This book focuses on the evaluation of wave energy in the Maritime Silk Road. Firstly, it compares wave energy and other main energy sources, and then discusses the various disadvantages. It also presents the current research and the difficulties of wave energy evaluation, and systematically analyzes the climatic characteristics of the wave energy, including the temporal-spatial distribution and climatic trend of a series of key factors (e.g. wave power density, availability, richness, stability, energy direction, energy storage). It then describes the design of a short-term forecasting scheme and a long-term projection scheme of wave energy suitable for the Maritime Silk Road, to serve as a plan for the daily operation and long-term development of wave energy. Further, it highlights the wave energy analysis and decision-making in the context of the remote islands and reefs, using Sri Lanka is taken as a case study. Lastly, it presents the first wave energy resource dataset for the Maritime Silk Road. This book is one of a series of publications on the 21st century Maritime Silk Road (shortened as "Maritime Silk Road") that covers the characteristics of the marine environment and marine new energy, remote islands and reef construction, climate change, early warning of wave disasters, legal escort, marine environment and energy big data construction, contributing to the safe and efficient construction of the Maritime Silk Road. It aims to improve our knowledge of the ocean, and so improve the capacity for marine construction, enhance the viability of remote islands and reefs, ease the energy crisis and protect the ecological environment and improve the quality of life of residents along the Maritime Silk Road, as well as to protect the rights, and interests of the countries and regions participating in the construction of the Maritime Silk Road. This book is a valuable reference resource for decision-makers, researchers, and marine engineers working in the related fields.

Inland sand dunes are widespread in North America and are found from the North Slope of Alaska to the Sonoran Desert in northern Mexico and from the Delmarva Peninsula in the east to Southern California in the west. In this edited book, we highlight recent research on areas of inland dunes that span a range from those that are actively accumulating in current conditions of climate and sediment supply to those that were formed in past conditions and are now degraded relict systems. This book will be of interest to researchers and scholars of physical geography, geomorphology, environmental sciences, and earth sciences. Contributions include detailed analyses of individual active dune systems at White Sands, New Mexico; Great Sand Dunes, Colorado; and the Laurentian Great Lakes; as well as the vegetation-stabilized dunes of the Nebraska Sand Hills and the Colorado Plateau. Additional chapters discuss the widespread partially vegetated dune systems of the central and southern Great Plains; the relict dunes of the Atlantic Coastal Plain of the eastern USA; and active and stabilized dunes of the Colorado Plateau and the southwestern deserts of the USA and northern Mexico.

Long considered ground zero for global climate change in the United States, Florida presents the perfect case study for disaster risk and prevention. Building on the idea that disasters are produced by historical and contemporary social processes as well as natural phenomena, Amanda D. Concha-Holmes and Anthony Oliver-Smith present a collection of ethnographic case studies that examine the social and environmental effects of Florida’s public and private sector development policies. Contributors to Disasters in Paradise explore how these practices have increased the vulnerability of Floridians to hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, droughts, frosts, and forest fires.

This monograph presents the state of art of the geologic knowledge about the Spanish coast obtained through scientific research in the last 30 years.From a general point of view, coasts are the most quickly changing systems of the Earth. This is critical, since many human resources, such as the main part of economic and social activities, are located in the coastal areas. Especially in the case of Spain these coasts include cities, wide industrial areas (including harbor complexes), important ecologic systems, and our main economic resource: tourism. Understanding the dynamic functioning of each element of this coast is vital for correct future coastal management, so as to solve problems derived from bad plans developed in the last decades of the twentieth century. This is a valuable text for advanced graduate students and coastal researchers, which connects the specific dynamic functioning of the main Spanish coastal environments and their relationships with human activities.

This edited volume is the premier book dedicated exclusively to marine science education and improving ocean literacy, aiming to showcase exemplary practices in marine science education and educational research in this field on a global scale. It informs, inspires, and provides an intellectual forum for practitioners and researchers in this particular context. Subject areas include sections on marine science education in formal, informal and community settings. This book will be useful to marine science education practitioners (e.g. formal and informal educators) and researchers (both education and science).

