Informed debate on how, why, or even if, drugs and those that use them should be controlled needs an insight into the background of such controls, how effective they have been and what reasonable alternatives there may be. This book seeks to provide such an insight. Reviewing important aspects of past and current drug control policies in Britain and America, the international compliment of expert contributors seek to explore the rationality of the reasoning which produced the initial controls, the continuing relevance of those currently employed, and provide alternative scenarios for future policy.

Drugs affect every aspect of our society with youths presenting the highest group addicted. Unfortunately, traditional drug treatment programs historically have not considered involving youths to a significant degree. In Youths Serving Youths In Drug Education Programs, George Taylor contends that youth involvement in drug treatment programs is beneficial because: 1. Peer groups appear to be more successful with youth drug abusers better than traditional methods. 2. Youths tend to communicate and address issues associated with drug problems, such as culture, values and socioeconomic conditions, at a level that is more easily understood. 3. Youths appear to be more culturally sensitive to each other when dealing with drug related problems. Youths Serving Youths in Drug Education Programs (Y.S.Y.D.E.P.) is mostly student driven, with youths fully participating in all aspects of the drug program. Youths chosen for this proposed program must be drug free and highly recommended by educators, parents, peers, and community agencies. They must be above average in communication, social and academic skills, be trained extensively in drug education, and be certified to be involved. Research findings show that using youths in drug education programs helps to significantly increase abstinence among youths taking drugs. Research also has consistently supported strategies proposed by Elford as an innovative approach to reducing drug usage among youth. This is a must read for anyone involved in drug education programs.

Why are people often so unpredictable? Why do they do things which can often cause great personal harm even whey they know this to be the case? This volume seeks to address these and many other enduring questions through a detailed discussion of the chaotic nature of human existence. It explores three general areas, the first of which is neurobiology and genetics. The evolution of the mind is examined from a Darwinian perspective, drawing attention to the way chance and uncertainty in development are structured by natural selection. Key findings from current biological and medical research are reviewed, the interrelationship between genetics and experience is explored, and Gerald Edelman's theory of the evolution of the mind through natural selection is discussed. The second theme, cognition and collective action, is considered in the light of evidence indicating that the way we think is also subject to natural selection. Furthermore, it is argued that there is a meaningful distinction between reason (adaptive rationality) and formal rationality. Finally, recent research into chaos theory, order and complexity is reviewed.

Why are people often so unpredictable? Why do they do things which can often cause great personal harm even whey they know this to be the case? This volume seeks to address these and many other enduring questions through a detailed discussion of the chaotic nature of human existence. It explores three general areas, the first of which is neurobiology and genetics. The evolution of the mind is examined from a Darwinian perspective, drawing attention to the way chance and uncertainty in development are structured by natural selection. Key findings from current biological and medical research are reviewed, the interrelationship between genetics and experience is explored, and Gerald Edelman's theory of the evolution of the mind through natural selection is discussed. The second theme, cognition and collective action, is considered in the light of evidence indicating that the way we think is also subject to natural selection. Furthermore, it is argued that there is a meaningful distinction between reason (adaptive rationality) and formal rationality. Finally, recent research into chaos theory, order and complexity is reviewed.

American Journal of Nursing, 2001 Book of the Year Award in Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing

Developed by a highly experienced author working in both nursing and psychology environments, Addiction Treatment presents the caregiver with a brief global perspective of different types of addictions, techniques for identifying and assessing the addicted client, and strategies for effective change. The book utilizes assessment, planning, and intervention summaries to enable the reader to scan for immediate recall and application. Chapter objectives enable readers to use the book as a continuing education tool, and the appendix provides an overview of perspectives on addiction and its treatment by a variety of organizations heavily invested in the care of the addicted client. Illustrative cases (with both successful and unsuccessful outcomes) are included throughout.

