Since the spread of classical design and construction amongst the upper echolons of British society in the late seventeenth century, traditional construction methods have largely fallen by the wayside. Centuries later, as the construction industry faces up to its environmental responsibilities, this book explores its rich and ancient tradition to provide tried and trusted solutions to modern day construction problems.

By way of introduction, the ancient and historical lifestyles that dictated the nature of traditional construction are explored, before focussing on its health and ecological benefits. As well as cultural background, this book includes a detailed scientific description of traditional building materials and their constituents which draws a sharp contrast with modern petrochemical-based materials. The studies of traditional buildings included reveal the sustainability of features such as natural ventilation and breathing walls, and comparisons with modern construction methods show how they could prevent 'sick building syndrome'. The author argues that maintenance for long life, by contrast with the modern concept of life-cycle costing, is at the nub of sustainability and underlies the contribution traditional building construction can make to tackling climate change.

Over 250 original photos, and over fifty bespoke diagrams illustrate the features, techniques, and characteristics of traditional construction that could make such a valuable contribution to the industry today. The inclusion of a close study of how these methods relate to British building regulations makes this book a practical guide for construction professionals, as well as an authoritative resource for students and policy-makers.

The success of a repair or rehabilitation project depends on the specific plans designed for it. Concrete Structures: Protection, Repair and Rehabilitation provides guidance on evaluating the condition of the concrete in a structure, relating the condition of the concrete to the underlying cause or causes of that condition, selecting an appropriate repair material and method for any deficiency found, and using the selected materials and methods to repair or rehabilitate the structure. Guidance is also provided for engineers focused on maintaining concrete and preparing concrete investigation reports for repair and rehabilitation projects. Considerations for certain specialized types of rehabilitation projects are also given. In addition, the author translates cryptic codes, theories, specifications and details into easy to understand language. Tip boxes are used to highlight key elements of the text as well as code considerations based on the International Code Council or International Building Codes. The book contains various worked out examples and equations. Case Studies will be included along with diagrams and schematics to provide visuals to the book.

Deals primarily with evaluation and repair of concrete structures
Provides the reader with a Step by Step method for evaluation and repair of Structures
Covers all types of Concrete structures ranging from bridges to sidewalks
Handy tables outlining the properties of certain types of concrete and their uses

New and updated coverage of ecological engineering by pioneers of the field

Written by the founding and leading authorities in the field, Ecological Engineering and Ecosystem Restoration provides a firm grounding in the fundamentals, theory, and latest techniques for using ecological science to solve environmental problems. A wealth of new examples, processes, and technological advances are thoroughly examined and discussed with expert insight that only the pioneers of this now mature field can offer.

With an in-depth focus on both theories and methodologies, this detailed "how-to" guide presents real-world experience and ecosystem models for designing, managing, and modifying ecosystems in three comprehensive sections:

• Introduction–Covers basic concepts and examples, including nineteen principles of ecological engineering
• Applications of Ecological Engineering–Covers approaches to ecological restoration and enhancement in eight ecosystem chapters, including a wide variety of ecological management case studies
• Ecological Engineering Tools–Covers ecological modeling techniques specific to predicting ecosystem structure and function in ecosystem creation and restoration

Ecological Engineering and Ecosystem Restoration has the new and updated information that is essential for today’s environmental scientists and engineers, wetlands scientists and managers, ecologists and ecological engineers, civil engineers, and landscape architects.

This book outlines a complete programme for the restoration and preservation of historic structures and historic sites throughout the world. It is a basic text for both the novice entering the field and the specialist. Dr Fitch covers the many disciplines, concepts and technologies needed by the preservationist. He also includes discussions of the economic, legal and legislative forces acting upon historic district planning. He provides useful information on how old buildings can be moved (either intact or disassembled) to new sites via truck, rail or barge; how to heat, cool and light old buildings and still maintain the aesthetic integrity of their interiors; and how a country can develop a comprehensive policy for the care of its artistic and historic heritage.