Advances in Coastal Hydraulics contains twelve papers that report on recent developments in several areas of coastal hydraulics. The papers, written by well-regarded authors, cover interesting topics such as the interaction of groundwater and coastal waters, the use of remote sensing for coastal applications, erosion in Arctic environments, the impact of marine vegetation on coastal hydrodynamics, new methods to examine the reliability of breakwater design, the development of marine kinetic energy, and methods for modeling coastal processes as well as their applications to small and large scales, such as a harbor in Hawaii (for design) and the extensive coast of India (for examining the effects of tsunamis and sea level rise). The developments presented in this book could serve not only as a reference book, but also as a starting point for new endeavors in the respective topics.

The book is organized into two parts: the first part covers (i) the precious lessons obtained from recent actual tsunami disasters including the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami and 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster, (ii) fundamental knowledge of tsunami for our survival, and (iii) concludes the lessons learnt and listing measures for tsunami disaster mitigation for saving human lives. The second part presents tsunami from academic perspective in two chapters: one describes tsunami occurrence mechanism and near-shore behavior; the other mentions numerical simulation and forecasting of tsunami.

The book is organized into two parts: the first part covers (i) the precious lessons obtained from recent actual tsunami disasters including the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami and 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster, (ii) fundamental knowledge of tsunami for our survival, and (iii) concludes the lessons learnt and listing measures for tsunami disaster mitigation for saving human lives. The second part presents tsunami from academic perspective in two chapters: one describes tsunami occurrence mechanism and near-shore behavior; the other mentions numerical simulation and forecasting of tsunami.

This book seeks to understand the coast as a place that has deep significance both historically and sociologically. Using several case studies in Australia, the author uses Max Weber's approach to rationalisation to understand the different ways coasts have been interpreted throughout modern history. While today, coastal places are known for their aspects of lifestyle or adventure, their histories, underpinned by colonialism and industrialization, are vastly different. The author examines the delicate dichotomy between the alternative experiences the coast provides today, versus the ideals and values imposed upon it in times gone by. The author makes an ethical argument about the ways in which we use and experience the coast today will adversely affect the lives of future generations in an attempt to generate further discussion amongst students and scholars of the sociology of place, as well as coastal managers and stakeholders.

This is the proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Asian and Pacific Coasts. The conference focuses on coastal engineering and related fields among Asian and Pacific countries/regions. It includes the classical topics of the coastal engineering as well as topics on coastal environment, marine ecology, coastal oceanography, and fishery science and engineering. The book will be valuable to professionals and graduate students in this field.

This book provides a pathway for the New Coastal History. Our littorals are all too often the setting for climate change and the political, refugee and migration crises that blight our age. Yet historians have continued, in large part, to ignore the space between the sea and the land. Through a range of conceptual and thematic chapters, this book remedies that. Scotland, a country where one is never more than fifty miles from saltwater, provides a platform as regards the majority of chapters, in accounting for and supporting the clusters of scholarship that have begun to gather around the coast. The book presents a new approach that is distinct from both terrestrial and maritime history, and which helps bring environmental history to the shore. Its cross-disciplinary perspectives will be of appeal to scholars and students in those fields, as well as in the environmental humanities, coastal archaeology, human geography and anthropology.

Geomorphology, in simple words, is the study of landforms. These studies incorporate the in-depth understanding of various processes occurring on earth's surface in form of soil, water and air as the medium which directly or indirectly affects the landscapes. Present day landforms are a result of millions of years of geomorphological processes that continue to occur at their own pace now and in future. Few examples of natural geomorphological processes are soil erosion or deposition, melting of glaciers, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, sea floods, landslides, and avalanche. Coastal geomorphology focuses on history of formation of coasts, the features of coastal areas across the globe, eroding shorelines, processes involved in making the coasts as they are today like winds, ocean currents, and influence of human activities. A major proportion of world's population resides by the coasts and thus they are affected greatly by the anthropogenic activities. Shoreline recession has become an issue of concern in recent times which is occurring way faster than expected and almost over 70% of the beaches throughout the world are facing this problem. Chapters that deal with erosion of the coasts, coastal management, bioindicators for coastal pollutants and various techniques like remote sensing and GIS for the analysis of the coastal ecosystems have been included to provide a better understanding of present day situation. Studies pertaining to preservation of coastal integrity will be focused in this book. Coasts are also an inevitable part of a country's economy in terms of tourism and water based trade. The economic and social aspects have also been looked into in the book. I hope the book provides the readers with a thorough understanding of the subject.