There is a tremendous concern and interest in the number of chemical dependents with co-existing compulsive behaviors. However, no one has developed a theory that can explain the high prevalence of compulsive behaviors in chemical dependents, and more importantly, describe the treatment and recovery implications. The literature and professionals are divided with the counselors/clinicians on one side and the researchers on the other. The authors try to bridge this obvious gap by writing a book that can bring recent genetic/biochemical research to the counselor/clinician in a way that will help them diagnose and treat their patients.
This book is the result of the authors' long interest in and study of chemical dependency and compulsive behaviors. It begins with the observation that chemical dependents experience a much higher prevalence of compulsive behaviors than the general population. Although many have written about the two subjects--generally the relationship of a single compulsive behavior to chemical dependency--none have developed a theory with supporting research that ties the type of chemical dependency to specific compulsive behaviors. The authors describe recent research that connects chemical dependency and compulsive behaviors to the underlying genetic/biochemical mechanisms, and provide detailed examinations of the clinical implications of the model as well as case histories.

First Published in 1997. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Chemical Dependency: Women at Risk shows readers how to design and implement drug and alcohol treatment programs that take into account not only gender but also the cultural differences among women. Whether you re a counselor, researcher, or health care provider, this book will show you how to abandon one-size-fits-all'treatment approaches that fail to address the individual needs of women undergoing substance abuse treatment. Instead, you ll learn to recognize and respect cultural and individual differences among women. Use this book as a guide to develop your own innovative multicultural treatment approaches to substance abuse. Chemical Dependency offers a three-stage cultural assessment model that serves as a key starting point for transforming your services into culture-, gender-, and ethnic-sensitive programs. You ll acquire the knowledge and skills necessary to develop recovery services that identify patterns of belief and customs that can assist or hinder women in achieving and maintaining recovery.Readers of Chemical Dependency discover the obstacles to the development of effective women's recovery programs, as well as key service elements of successful recovery programs. In addition, they witness firsthand how to integrate an understanding of women's lives from a multigenerational and life span perspective with consideration of issues such as sexuality, violence and sexual abuse, and codependence and parenting. As a result, professionals in the field at all levels are equipped with the necessary know-how for providing services to underserved women and offering them the assistance they so desperately need to overcome their substance abuse problems.Chemical Dependency provides readers with the most comprehensive analysis to date of marijuana addiction in women with effective methodss for outreach, intervention, treatment, and research. The techniques it offers for establishing discussion frameworks for sexuality and HIV in the context of recovery can be incorporated immediately into existing treatment programs, as can its strategies to assist lesbians and bisexual women in confronting the trauma they suffer as a result of addiction, sexism, and societal homophobia.The book's authors are professionals in the fields of treatment, research, prevention, community organizing, and policymaking. Readers acquire from their collaborative effort an understanding of alcohol and drug addiction as a complex bio-psycho-social-spiritual'disease. Counselors, researchers, health care providers, and faculty and students of chemical dependency programs will find Chemical Dependency an invaluable guidebook for the development or improvement of their own approaches to successful intervention and treatment of women susceptible to drug and alcohol abuse.

Why do some young adults substantially change their patterns of smoking, drinking, or illicit drug use after graduating from high school? In this book, the authors show that leaving high school and leaving home create new freedoms that are linked to increases in the use of cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine. They also show that marriage, pregnancy, and parenthood create new responsibilities that are linked to decreases in drug use.
The research is based on more than 33,000 young people followed from high school through young adulthood by the nationwide Monitoring the Future project. Every two years, participants reported on their drug use, as well as their schooling, employment, military service, living arrangements, marriages, pregnancies, parenthood, and even their divorces.
The unique qualities of this research--large nationally representative samples, follow-ups extending up to 14 years beyond high school, and multiple approaches to analysis and data presentation--allowed the examination of several important influences simultaneously, while retaining much of the rich detail encountered in the real world. On the whole, the results are encouraging, suggesting that the potentials for change and improvement during the transition to adulthood are as important as the detrimental effects of problem behavior in adolescence. This research is a "must" read for anyone concerned with how new freedoms and responsibilities impact adolescents, young adults, and the use of licit and illicit drugs.