Quantifying exergy losses in the energy supply system of buildings reveals the potential for energy improvement, which cannot be discovered using conventional energy analysis. Thermoeconomics combines economic and thermodynamic analysis by applying the concept of cost (an economic concept) to exergy, as exergy is a thermodynamic property fit for this purpose, in that it combines the quantity of energy with its quality factor. Exergy Analysis and Thermoeconomics of Buildings applies exergy analysis methods and thermoeconomics to the built environment. The mechanisms of heat transfer throughout the envelope of buildings are analyzed from an exergy perspective and then to the building thermal installations, analyzing the different components, such as condensing boilers, absorption refrigerators, microcogeneration plants, etc., including solar installations and finally the thermal facilities as a whole. A detailed analysis of the cost formation process is presented, which has its physical roots firmly planted in the second law of thermodynamics. The basic principles and the rules of cost allocation, in energy units (exergy cost), in monetary units (exergoeconomic cost), and in CO2 emissions (exergoenvironmental cost), based on the so-called Exergy Cost Theory are presented and applied to thermal installations of buildings. Clear and rigorous in its exposition, Exergy Analysis and Thermoeconomics of Buildings discusses exergy analysis and thermoeconomics and the role they could play in the analysis and design of building components, either the envelope or the thermal facilities, as well as the diagnosis of thermal installations. This book moves progressively from introducing the basic concepts to applying them. Exergy Analysis and Thermoeconomics of Buildings provides examples of specific cases throughout this book. These cases include real data, so that the results obtained are useful to interpret the inefficiencies and losses that truly occur in actual installations; hence, the assessment of their effects encourages the manner to improve efficiency.

This Guide provides information on special topics that affect the fire safety performance of very tall buildings, their occupants and first responders during a fire. This Guide addresses these topics as part of the overall building design process using performance-based fire protection engineering concepts as described in the SFPE Engineering Guide to Performance Based Fire Protection. This Guide is not intended to be a recommended practice or a document that is suitable for adoption as a code. The Guide pertains to "super tall," "very tall" and "tall" buildings. Throughout this Guide, all such buildings are called "very tall buildings." These buildings are characterized by heights that impose fire protection challenges; they require special attention beyond the protection features typically provided by traditional fire protection methods. This Guide does not establish a definition of buildings that fall within the scope of this document.

This book focuses on the management and conservation of architectural heritage with the aim of increasing awareness about the value of such conservation and of saving what is left of history, which in turn rewards societies by supporting the tourism industry, generating economic return, and preserving communities' identities. Since it has become an essential need to manage and conserve the architectural heritage in order to protect the identity and heritage of a city, there appeared a gap between the theory and its application. Therefore, a considerable amount of attention has been directed by experts in this field toward emphasizing the contribution of heritage conservation in order to inspire the development of imaginative, useful high-quality design.

The book investigates the theme of Modernism (1920-1960 and its epigones) as an integral part of tangible and intangible cultural heritage which contains the result of a whole range of disciplines whose aim is to identify, document and preserve the memory of the past and the value of the future. Including several chapters, it contains research results relating to cultural heritage, more specifically Modernism, and current digital technologies. This makes it possible to record and evaluate the changes that both undergo: the first one, from a material point of view, the second one from the research point of view, which integrates the traditional approach with an innovative one. The purpose of the publication is to show the most recent studies on the modernist lexicon 100 years after its birth, moving through different fields of cultural heritage: from different forms of art to architecture, from design to engineering, from literature to history, representation and restoration. The book appeals to scholars and professionals who are involved in the process of understanding, reading and comprehension the transformation that the places have undergone within the period under examination. It will certainly foster the international exchange of knowledge that characterized Modernism

We live in an age of omnipresent and calculated images; what opportunity have photographers to approach a historically charged prestigious building without the risk of being instrumentalized? Is it possible that photographs and artistic work in an empty building can say more than that the building is temporarily no longer used for its original purpose? In a cooperation project of the University of Applied Arts Vienna with the Directorate of the Austrian Parliament, students of the Department of Applied Photography and Time-Based Media had the opportunity to investigate the historic building at the Ring shortly after parliament had moved out, and to find answers to these questions.

