This timely book is about how to design alternatives to reduce coastal flood and wave damage, erosion, and loss of ecosystems facing an unknown future of sea level rise. The latest theories are interlaced with applied examples from the authors' 48 years of experience in teaching, research, and as a practicing, professional engineer in coastal engineering. The design process takes into consideration all the design constraints (scientific, engineering, economic, environmental, social/political/institutional, aesthetic, and media) to meet today's client needs, expectations, and budgets for an uncertain future.The book is organized as a textbook for graduate students. And, it is a self-contained reference for government and consulting engineers responsible for finding solutions to coastal hazards facing the world's coastal populations. New solutions are included in the book that help people of all socio-economic levels living at the coast. Both risk reduction metrics quantified in monetary terms, and increased resilience metrics quantified as vulnerability reduction must now be taken into consideration to make equitable design decisions on hazard mitigation alternatives.In the Anthropocene Era, under 'deep uncertainty' in global mean sea level predictions for the future, today's designs must mitigate today's storm damages, and be adaptable for the unpredictable water levels and storms of the future. This book includes a design 'philosophy' for water levels to year 2050 and for the long term from 2050 to 2100. Multiple spreadsheets are provided and organized to aid the design process.This is an exciting time to be 'thinkers' as Civil/Coastal engineers.Related Link(s)

The Geologic Resources Inventory (GRI) is one of 12 inventories funded by the National Park Service (NPS) Inventory and Monitoring Program. The GRI, administered by the Geologic Resources Division of the Natural Resource Program Center, is designed to provide and enhance baseline information available to park managers. The author's goal of detailing the GRI is to increase understanding of the geologic processes at work in parks and to provide sound geologic information for use in park decision making. Sound park stewardship requires an understanding of the natural resources and their role in the ecosystem.

The Long Island Studies (LIS) Program of the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) has noticed the habitat changes indicative of sea-level rise in many coastal wetlands. In 2005, DEP provided funds to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to conduct a trends analysis of selected salt marshes along the southwestern coast of the state to document habitat changes.

Fish are a major component of the coral reef ecosystem, potentially numbering 500 - 1,100 species in Pacific Islands Network (PACN) parks depending on geographic location (Allen et al. 2003, Randall 2005, Randall 2007). This highly diverse assemblage of carnivores, planktivores, herbivores and detritivores serve a variety of ecological functions that affect ecosystem structure, productivity, and sustainability (e.g., Sale 1991, Hixon 1997). Fish assemblages or selected species can also act as indicators of general reef health and provide a warning of environmental stress and potential ecosystem change (e.g., Friedlander and DeMartini 2002). Additionally, fish within the parks are harvested in traditional, subsistence, artisanal, and recreational fisheries (e.g., Craig et al. 2008) which may affect the species composition, abundance and size of targeted species. Fishing is increasingly being recognized as the principal threat to Pacific coral reefs and other marine ecosystems worldwide (e.g., Dayton 1998, Friedlander and DeMartini 2002, Birkeland 2004, Hutchings and Reynolds 2004). In this respect, it is highly probable that most of the Pacific Islands parks can be categorized as "impaired" to "seriously impaired" in terms of their fish communities. Marine Fish ranked 11th in priority as a network Vital Sign. While the harvest of fish is addressed in a separate complementary (fisheries-dependent) protocol, data collected through the Marine Fish Protocol will contribute to the overall understanding by providing an in-water (fisheries-independent) assessment of the size and numerical density of daytime, non-cryptic species within park waters. Monitoring efforts will be conducted concurrently with Water Quality and Benthic Marine Community Vital Signs to maximize data interpretation value.

This report details the results of the 22nd year of the western snowy plover (Charadriusalexandrinus nivosus) monitoring program within Point Reyes National Seashore, Marin County, California (PRNS). The goal of the 2011 monitoring effort was to determine abundance, distribution, and breeding success of snowy plovers nesting on federal lands within PRNS. The report provides an overview of the 2011 snowy plover monitoring program on federal lands and summarizes the results of the data collected during the field season.

This annual report details the status of key stream channel characteristics and riparian attributes obtained from the first season of monitoring in the John Day River within the Sheep Rock unit of John Day Fossil Beds National Monument (JODA). This report is intended as a release of basic data sets and data summaries. Care has been taken to assure accuracy of raw data values, but thorough analysis and interpretation of the data has not been completed. More extensive analysis and discussion of stream channel characteristics and riparian will occur as part of the trend analysis, which will be available after 3 years of monitoring data become available.

This annual report details the status of key indicators of water quality obtained from the first season of monitoring in Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve (CRMO), 2010.

This annual report details the status of key indicators of water quality obtained from the first season of monitoring in City of Rocks National Reserve (CIRO) and Castle Rock's State Park (CRSP) 2009. Note that several of the appendices in this report are primarily intended for UCBN internal reference.

This annual report details the status of key indicators of water quality obtained from the first season of monitoring in Big Hole National Battlefield (BIHO), 2009.