Illicit drugs, despite the "war" waged by the United States government, remain a tremendous drain on the American economy and continue to take their toll on the lives of countless Americans. A comprehensive text with an instructor's manual, Drug Abuse and Social Policy in America analyzes why current US policy on the use of licit and illicit mood-altering drugs has failed. This groundbreaking book addresses differences between decriminalization, legalization, and "zero tolerance"--areas and philosophies that are poorly understood--and suggests a multipronged approach to diminish inappropriate drug use. Physicians, health care providers, teachers, law enforcement officers, policymakers, social service providers, and students of public policy and health will gain a better understanding of substance abuse as a societal problem, rather than an individual problem, and see that the billions of dollars spent on law enforcement would be better spent on education, prevention, treatment, and providing alternatives to drug use.Currently the leading risk factor associated with the transmission of HIV, illicit drugs continue to destroy the fabric of life in many inner-city communities. Yet, drugs are a problem for Americans from every corner of society, from suburban teenagers to pro athletes to homeless people. Author Barry Stimmel demonstrates in Drug Abuse and Social Policy in America that the drug problem is not being addressed adequately because of a lack of commitment from the majority of Americans and government leaders. The issues Drug Abuse and Social Policy in America asks readers to confront include: Why do we provide insufficient treatment facilities and incarcerate users, yet wonder why more prison space is needed? Why do we readily agree to build more prisons rather than community centers that provide alternatives for youths? Why are we concerned with teenage smoking and drinking, yet allow advertising of these substances? Why do we advocate rehabilitation, but not hire people in recovery? Why do we ask pregnant women with drug problems to seek help, then try to take custody of their children rather than provide social support while they receive treatment?Drug Abuse and Social Policy in America challenges academics, practitioners, and future social service providers and policymakers to rethink their entire conception of the problem of substance abuse in America with a cutting question: "Have we made any substantial progress in diminishing the sue of nicotine, the excessive consumption of alcohol, or the inappropriate use of prescription drugs, all of which are responsible for more illnesses and societal costs than all illicit drugs combined?" Identifying this as the place where all efforts to curb drug use must start, Drug Abuse and Social Policy in America offers readers many ways that individuals, communities, organizations, and society can take action and be more effective in convincing both those who consume drugs and those who profit from their sale that their actions are inappropriate and unacceptable.

This piece of literary detective work uncovers the hidden history of the two early texts of "Othello", the Quarto and the Folio. It traces the crucial roles played by two people who were closely involved in transforming Shakespeare's almost illegible manuscripts into print: Thomas Walkley, the publisher of Q, whose questionable editoral procedures and shaky finances were involving him in litigation with a printer and another of his authors during the period when Q "Othello" was passing through his hands; and Ralph Crane, the scribe who was responsible for preparing printer's copy for F. New evidence enables the author both to identify the scribe and to look in detail at his working practices. The author argues that many readings in the F text, adopted by almost all editors and long since regarded as fundamentally "Shakespearean", are substitutions highly characteristic of Crane, and not the words written by Shakespeare. Building on this information, and analyzing many passages in detail, the author questions time-honoured editorial procedures - among them the treatment of Shakespeare's verse.

Alcohol abuse is a major health problem in most parts of the world. This book focuses on the way in which alcohol affects the brain, with the aim of describing advances in the neuropsychology of alcoholism in a way that makes this work accessible to clinicians from a variety of backgrounds who treat people with alcohol-related problems.; The book is divided into four parts. Part One provides an introduction to the medical and neurological conditions that can result from alcoholism, and to the process of neuropsychological assessment. The problems involved in conducting research in this area are also considered. In Part Two, research that focuses directly on changes to the nervous system is surveyed. This includes studies of both the short-term and the chronic neurological changes in the brain caused by alcohol. In Part Three, studies of the neuropsychological effects of acute intoxication, social drinking and alcohol abuse are described. Finally, in Part Four, the implications of neuropsychological research for the assessment and management of patients with alcohol problems are considered.; The objective of this book is to collate the range of research work that is relevant to understanding how alcohol affects the brain. This includes both the acute and the chronic effects, at both the biological and physiological levels.