The UNESCO World Heritage Convention has become one of the most successful UN instruments for promoting cultural diplomacy and dialogue on conservation of cultural and natural heritage. This book provides an overview of the convention through an interdisciplinary approach to conservation. It shows that based on the notion of outstanding universal value and international cooperation for the protection of heritage, the convention provides a platform for sustainable development through the conservation and management of heritage of significance to humanity. With increasing globalization of heritage, World Heritage Conservation is reviewed as an emerging interdisciplinary field of study creating new opportunities for inclusive heritage debate both locally and globally, requiring common tools and understanding. With over a thousand properties inscribed on the World Heritage List, from biologically diverse sites such as the Central Amazon Conservation Complex to the urban landscape of the metropolis of Rio de Janeiro, the book will help students, researchers and professionals in the identification, protection, conservation and presentation of World Heritage. Targeted at a diversity of disciplines, the book critically describes the strategies for implementing the convention and the processes of heritage governance for sustainable development.

In Specifications for Building Conservation, the National Trust draws on a range of case studies and specifications to provide a much needed guide to specification writing for building conservation. Although traditional building accounts for approximately a quarter of all buildings in the UK, the old skills and understanding required for their care and maintenance have been increasingly eroded over the last century. As the largest heritage charity in Europe, the National Trust has a first class reputation for high standards of conservation and care, and in this three volume set, the Trust brings together a remarkable pool of expertise to guide conservation professionals and students through the process of successful specification writing. This first book focusses on the materials used for the external fabric, detailing successful approaches employed by the National Trust at some of their most culturally significant sites. A range of studies have been carefully selected for their interest, diversity and practicality; showcasing projects from stonework repairs on the magnificent Grade I listed Hardwick Hall to the re-thatching of the traditional cottages of the Holnicote Estate. Complete with a practical Conservation Management Plan checklist, this book will enable practitioners to develop their skills, allowing them to make informed decisions when working on a range of project types. This is the first practical guide to specification writing for building conservation and the advice provided by the National Trust experts will be of interest to any practitioners and students involved in building conservation, both in the UK and beyond. Profits generated from the sale of this publication will go to the National Trust Building Apprenticeship Scheme. This provides placements for traditional skills at National Trust properties.

Sir John Vanbrugh (1664-1726) was one of the most important figures in English garden history although he is rarely recognised as such. An eclectic early career as a merchant, a soldier and a dramatist preceded Vanbrugh s acceptance of the role of architect to the Third Earl of Carlisle in 1699. His impact on architecture was paralleled by a revolution in landscape design as Vanbrugh shifted the place of the architect from the house to the grounds. He used the ancient rules of proportion combined with an empathetic approach to Nature to create innovative layouts that were geometric, but bore no relation to the formal gardens of the seventeenth century.

In Sir John Vanbrugh and the Vitruvian Landscape Caroline Dalton seeks to explain Vanbrugh s distinctive style of landscape architecture. The natural and moral philosophy of Marcus Vitruvius Pollio (Vitruvius), Euclid, Plato and Epicurus is traced through the Arabic scientists of the Middle Ages into the Italian Renaissance. The book examines the impact of science and humanism on the landscape ethos of Leon Battista Alberti in the Quattrocento and of Andrea Palladio a century later, and looks for parallels with the early Enlightenment in England from 1660 onwards. It becomes clear that the scientific advances and the political, social and economic changes associated with the Enlightenment created an atmosphere where Vanbrugh could thrive. By reference to the writing of Vitruvius, Alberti and Palladio and by utilizing his innate skills as an artist, Vanbrugh combined the science of Vitruvian geometry with the philosophy of the Ancients to create a new English landscape.

The text is illustrated throughout with a hundred images, including eighteenth-century maps and plans which have not previously been published, alongside geometrical analysis and computer-generated reconstructions of Vanbrugh s landscapes. The author has combined her extensive knowledge of information technology with her experience as a landscape historian, to produce an innovative work which questions our previous understanding of the first English landscape architect. The book is essential reading for students studying the history of the eighteenth-century landscape, as well as appealing to those with a general interest in garden history.

A full color "Virtual Encyclopedia" of America's Covered Bridges! Chasing Covered Bridges lists locations, including state, county, etc. and contains more than 260 full color featured photos, with a total of 800 of these beautiful old structures. Relive America's past through these grand old symbols of times long gone. Join author Paul Parrott, (retired after 22 years in the Navy and nearly 20 years in the U.S. Postal Service), in his travels as he searches to find "Still yet one more bridge."

This study examines the various processes and the methods of determining urban stone decay. The contributions include coverage of: spatial variability of dissolution on a limestone surface; ageing of consolidated stone; and techniques for making contemporary copies of stone antiquities.

