will reveal not only what was done during development but the reasons behind the choices made and alternatives considered and rejected. This information becomes increasingly critical as software development becomes more distributed and encompasses the corporate knowledge both used and refined during the development process. The capture of rationale helps to ensure that decisions are well thought out and justified and the use of rationale can help avoid the mistakes of the past during both the development of the current system and when software products (architecture and design, as well as code) are reused in future systems.

Burge, Carroll, McCall, and Mistrik describe in detail the capture and use of design rationale in software engineering to improve the quality of software. Their book is the first comprehensive and unified treatment of rationale usage in software engineering. It provides a consistent conceptual framework and a unified terminology for comparing, contrasting and combining the myriad approaches to rationale in software engineering. It is both an excellent introductory text for those new to the field and a uniquely valuable reference for experienced rationale researchers. The book covers the use of rationale for decision making throughout the software lifecycle, starting from the first decisions in a project and continuing through requirements definition, design, implementation, testing, maintenance, redesign and reuse."

Agent-based modeling/simulation is an emerging field that uses bottom-up and experimental analysis in the social sciences. Selected research from that presented at the Third International Workshop on Agent-Based Approaches in Economic and Social Complex Systems 2004, held in May 2004 in Kyoto, Japan, is included in this book. The aim of the workshop was to employ the bottom-up approach to social and economic problems by modeling, simulation, and analysis using a software agent. This research area is an emerging interdisciplinary field among the social sciences and computer science, attracting broad attention because it introduces a simulation-based experimental approach to problems that are becoming increasingly complex in an era of globalization and innovation in information technology. The state-of-the-art research and findings presented in this book will be indispensable tools for anyone involved in this rapidly growing discipline.

Information Processing and Security Systems is a collection of forty papers that were originally presented at an international multi-conference on Advanced Computer Systems (ACS) and Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management Applications (CISIM) held in Elk, Poland. This volume describes the latest developments in advanced computer systems and their applications within artificial intelligence, biometrics and information technology security. The volume also includes contributions on computational methods, algorithms and applications, computational science, education and industrial management applications.

The security of software systems in recent years has been transformed from a mono-dimensional technical challenge to a multi-dimensional technico-social challenge, due to the wide usage of software systems in almost every area of the human life. This situation requires a different and more holistic approach to the development of secure software systems. Software Engineering for Secure Systems: Industrial and Research Perspectives presents the most recent and innovative lines of research and industrial practice related to secure software engineering. The book provides coverage of recent advances in the area of secure software engineering that address the various stages of the development process from requirements to design to testing to implementation. Contributions offer a comprehensive understanding secure software engineering, inspire and motivate further research and development, and bridge the gap between academic research and industrial practice.

Form-based applications range from simple web shops to complex enterprise resource planning systems. Draheim and Weber adapt well-established basic modeling techniques in a novel way to achieve a modeling framework optimized for this broad application domain. They introduce new modeling artifacts, such as page diagrams and form storyboards, and separate dialogue patterns to allow for reuse. In their implementation they have developed new constructs such as typed server pages, and tools for forward and reverse engineering of presentation layers. The methodology is explained using an online bookshop as a running example in which the user can experience the modeling concepts in action.

The combination of theoretical achievements and hands-on practical advice and tools makes this book a reference work for both researchers in the areas of software architectures and submit-response style user interfaces, and professionals designing and developing such applications. More information and additional material is also available online.

Broadband Satellite Communication Systems and the Challenges of Mobility is an essential reference for both academic and professional researchers in the field of telecommunications, computer networking and wireless networks.

Recently the request of multimedia services has been rapidly increasing and satellite networks appear to be attractive for a fast service deployment and for extending the typical service area of terrestrial systems. In comparison with traditional wide area networks, a characteristic of satellite communication systems is their ability in broadcasting and multicasting multimedia information flows anywhere over the satellite coverage. The papers presented in this volume highlight key areas such as Satellite Network Architectures, Services and Applications; Mobile Satellite Systems and Services; and Hybrid Satellite and Terrestrial Networks.

Mobility will inevitably be one of the main characteristics of future networks, terminals and applications and, thus, extending and integrating fixed network protocols and services to mobile systems represents one of the main issues of present networking. The secondary focus of this volume is on challenges of mobility, that is, on technologies, protocols and services for the support of seamless and nomadic user access to new classes of applications in person-to-person, device-to-device and device-to-person environments. The book comprises recent results of research and development in the following areas; Seamless mobility; Mobile ad hoc and sensor networks; Analysis, simulation and measurements of mobile and wireless systems; Integration and inter-working of wired and wireless networks; QoS in mobile and wireless networks; Future trends and issues concerning mobility.