Substance misuse is one of the more common, yet baffling, problems confronting the practising mental health professional today. The issues involved in the misuse of substances can be so complex that some practitioners are inclined to avoid working with clients who have been diagnosed with a drug abuse problem.; This new guidebook is designed to assist clinicians with the task of conceptualizing, understanding and intervening with persons who abuse substances. It accomplishes this by offering practical suggestions, assessment procedures, and change strategies directed at the thoughts, feelings and behaviours believed to support a drug lifestyle. Although the approach described in this book utilizes a number of cognitive-behavioural techniques, the approach is unique in the sense that it also deals with the fear of change that frequently interferes with a client's ability to benefit from therapy. It also considers change strategies used by people who have escaped from a drug lifestyle without any type of treatment or formal intervention.; Momentarily arresting the lifestyle is the first step of intervention. This is followed by skill development in which the conditions, choices and cognitions associated with a drug lifestyle are targeted for intervention and change. In the final phase of this approach, the client is engaged in the resocialization process whereby he or she is encouraged to develop ways of thinking and behaving that are incompatible with continued misuse of psychoactive substances. The end result is a concise, yet comprehensive, examination of ways clinicans might facilitate change in persons previously committed to a drug lifestyle.

The diploma in social work requires its students to develop a greater awareness of alcohol-related problems. The first few chapters of this book examine the implications of recent community care legislation for government policy on alcohol; the prevalence of drinking problems amongst older people, which has been under-estimated; and recent research is reviewed on young people's drinking problems. In the second half of the book, empirical evidence is presented on the particular difficulties faced by ethnic, migrant and homeless groups and this emphasis on the centrality of social disadvantage leads on to a consideration of a specific social work role in the assessment and management of alcohol-related problems. The book is aimed at social work practitioners and students on prequalifying, qualifying and postqualifying social work courses, and it addresses key social work issues in relation to poverty, homelessness, discrimination and drinking problems.

The diploma in social work requires its students to develop a greater awareness of alcohol-related problems. The first few chapters of this book examine the implications of recent community care legislation for government policy on alcohol; the prevalence of drinking problems amongst older people, which has been under-estimated; and recent research is reviewed on young people's drinking problems. In the second half of the book, empirical evidence is presented on the particular difficulties faced by ethnic, migrant and homeless groups and this emphasis on the centrality of social disadvantage leads on to a consideration of a specific social work role in the assessment and management of alcohol-related problems. The book is aimed at social work practitioners and students on prequalifying, qualifying and postqualifying social work courses, and it addresses key social work issues in relation to poverty, homelessness, discrimination and drinking problems.