Churches are valuable not only for their significance within Christian religion, but also because of the historic value of the buildings themselves, and the artistic objects, furnishings and decorative features contained within them. This book explains the techniques and artistry involved in caring for the fabric and contents of churches. It considers the problems of cleaning and repair, and the damage that can be done by over-zealous non-specialists. The contributions to this book are wide-ranging and each chapter is written by a highly regarded specialist in his/her field. In addition to offering guidance on the conservation of stained glass, sculpture, textiles, metalwork, floors, furniture, decorative plaster work, paintings and so on, the book also covers the technical aspects of creating the right environment with the heating, ventilation and lighting of the building. The advice this volume contains should be essential reading for everyone concerned with the care and upkeep of churches.

Historic preservation, which started as a grassroots movement, now represents the cutting edge in a cultural revolution focused on “green� architecture and sustainability. This book provides comprehensive coverage of the many facets of historic preservation: the philosophy and history of the movement, the role of government, the documentation and designation of historic properties, sensitive architectural designs and planning, preservation technology, and heritage tourism, plus a survey of architectural styles. An ideal introduction to the field for students, historians, preservationists, property owners, local officials, and community leaders, this thoroughly revised edition addresses new subjects, including heritage tourism and partnering with the environmental community. It also includes updated case studies to reflect the most important historic preservation issues of today; and brings the conversation into the twenty-first century.

Historische Bauwerke erlauben uns Einsichten in das Wesen an sich bereits verfluchtigter, auf andere Weise nicht mehr erfahrbarer Zeitabschnitte. Doch wie 'authentisch' sind diese Relikte und was meint diese Frage eigentlich? Anhand der Betrachtung dieses hochaktuellen Begriffs - Authentizitat - zeigt das Buch auf, wie stark sich die Werke der Vergangenheit und damit auch unsere Erkenntnisse uber sie verandern und wie unstet unsere Sprache ist, mit der wir uns daruber verstandigen. Schillernde Unscharfe verknupft spannende philosophische Gedanken mit konkreten Beobachtungen und entwirft einen neuen Blick auf unser Verstandnis von Vergangenheit. Detaillierte Fallstudien revidieren gangige Vorstellungen bezuglich der Wahrheit und Echtheit unseres kulturellen Erbes.

Die Schweizer Glasmalereiforschung des 19. Jahrhunderts gibt mit der Aufarbeitung des Archivs der Zurcher Werkstatt weiteren Untersuchungen auf diesem Gebiet wichtige Impulse. Zurich und Bern, die Zentren der heimischen Glasmalerei, konkurrierten mit Werkstatten aus Suddeutschland. Johann Jakob Roettinger aus Nurnberg etablierte das Zurcher Atelier als Wiege beruhmter Glasmaler und initiierte damit den Kulturtransfer zwischen der Schweiz und seiner deutschen Heimat. Die Qualitat der Glasmalereien, die Professionalitat seiner Geschaftsfuhrung und sein persoenliches Charisma waren die Erfolgsrezepte, die dem deutschen Einwanderer den Zugang zur Zurcher Bildungsschicht und somit zu renommierten Auftragen ermoeglichen. Unterstutzt wurde er dabei von seiner einheimischen Ehefrau, die - in erster Linie mutterlichen Aufgaben verpflichtet - zur Geschaftspartnerin wird und die Bereitstellung der Haushaltslogistik fur Familie und Mitarbeiterstab garantierte. Kunstlerisch blieb Roettinger seiner Nurnberger Herkunft treu und orientierte sich als Spatnazarener am damaligen Zeitgeschmack. Stilistisch und ikonographisch sind die Glasmalereien modellhaft fur die sakrale Kunst des 19. Jahrhunderts, doch diese Charakteristika mussten sich schon gegen Ende des Jahrhunderts einer ablehnenden Rezeption beugen. Dieser Band beinhaltet neben kunstlerischen, biographischen und ikonographischen Analysen die Einordnung des Glasmalers Johann Jakob Roettinger in einen breiteren sozialen, kulturellen und oekonomischen Kontext und ermoeglicht somit aufschlussreiche Einblicke in das Denken der Epoche.

