While associated with comfort and pleasure, alcohol has been and is a 'problem' substance, both for medical and political authorities and for many drinkers. In this broad-ranging and innovative historical-sociological investigation, Valverde explores the ways in which both authorities and individual consumers have defined and managed the pleasures and dangers of alcoholic beverages. The author explores the question of free will versus determinism and how it has been challenged by ideas about addiction, morality and psychology during the last 150 years. The book draws on sources from the US, UK, Canada and elsewhere, and covers topics including nineteenth century 'dipsomania', the history of inebriate homes, Alcoholics Anonymous, fetal alcohol education and liquor control. It will appeal to readers in legal studies, criminology, sociology, psychology, social theory and the history of medicine.

Why are some psychoactive substances regarded as ?dangerous drugs?, to be controlled by the criminal law within a global prohibition regime, whilst others ? from alcohol and tobacco, through to those we call ?medicines? ? are seen and regulated very differently? A History of Drugs traces a genealogy of the construction and governance of the ?drug problem? over the past 200 years, calling into question some of the most fundamental ideas in this field: from ?addiction? to the very concept of ?drugs?. At the heart of the book is the claim that it was with the emergence in the late eighteenth century of modern liberal capitalism, with its distinctive emphasis on freedom, that our concerns about the consumption of some of these substances began to grow. And, indeed, notions of freedom, free will and responsibility remain central to the drug question today. Pursuing an innovative inter-disciplinary approach, A History of Drugs provides an informed and insightful account of the origins of contemporary drug policy. It will be essential reading for students and academics working in law, criminology, sociology, social policy, history and political science.

"Marijuana" seeks to bring to the reader the whole configuration of this problem, which, like the Sexual Revolution and the New Politics, was at the heart of the alienation felt by many young people during the second half of the 1960s and the fears of social breakdown voiced by many of their elders.

The book, first published in 1969, describes the history of marijuana use, how the drug was distributed in this country, the extent and patterns of its use by students and other groups, its possible connection with crime and drug addiction, and the widely differing arguments of its foes and supporters. It is replete with first-hand accounts by people who smoked and sold marijuana, as well as by those who studied the phenomenon from socio logical, psychiatric, legal, educational, and other viewpoints.

Much of the work published on marijuana has dealt with its chemical, medical, pharmacological, and agricultural aspects. While these approaches are necessarily touched upon here, the focus of this still timely volume is sociological; it is the only anthology from the period to concentrate on this aspect, to present articles topically, and to deal with all points of view. The new introduction by the editor reviews contemporary uses of marijuana and discusses how attitudes about it have changes. "Marijuana" is a fascinating and informative book for everyone, and it is a particularly valuable addition to courses in introductory sociology, social problems, social deviance, disorganization, social pathology, and criminology.

The Politics of Alcoholism can be read on one level as a fascinating history of the evolving politics of what this country is doing about "the problem of alcoholism." Not so long ago that problem was scarcely larger than a human hand against the horizon, but now it makes good, regular newspaper copy. This text follows through on the much-raised question of how a social problem becomes defined as a large scale problem, when the same phenomenon x Preface now labeled as "a problem" was not so named before. What is offered here is a direct attack on the rise into public visibility of something previously the concern of a relatively small number of people and groups, and which gets defined along the way as a problem for the whole nation. The second issue addressed is closer to the political scientist's traditional interest, namely the politics of handling public issues: research and theorizing here usually focus on interest groups, lobbying, public debate, legislative rights, constituencies, and so on.

According to the World Health Organization, approximately seventy percent of men and thirty percent of women in Russia smoke, and the WHO estimated that at the close of the twentieth century 280,000 Russians died every year from smoking-related illnesses ? a rate over three times higher than the global average. The demographic crisis in current Russia has occasioned interest by President Putin in health care efforts and by historians in the source of these problems. Tobacco in Russian History and Culture explores tobacco's role in Russian culture through a multidisciplinary approach starting with the growth of tobacco consumption from its first introduction in the seventeenth century until its pandemic status in the current post-Soviet health crisis.

The essays as a group emphasize the ways in which, from earliest contact, tobacco's status as a "foreign" commodity forced Russians to confront their national, political, and economic interests in its acceptance or rejection and find there markers of gender, class, or political identity. International contributors from the fields of history, literature, sociology, and economics fully present the dramatic impact of the weed called the "blossom from the womb of the daughter of Jezebel."

Providing a comprehensive analysis of drug misuse, dependence and the ways in which different parts of the world have responded to these problems, this volume examines aspects of the contemporary drug problem, the related debate and the way in which society is responding to it. Various controversial issues are covered, taking into account the way in which pressure groups would like to see changes in national and/or international drug control regimes. The book is drawn from extensive studies carried out by the UN over the last 15 years; each of the themes has been examined by a group of experts and lends itself to debate. Among the many topics discussed are: the legalization of drugs, prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, the macro and micro economy, supply and demand reduction and money laundering. The book will be a valuable resource for professionals and academics in law enforcement, health, social services, behavioural sciences, pharmacy and drug regulatory agencies.