As the title suggests, this volume focuses on the ever-increasing problem of child and adolescent substance abuse. Substance Abuse in Children and Adolescents is unique because it devotes particular attention to the evaluation of intervention programs aimed at preventing substance abuse among youth. The authors elaborate on the scope of substance abuse, current theory and research regarding causes and risk factors, and alternative intervention approaches. Various types of interventions and approaches are broadly outlined from community-, school- and media-based interventions to more traditional forms of inpatient and outpatient treatments. Both treatment and prevention programs are detailed to better convey current research program applications. In addition, a particularly noteworthy discussion on evaluation of intervention programs and dissemination of these programs beyond the confines of research is presented. Written by three uniquely qualified authors, this authoritative volume offers researchers, students, and practitioners a practical resource for understanding and dealing with a topic of clinical and social significance. "What this book does best is provide guidelines for developing a research and service program for adolescents who are at risk for abusing substances. The issues that need to be dealt with in designing, implementing, evaluating, and disseminating a program and place are presented and explained thoroughly. . . . [This book] will help a diverse group of individuals understand and avoid the pitfalls of designing, implementing, and evaluating prevention and intervention programs for adolescents who are abusing substances." --Contemporary Psychology "[A part of] Sage's excellent Developmental Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry series. All three authors are experienced and sophisticated investigators in the domain of social welfare, public health and developmental psychology. This book reviews the various facets of substance abuse among young people. Particular attention is given to the design, implementation, and evaluation of intervention programs geared towards reducing the risk of substance abuse in such individuals." --Child & Family Behavior Therapy "Schinke et al. have done a remarkable job providing readers with a basic foundation with which to understand the state of the art in substance abuse prevention. As such, this book will prove very useful for practitioners who are contemplating the development of substance abuse prevention programs. Additionally, the overview of prevention, coupled with its clarity of expression and reasonable price make it an ideal addition to social work courses on children and adolescents, school of social work, or the prevention and treatment of chemical abuse." --Research on Social Work Practice "This is an interesting book. . . . The authors do cite some of the relevant demographic data concerning younger substance users in America, and some recent work on the issue of primary prevention." --Clinical Psychology Forum "This book is highly recommended to individuals involved in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of alcohol and other drug prevention programs for children and youth. The text can be a valuable resource particularly to health educators involved in the evaluation and dissemination of these programs. The text can also be an important resource for utilization in courses in which methods for the evaluation and dissemination of health education programs is emphasized as part of the course curricula. The minimal cost of this volume makes it an exceptional value in the marketplace of books in health education." --Health Values

Using a broadened conceptualization of agenda setting, this volume's objective is to examine the drug issue from mid-1984 to mid-1991 to determine how drug-related issues and events -- both real and fabricated -- and the primary agendas drove the issue over time. Based on this objective, four questions are posed:
* How did the media structure interpretations of drug issues and events?
* How did the president structure public relations interpretations and presentations of issue and event information over time?
* What were the interactions of the drug-issue agendas, the president's public relations agendas, the media, and the public, while controlling the policy agenda and a real-world measure of the severity of the drug problem?
* How did the relationships of these agendas differ during the Reagan and Bush presidencies?
These questions were addressed with detailed content analyses of the media agenda over time, the presidential public relations agenda over time, and a multivariate ARIMA analysis of the time series agendas. No previous studies to date have addressed and modeled these agendas simultaneously with ARIMA modeling methods.

The first volume to provide access to information on drug treatment systems from a wide cross-section of 20 countries, Drug Treatment Systems in an International Perspective examines the ways in which other counties from around the world have chosen to cope with the spread of illicit drugs. Now health planners and administrators, treatment professionals, researchers, and students can place the development of their own treatment systems in a wider context and can examine the extent to which that development shares common structural features with those of other countries and cultures. Following a comparative discussion of the various countries, the volume addresses four key issues: gender specific treatment, the politics of financing and evaluation, the private sector and state control, and exporting drug treatment ideologies. It provides a comparative and cross-cultural perspective on drug treatment approaches today and examines the influence of social, political, and economic forces on the treatment of drug addicts. In addition, the editors have included a handy glossary, which explains key terms unfamiliar to readers outside the particular country. Providing and interdisciplinary and cross-cultural perspective to drug treatment, Drug Treatment Systems in an International Perspective will be of interest academics, students, and professionals in psychology, especially those focusing on clinical psychology, addiction, dependency, and treatment. It will also be of great interest to public health planners and administrators.

Contents:
Introduction and Overview: Smoking's Relationship to Individual Differences, Psychopathology And Emotions; Smoking Motivation: Models, Issues, Affect and Emotion, Personality, Temperament and Psychopathology; Evidence of Affect Modulation, Performance Enhancement and Reinforcement; Mechanisms Underlying Nicotine's Reinforcing And Affect-Modulating Effects; Personality, Psychopathology, Tobacco Use and Individual Differences in Effects Of Nicotine; Gender Differences In Tobacco Use And Effects; SituationxTrait Adaptive Response STAR Model of Smoking; Implications of the SituationxTrait Adaptive Response STAR Model for Smoking Intervention.