"Did you know, Logical Positivists, that the late Ludwig Wittgenstein, the Austrian philosopher who's very in with art worldings these days, was also a one-shot architect? And that now there's is one-man movement afoot to save the single house he designed and built in Vienna? The movement is Bernhard Leitner, a young Austrian architect, over here on a stint with the city's Office of Midtown Planning and Development." The New York Times, February 22, 1970 In June 1971, the demolition of the Wittgenstein House was resolved by the City of Vienna with the authorisation of the Landmarks Preservation Office. This demolition was stopped at the last minute. It was the improbable end of a two-year rescue campaign operated from New York. Bernhard Leitner collected unique photographs as well as facsimiles of documents that illustrate the incredible odyssey that ended in the rescue of this architectural jewel.

English summary: Bruno Bearzi's life was intricately involved with the bronze doors of the Florence Baptistery and other bronze Renaissance works that he worked to restore for over fifty years. This faithful chronicle uses Bearzi's own archives and writings, while also providing rich images to complete the story of his contribution to our artistic heritage. Italian text. Italian description: Scritto a quattro mani da Lidia Del Duca e Paolo De Anna, questo volume puo sembrare il romanzo della vita del bronzista e restauratore Bruno Bearzi, per oltre mezzo secolo strettamente intrecciata con le sorti delle Porte del Battistero di Firenze e di tantissime altre opere d'arte in bronzo del Rinascimento. E invece una fedele cronaca di fatti, date e nomi raccolti sia dalle testimonianze dei famigliari di Bearzi sia dai documenti conservati nel suo archivio privato, in quello del professor Giovanni Poggi e in quello dell'Opera del Duomo. Niente, nemmeno la piu personale impressione descritta nel libro, e frutto di fantasia. Anche lo stile della narrazione e quello di Bearzi, come testimoniano i tanti articoli, relazioni e appunti che ci ha lasciato. Oltre alle Porte del Battistero e alle statue trattate nel libro, egli si era occupato di innumerevoli studi e lavori di restauro per enti italiani e stranieri e di numerose fusioni per artisti di tutto il mondo. Un ricchissimo repertorio di foto inedite completa la pubblicazione in cui la storia di Bruno Bearzi e del suo tempo esce dalle memorie famigliari per diventare patrimonio di tutti. Presentazioni di Antonio Paolucci e Cristina Acidini

English summary: This collection brings together the articles and essays of Caterina Caneva, between 2002 and her death in 2008, offering an important opportunity to understand her vision of restoration and conservation, from the point-of-view of someone who was both an artisan and an administrative actor for small museums and larger regional structures. Italian text. Italian description: A un anno dalla morte, il volume raccoglie vari testi scritti da Caterina Caneva a partire dal 2002, per lo piu pubblicati su periodici o redatti in occasione delle presentazioni di interventi di restauro, quindi riconducibili a quella cosiddetta aeletteratura grigia' destinata alla dispersione e comunque per sua natura frammentaria, interessante e rara quanto incapace di farsi testimonianza di un impegno continuativo e di piu ampio respiro, quale e quello che Caterina Caneva ha svolto. Del suo impegno testimoniano gli scritti, riconducibili a un'azione che e essenzialmente di conservazione ma che necessariamente convive con quella di studio e di valorizzazione. Una volta raccolti i vari materiali, sono stati ordinati in ragione dei comuni ai quali fanno riferimento, pur nell'evidenza di due grandi temi che ricorrono con particolare insistenza. Il primo strettamente legato alla costituzione di tre piccoli, grandi musei (quelli di Masaccio a Cascia di Reggello, dell'Oratorio del Crocifisso a Incisa in Val d'Arno e dell'abbazia di Vallombrosa), il secondo a interventi di restauro o realizzati direttamente con risorse dello Stato, o seguiti in qualita di responsabile della tutela di quella zona (e di questi il libro fornisce anche un regesto completo che, elencando le opere sottoposte a interventi, rende ragione del grande lavoro)

This work is an overview of the state of art on Ageing of Materials and structures in the world. Ageing of materials is a natural phenomenon. Each material we use will age. This ageing will influence the performance of the object where the materials is used. Furthermore, the ageing will be affected by the surroundings in which the object is placed. The main focus of the book is on materials used in infrastructure, energy, buildings and industry. The book in effect establishes the definition of ageing and its main research topics that are relevant for society.