An effective treatment to help those with addictions Victims of drug addiction, chronic illness, and mental illness all too often are overwhelmed with the affliction called hopelessness. Oxford Houses succeed because their substance abuse treatment approach instills the most powerful medicine-hope for recovery. Rescued Lives: The Oxford House Approach to Substance Abuse provides a comprehensive thought-provoking look at just how the innovative Oxford House model inspires positive action on one of our country's most serious problems-substance abuse. This powerful book presents the success stories of the people living in these community homes and explains just how it has worked for them. Rescued Lives: The Oxford House Approach to Substance Abuse gives an insightful review of Oxford House's history and the development of the approach. Residents' stories reveal the treatment process on the road to recovery, allowing readers to glimpse the path each individual must travel to gain entrance and assimilate into the House community. As the residents gain more control over themselves living substance free, the reader discovers the importance of relationships and reframing of self in the recovery process. This powerful book can provide hope to those individuals who feel they have lost themselves in alcohol, drugs, and mental illness. Foreword by substance abuse scholar Bill White. Topics in Rescued Lives: The Oxford House Approach to Substance Abuse include: * an overview of substance abuse in today's society * a history of Oxford House to the present * substance abuse treatment approaches * the process of a resident's entrance and assimilation * providing hope and living substance free * the nationwide expansion of Oxford Houses * recovery, and what it means to women, children, and families * criminal offenders in Oxford House * how the Oxford House model is constructed in order to help disenfranchised individuals from society * the nine Oxford House Traditions * a review of the strong evidence that Oxford House works -and why * and more! Rescued Lives: The Oxford House Approach to Substance Abuse is enlightening reading for educators and students of psychology, sociology, urban studies, education, and other courses designed to prepare students for careers in the helping professions. This book is also essential for practicing clinicians, anyone concerned with society's problems and those impacted by substance abuse and mental illness.

It is difficult to understand how society could have failed to recognize that children in abusive situations often live in families in which alcohol and other drugs are abused. Aimed at fostering more discussion between practitioners and scholars, this book explores unified approaches for prevention of and treatment for children and their parents who find themselves in these circumstances. The multidisciplinary cast of contributors probes such topics as the history of abusive behavior and intoxication using literary examples to illustrate key points; the research literature on drug-exposed children in the child welfare system and the interventions that facilitate their optimum development; the legislative and policy contexts in which potential collaborations between the fields of substance abuse and child welfare are being developed or abandoned; the damaging effects that parental and family substance abuse add to a host of child welfare problems; the need for clinicians to develop a sound therapeutic foundation to enhance their effectiveness with clients; and the search for solutions within drug-abuse treatment systems to develop services that improve the quality of life for children living with a drug-dependent parent. In addition, many contributors use writing devices to enhance comprehension of the issues. For example, one contributor uses a metaphor to examine what is important in the fields of substance abuse and child welfare, how we would begin to link them, what the stresses on this bridge would be, and why anyone would want to cross it. And, another contributor uses examples of successful collaborative efforts to examine the institutional, professional, and interpersonal barriers to collaboration between the fields of child welfare and substance abuse as well as the principles for overcoming these barriers. The book concludes with a provocative chapter that reminds us that not all substance abusers are child abusers. This book will help readers identify promising approaches to improve our nation?s health and the gaps that need to be bridged in order for meaningful improvement to occur.

This classic study is concerned with addiction to opiate-type drugs and their synthetic equivalents. Lindesmith proposes and systematically elaborates a rational, general theoretical account of the nature of the experiences which generate the addict's characteristic craving for drugs. While this theoretical position has obvious implications for addictions that resemble opiate addiction in that they also involve drugs which produce physical dependence and withdrawal distress, the author does not extend the theory to these other forms of addiction, such as alcoholism.

The central theoretical problem is posed by the fact that some persons who experience the effects of opiate-type drugs and use them for a period sufficient to establish physical dependence do not become addicts, while others under what appear to be the same conditions, do become addicted. The focus of theoretical attention is on those aspects of addiction which may reasonably he regarded as basic or essential in the sense that they are invariably manifested by all types of addicts regardless of place, time, method of use, social class, and other similar variable circumstances. Lindesmith then makes a brief statement of a view of current public policy concerning addiction in the United States reform which, it is believed, would substantially reduce the evils now associated with addiction and the large illicit traffic in drugs. He interviews approximately fifty addicts over a fairly extended period of time sufficient to establish an informal, friendly relationship of mutual trust.

The attempt to account for the differential reactions among drug users requires specification of the circumstances under which physical dependence results in addiction and in the absence of which it does not. It also requires careful consideration of the meaning of "addiction," spelled out in terms of behavior and attitudes characteristic of opiate addicts everywhere. This book strives to understand these aspects of addiction with the ultimate goal of understanding the factors which create its foundations.

Alfred R. Lindesmith (1905-1991) was professor of sociology at Indiana University and was one of the first scholars to provide a well-researched account on the subject of addiction. He believed that opiate addiction was based on dramatic shifts of an individual's mental and motivation states.