Floods are essentially a natural phenomenon that affects the geomorphology of surrounding landform and may result in events like erosion, sedimentation or deposition. Certain areas are more prone to floods than the others. It is important to study the concepts behind their occurrence, frequency, vulnerability of an area to floods and the geomorphological changes post floods owing to their damaging effects on the environment. Floods arise due to many reasons ranging from geomorphological setting, climate of a particular area, nature of the coastline, or anthropological factors like man made dams. Flood damages continue to rise as there is increased global warming and glaciers melting leading to rise in sea levels combined with increased industrialization and urbanization. A very high percentage of population is living and working in flood prone areas and continues to do so. There are economic and social implications when in post flood scenario. In this book, articles have been included to provide an insight into the flood risk assessment, developing models to study the impact on affected areas, socio-economic aspects of flood damage, and use of Geographic information systems for risk evaluation. I hope the book will suffice its purpose.

Geomorphology and Groundwater is a state-of-the-art scientific field that focuses on the overlaps between geomorphology and hydrology. The study of groundwater helps to understand the local geomorphology, deposition of minerals, and even climate change records. The groundwater transportation carries the minerals, plays important role in deposition, sets up the distribution of them and affects water quality simultaneously. This lead to environmental issues and geographic phenomena. The understanding of groundwater processes contributes valuable information to a broad of geological topics. In this book, each article covers a specific geomorphology and groundwater topic, including studies on geotechnical methodologies for groundwater or beneath waters, weathering data from the angle of geomorphology, building models to understand cause and dynamic of landscapes or landforms and studies about hazard assessment and management.

The terrestrial water cycle incorporates the transportation of water (solid/liquid/water vapour) within all land and atmospheric processes on the Earth. This includes precipitation, surface run-off, river flow, surface-water and groundwater storage and fluxes, and evapotranspiration, to name just a few. The study of this subject is key to many research areas, for example impacts on climate change, agriculture, ecology and biogeochemistry, as well as to practical human needs, such as irrigation and hydroelectricity. The processes involved in the terrestrial water cycle are highly complicated, as well as extremely variable. Standard in-situ measurements are often unable to capture this variability, as they are usually point measurements. Remote sensing offers the potential for large scale, high-resolution, multi-temporal, multi-sensor measurements, with the possibility of large amounts of data stretching over space and time. When combined with rapidly developing computational and modelling resources, remote sensing is an invaluable tool. This book presents numerous examples of how remote sensing can be applied in a way to aid in the study of some areas of the terrestrial water cycle. Specific topics covered include soil moisture, water vapour content, storm structure, sea surface temperature, precipitation, ocean colour, river dynamics, water clarity, ocean outfall plumes, diatom ocean phenology, river discharge, black water events and ocean signals. Remote sensing data types and techniques that are described include the derivation of spectral indices from multispectral satellite imagery, the use of data derived from satellite imagery as inputs for atmospheric correction, radar and lidar data, microwave and scatterometer data, spatial analysis of ocean properties and feature extraction and change detection.

The book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the physical processes which, according to the present state of knowledge, determine the evolution of coastal systems and their response to human interventions. This response depends to a large degree on the self-organising properties of coastal dynamics, which form a leading theme throughout the book. The basic theoretical ideas are explained in text and figures and also in formulas for the more mathematically inclined reader. Theories are illustrated with examples from estuaries, coastal lagoons, beaches and tidal flat systems from all over the world. The rules and simple models can be used directly without relying on complex computations; much attention is given to the strengths and weaknesses of the underlying theories and their limits of applicability. The book is fully self-contained; some knowledge of basic physics and mathematics is recommended. The book is an upgrade of the first edition. Most parts are rewritten and chapters are added to incorporate research results, new insight and experience of the past ten years. This book is intended for everyone interested in coastal systems for professional or educational reasons.