This state -of-the-art volume contains a collection of papers from two of the workshops of the 18th IFIP World Computer Congress, held August 22-27, 2004, in Toulouse, France: the Workshop on Broadband Satellite Communication Systems, and the Workshop on the Challenges of Mobility.

"Power SAS: A Survival Guide" is designed to provide the millions of SAS users with the largest and most comprehensive collection of SAS tips and techniques ever offered. Kirk Lafler is an Internet and software consultant with 25 years of experience providing clients around the world with innovative technical solutions and training. Kirk's tips will help you leverage features of SAS that even the most experienced SAS users may not know.

Whether you read it cover to cover, browse through it in your free time, or use it as a reference by looking up pertinent tips, this book is an invaluable self-help resource for working smarter, and for troubleshooting and resolving SAS problems and errors. The book's organization makes it easy for SAS users of all experience levelsprogrammers, statisticians, database programmers and administrators, technical managers, technical support staff, and studentsto find what they need. The nine chapters cover SAS basics, data access, data step programming, data manipulation, data management, data presentation, efficiency and performance, configuration and support, and SAS 9.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post conference proceedings of the 6th IFIP WG 9.2, 9.6/11.7, 11.4, 11.6/PrimeLife International Summer School, held in Helsingborg, Sweden, in August 2010. The 27 revised papers were carefully selected from numerous submissions during two rounds of reviewing. They are organized in topical sections on terminology, privacy metrics, ethical, social, and legal aspects, data protection and identity management, eID cards and eID interoperability, emerging technologies, privacy for eGovernment and AAL applications, social networks and privacy, privacy policies, and usable privacy.

This book contains extended and revised versions of the best papers presented at the 18th IFIP WG 10.5/IEEE International Conference on Very Large Scale Integration, VLSI-SoC 2010, held in Madrid, Spain, in September 2010. The 14 papers included in the book were carefully reviewed and selected from the 52 full papers presented at the conference. The papers cover a wide variety of excellence in VLSI technology and advanced research. They address the current trend toward increasing chip integration and technology process advancements bringing about stimulating new challenges both at the physical and system-design levels, as well as in the test of theses systems.

This book presents a comprehensive introduction to Internetware, covering aspects ranging from the fundamental principles and engineering methodologies to operational platforms, quality measurements and assurance and future directions. It also includes guidelines and numerous representative real-world case studies that serve as an invaluable reference resource for software engineers involved in the development of Internetware applications. Providing a detailed analysis of current trends in modern software engineering in the Internet, it offers an essential blueprint and an important contribution to the research on software engineering and systems for future Internet computing.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second IFIP WG 5.5/SOCOLNET Doctoral Conference on Computing, Electrical and Industrial Systems, DoCEIS 2011, held in Costa de Caparica, Portugal, in February 2011. The 67 revised full papers were carefully selected from numerous submissions. They cover a wide spectrum of topics ranging from collaborative enterprise networks to microelectronics. The papers are organized in topical sections on collaborative networks, service-oriented systems, computational intelligence, robotic systems, Petri nets, sensorial and perceptional systems, sensorial systems and decision, signal processing, fault-tolerant systems, control systems, energy systems, electrical machines, and electronics.

One of the world s leading problems in the field of national security is protection of borders and borderlands. This book addresses multiple issues on advanced innovative methods of multi-level control of both ground (UGVs) and aerial drones (UAVs). Those objects combined with innovative algorithms become autonomous objects capable of patrolling chosen borderland areas by themselves and automatically inform the operator of the system about potential place of detection of a specific incident. This is achieved by using sophisticated

methods of generation of non-collision trajectory for those types of objects and enabling automatic integration of both ground and aerial unmanned vehicles.