First Published in 1995. This is Volume VI in the Child Abuse: A Multidisciplinary Survey series. The articles in this volume address the treatment of perpetrators of physical and sexual child abuse and neglect. The articles in this volume provide many insights into the treatment of perpetrators of child maltreatment. This title discusses that, although there is still much to learn about treating offenders, many programs seek to offer hope that prevention through treatment can be effective at stopping child abuse-one perpetrator at a time.

This work demonstrates the value of a multi-method approach to public policy analysis, arguing that descriptive historical studies, quantitative historical studies and cross-sectional quantitative studies are essentially compatible.

This work demonstrates the value of a multi-method approach to public policy analysis, arguing that descriptive historical studies, quantitative historical studies and cross-sectional quantitative studies are essentially compatible.

In recent years the growing incidence of the use and misuse of alcohol by children and adolescents has been causing increasing concern within society. This work is one of the few studies to examine the orientations towards alcohol of young children. Through a series of ingenious game-like activities, Fossey provides valuable insight into ways in which children learn about drinking. Some of the results are surprising and others are deeply disturbing, but they all emphasize the fact that most young people in drinking cultures begin to form their impressions about alcohol at a very tender age. This study suggests that there is a need for development of innovative and user-friendly alcohol education materials for use in primary as well as in secondary schools and colleges. "Growing up with Alcohol" should be useful reading for a range of people, including social science students, parents, teachers, researchers and practitioners in alcohol and health education.

In recent years the growing incidence of the use and misuse of alcohol by children and adolescents has been causing increasing concern within society. This work is one of the few studies to examine the orientations towards alcohol of young children. Through a series of ingenious game-like activities, Fossey provides valuable insight into ways in which children learn about drinking. Some of the results are surprising and others are deeply disturbing, but they all emphasize the fact that most young people in drinking cultures begin to form their impressions about alcohol at a very tender age. This study suggests that there is a need for development of innovative and user-friendly alcohol education materials for use in primary as well as in secondary schools and colleges. "Growing up with Alcohol" should be useful reading for a range of people, including social science students, parents, teachers, researchers and practitioners in alcohol and health education.

Chemical Dependency and Antisocial Personality Disorder gives you the information and clinical skills necessary to assess and evaluate persons suffering from substance abuse and/or antisocial personality disorders and details how you can develop effective psychotherapy and treatment strategies. From its helpful pages that contain diagnostic criteria and clinical interviewing and assessment guidelines, you learn to accurately diagnose substance use and antisocial personality disorders. The book also provides you with the historical and clinical perspectives of such disorders and their epidemiology and etiology to give you a thorough background and understanding of the subject. Case studies and therapy vignettes are included to provide you with actual clinical examples to illustrate concepts and ideas. You will appreciate the book's in-depth discussions of treatment strategies that can greatly enhance your effectiveness. You'll find this volume is an invaluable research resource for refreshing your approaches for helping persons with substance abuse and antisocial personality disorders.Much of the content of Chemical Dependency and Antisocial Personality Disorder is based on the author's two decades of experience working with patients suffering from substance use and antisocial personality disorders. Some topics addressed include: accurate differential diagnosis resistance the use of structure in treatment therapist-patient relationship dynamics treatment outcome effectiveness, relapse, and recovery. Alcohol/drug counselors, psychiatrists, psychologists, and corrections, probation, and parole officers who want to be more effective in their work with chemically dependent and antisocial clients will find this a practical, helpful, and informative guide. This enlightening book examines many of the most difficult and clinically problematic issues that are associated with the psychotherapy and rehabilitation of chemically dependent and/or antisocial patients. Much of the content of Chemical Dependency and Antisocial Personality Disorder is based on the author's two decades of experience working with patients suffering from substance use and antisocial personality disorders. Some topics addressed include accurate differential diagnosis, resistance, the use of structure in treatment, therapist-patient relationship dynamics, and treatment outcome effectiveness, relapse, and recovery. Alcohol/drug counselors, psychiatrists, psychologists, and corrections, probation, and parole officers who want to be more effective in their work with chemically dependent and antisocial clients will find this a practical, helpful, and informative guide.