The book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the physical processes which, according to the present state of knowledge, determine the evolution of coastal systems and their response to human interventions. This response depends to a large degree on the self-organising properties of coastal dynamics, which form a leading theme throughout the book. The basic theoretical ideas are explained in text and figures and also in formulas for the more mathematically inclined reader. Theories are illustrated with examples from estuaries, coastal lagoons, beaches and tidal flat systems from all over the world. The rules and simple models can be used directly without relying on complex computations; much attention is given to the strengths and weaknesses of the underlying theories and their limits of applicability. The book is fully self-contained; some knowledge of basic physics and mathematics is recommended. The book is an upgrade of the first edition. Most parts are rewritten and chapters are added to incorporate research results, new insight and experience of the past ten years. This book is intended for everyone interested in coastal systems for professional or educational reasons.

This book is an integrated approach to present a detailed case study in order to address the taxonomic and ecological features of this planktonic choreotrich protists in an iconic tropical mangrove wetland - Sundarban. To identify each tintinnid species, emphasis is given with regards to taxonomic features accompanied by high resolution images. This work explores the interaction between man-induced stress and the impact of climate change which is threatening the tintinnid biodiversity, and suggests, for example, remedial measures by adopting sound management strategies. Tintinnids (Protozoa: Ciliata: Tintinnida) are a coherent group ecologically recognized as micro-zooplankton. They deserve special attention because of their unique biodiversity and their crucial, functional role in the marine food chain. This is a valuable reference source for students, researchers, policy planners and coastal managers engaged in the field of marine biology, microbial ecology and marine bio-resources.

The Lakshadweep islands are a group of 36 coral islands in the Indian Ocean. These small islands are unique for their aquatic bio-diversity and vast blue lagoons. This book presents the results of studies done by the authors during the period 1990 to 2009 that address the beach morphology, hydrodynamics, energy resources and management options with special reference to the issue of both natural and anthropogenic coastal erosion. The relatively low island elevation makes the islands more susceptible to high-wave attack and coastal flooding during adverse weather conditions. The islands are also prone to risks from episodic events like cyclones and deep depressions. This highlights the need for a comprehensive study of the wave, climate and coastal processes at work during different seasons to delineate the factors responsible for shoreline changes and also to identify the locations that need protection and the management options. This book will serve as a guide to researchers, scholars and students who are interested in the coastal processes of coral islands.

This SpringerBrief presents the principles, methods, and workflows for processing and analyzing coastal LiDAR data time-series. Robust methods for computing high resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) are introduced as well as raster-based metrics for assessment of topographic change. An innovative approach to feature extraction and measurement of feature migration is followed by methods for estimating volume change and sand redistribution mapping. Simple methods for potential storm impacts and inundation pattern analysis are also covered, along with visualization techniques to support analysis of coastal terrain feature and surface dynamics. Hands-on examples in GRASS GIS and python scripts are provided for each type of analysis and visualization using public LiDAR data time-series. GIS-based Analysis of Coastal Lidar Time-Series is ideal for professors and researchers in GIS and earth sciences. Advanced-level students interested in computer applications and engineering will also find this brief a valuable resource.

The 2010 tsunamis generated in Haiti, Chile, and Indonesia caused various damage on the coasts. In the past, the 1755 Lisbon, 1964 Alaska, and 2003 Algeria earthquakes also generated damaging tsunamis. This volume contains an introduction and 18 papers, mostly presented at the 25th International Tsunami Symposium held 1-4 July 2011. They report the above tsunamis and discuss tsunami DART observations, warning systems, risk management in the Pacific, modelling of earthquake and landslide tsunamis, and probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment.

The 2011 Tohoku earthquake generated a tsunami that caused severe damage including 20,000 casualties in Japan. The tsunami also affected other Pacific coasts, including the Kuril Islands, the USA, French Polynesia, the Galapagos Islands, Australia, and New Zealand. This volume contains an introduction and 21papers, mostly presented at the 25th International Tsunami Symposium held 1-4 July 2011, only four months after the tsunami. They report seismological aspects of the event related to the tsunami warning, the tsunami impacts and effects in Japan and around the Pacific, analyses of instrumental tsunami data and modelling.

This volume covers the species attributed to the class Chlorophyta (the green seaweeds). Each species description incorporates notes on ecology and distribution and many are supported by line illustrations. This is a reprint edition of ISBN 1898298858 published in 1991.

This volume explores the yellow-brown seaweed species attributed to the class Tribophyceae. The description of each species incorporates notes on ecology and distribution and many are supported by line illustrations. This is a reprint edition of ISBN 0113100043 published in 1987.