The topics included in this book also cover presentation of complete information and communication technology (ICT) systems capable of control, observation and detection of various types of incidents and threats. This book is a valuable source of information for constructors and developers of such solutions for uniformed services. Scientists and researchers involved in computer vision, image processing, data fusion, control algorithms or IC can find many valuable suggestions and solutions. Multiple challenges for such systems are also presented. "

A Student Guide to Object-Oriented Development is an introductory text that follows the software development process, from requirements capture to implementation, using an object-oriented approach. The book uses object-oriented techniques to present a practical viewpoint on developing software, providing the reader with a basic understanding of object-oriented concepts by developing the subject in an uncomplicated and easy-to-follow manner. It is based on a main worked case study for teaching purposes, plus others with password-protected answers on the web for use in coursework or exams. Readers can benefit from the authors' years of teaching experience. The book outlines standard object-oriented modelling techniques and illustrates them with a variety of examples and exercises, using UML as the modelling language and Java as the language of implementation. It adopts a simple, step by step approach to object-oriented development, and includes case studies, examples, and exercises with solutions to consolidate learning. There are 13 chapters covering a variety of topics such as sequence and collaboration diagrams; state diagrams; activity diagrams; and implementation diagrams. This book is an ideal reference for students taking undergraduate introductory/intermediate computing and information systems courses, as well as business studies courses and conversion masters' programmes.

Computer science is the science of the future, and already underlies every facet of business and technology, and much of our everyday lives. In addition, it will play a crucial role in the science the 21st century, which will be dominated by biology and biochemistry, similar to the role of mathematics in the physical sciences of the 20th century. In this award-winning best-seller, the author and his co-author focus on the fundamentals of computer science, which revolve around the notion of the "algorithm." They discuss the design of algorithms, and their efficiency and correctness, the inherent limitations of algorithms and computation, quantum algorithms, concurrency, large systems and artificial intelligence. Throughout, the authors, in their own words, stress the 'fundamental and robust nature of the science in a form that is virtually independent of the details of specific computers, languages and formalisms'.

This version of the book is published to celebrate 25 years since its first edition, and in honor of the Alan M. Turing Centennial year. Turing was a true pioneer of computer science, whose work forms the underlying basis of much of this book. "

A software architecture manifests the major early design decisions, which determine the system's development, deployment and evolution. Thus, making better architectural decisions is one of the large challenges in software engineering. Software architecture knowledge management is about capturing practical experience and translating it into generalized architectural knowledge, and using this knowledge in the communication with stakeholders during all phases of the software lifecycle.

This book presents a concise description of knowledge management in the software architecture discipline. It explains the importance of sound knowledge management practices for improving software architecture processes and products, and makes clear the role of knowledge management in software architecture and software development processes. It presents many approaches that are in use in software companies today, approaches that have been used in other domains, and approaches under development in academia. After an initial introduction by the editors, the contributions are grouped in three parts on "Architecture Knowledge Management," "Strategies and Approaches for Managing Architectural Knowledge," and "Tools and Techniques for Managing Architectural Knowledge."

The presentation aims at information technology and software engineering professionals, in particular software architects and software architecture researchers. For the industrial audience, the book gives a broad and concise understanding of the importance of knowledge management for improving software architecture process and building capabilities in designing and evaluating better architectures for their mission- and business-critical systems. For researchers, the book will help to understand the applications of various knowledge management approaches in an industrial setting and to identify research challenges and opportunities.

The design of formal calculi in which fundamental concepts underlying interactive systems can be described and studied has been a central theme of theoretical computer science in recent decades, while membrane computing, a rule-based formalism inspired by biological cells, is a more recent field that belongs to the general area of natural computing. This is the first book to establish a link between these two research directions while treating mobility as the central topic. In the first chapter the authors offer a formal description of mobility in process calculi, noting the entities that move: links ( -calculus), ambients (ambient calculi) and branes (brane calculi). In the second chapter they study mobility in the framework of natural computing. The authors define several systems of mobile membranes in which the movement inside a spatial structure is provided by rules inspired by endocytosis and exocytosis. They study their computational power in comparison with the classical notion of Turing computability and their efficiency in algorithmically solving hard problems in polynomial time. The final chapter deals with encodings, establishing links between process calculi and membrane computing so that researchers can share techniques between these fields. The book is suitable for computer scientists working in concurrency and in biologically inspired formalisms, and also for mathematically inclined scientists interested in formalizing moving agents and biological phenomena. The text is supported with examples and exercises, so it can also be used for courses on these topics.

Machine learning is the study of building computer programs that improve their performance through experience. To meet the challenge of developing and maintaining larger and complex software systems in a dynamic and changing environment, machine learning methods have been playing an increasingly important role in many software development and maintenance tasks. Advances in Machine Learning Applications in Software Engineering provides analysis, characterization and refinement of software engineering data in terms of machine learning methods. This book depicts applications of several machine learning approaches in software systems development and deployment, and the use of machine learning methods to establish predictive models for software quality. Advances in Machine Learning Applications in Software Engineering offers readers suggestions by proposing future work and areas in this emerging research field.