Substance Abuse in the Workplace makes a valuable contribution to the national movement to help stem the tide of drug abuse. The book begins with the history of substance abuse, continues with a discussion of how the human body functions normally or under the influence of chemicals, and follows with a toxicological description of the more common chemicals abused today in America. It discusses ways to help the abuser through identification and assistance programs and also covers the laws involved. The broad audience for Substance Abuse in the Workplace is includes middle and upper management, labor leaders, industrial hygienists, safety personnel, and workers.

Psychologists have spent thousands of years studying the learning processes of the white rat, yet until recently they have neglected the laboratory of everyday social behavior for studying learning in man. In this book the leading experts in learning theory and pharmacology examine the role of learning mechanisms in smoking. The results provide new insights into the study of learning and determine new directions for future research on smoking and its control.

Two opening essays establish the framework for the volume. One is a thorough review of research on controlling smoking behavior, and the other is a review of findings on the personality of the smoker and the non-smoker. A second part includes four essays. The first discusses the role played by habit in smoking, defining habit in terms of "fixed behavior patterns, over learned to the point of becoming automatic, and marked by decreasing awareness and increasing dependency on secondary rather than primary reinforcement." The second discusses mechanisms of self-control, concentrating on humiliation or the realization of "membership in an ethically repugnant class" as one typical means of achieving such control. The third is an excellent statement of the reinforcement position, and the fourth discusses the role of nicotine as an addictive agent. Part three presents the views of sociologists on smoking behavior and goes on to discuss the effects of prolonged alcohol ingestion on the eating, drinking, and smoking patterns of chronic alcoholics.

In its new approach to the study of smoking and learning behavior this book is of continuing interest to psychologists, psychiatrists, medical doctors, public health officers, teachers--anyone interested in the scientific study and practical control of smoking behavior. It is valuable collateral reading for courses in experimental psychology, social psychology, and health education on both the undergraduate and graduate levels.

"William A. Hunt" (1903-1986) was professor of psychology at Loyola University, Chicago. He was also chairman of the Department of Psychology at Northwestern University. During World War II, he headed the Navy's clinical psychology program. He has served as a member of the Medical Advisory Group to the Administrator of Veterans Affairs, the Army's Scientific Advisory Panel, and the Community Research and Resources Panel of the National Institutes of Mental Health, as well as being for many years a consultant to the Surgeons General of both the Army and Navy.

As a toast to success, a drowning of sorrows, a rite of passage, and the fuel for most social activities, alcohol plays a central role in our culture. Alcohol generates nearly $160 billion in US revenues annually and is a major source of tax revenue, making the stakes in the modern debate over its use, misuse, and regulation staggeringly high. Factor in the costs of alcohol-related illness and addiction, alcohol-related deaths, evolving social mores, legal precedents, and increasingly aggressive advertising and marketing and an already controversial subject becomes a heated, vigorous, and complicated battle. Synthesizing the divergent, interdisciplinary perspectives on alcohol sales, regulation, and consumption into a cohesive whole, Social and Economic Control of Alcohol: The 21st Amendment in the 21st Century draws on the expertise of key academic and legal figures to become the seminal volume in this burgeoning field of inquiry. Amidst a rapidly changing milieu of regulations, cultures, and emotions, it objectively re-examines issues surrounding the regulation and sale of alcohol with unparalleled breadth, depth, and unbiased focus. The book examines the foundation and basis for our current regulatory policy and how that foundation has shifted dramatically with changes in the law, marketing, consumer influence, and the impact of alcohol on society. With strong and relevant comparisons to historical studies and evaluations of past legislation, this book presents a critical analysis and definition of concepts and applications regarding alcohol control. Double-blind, peer-reviewed contributions outline specific concerns related to the development of new laws and policies, and consider how those policies may affect individuals, organizations, law, and society in general. Highlighting current findings and trends, this volume allows for a better understanding of the potential correlation and causal relationship between regulation, sales, and consumption patterns.

The changing face of the female smoker, from the lady smokers of the late nineteenth century to the lone mother of the late twentieth century, suggests that the history of smoking among women is not just about the assimilation of women into a male practice, but about the changing, and varied, circumstances of women's lives. In this innovative study, Elliott articulates the way in which the history of smoking among women raises complex questions about the construction of female identities in relation to smoking, and the implications of this for understanding smoking among women as a medical and public health problem. In addressing these questions, Elliott uses a variety of source material, from popular magazines to films to medical discourse, to map the history of smoking among women on to changing understandings of gender and social expectations of women over the twentieth century at a societal and an individual level.

Does success in school protect teenagers from drug use? Does drug use impair scholastic success? This book tackles a key issue in adolescent development and health--the education-drug use connection. The authors examine the links and likely causal connections between educational experiences, delinquent behavior, and adolescent use of tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine.
The book uses data from the University of Michigan's "Monitoring the Future" project. It focuses on a large and nationally representative sample of 8th grade students in the United States who were initially surveyed in 1991-1993 and then followed over the vitally important developmental period between ages 14 and 22. The volume uses a variety of statistical analysis techniques, and the findings can be understood by individuals with limited, as well as with extensive, backgrounds in research design. The findings convincingly demonstrate that if young people can be successful in school, it can improve a broad range of outcomes in their lives, not the least of which is their ability to resist pressures to use drugs. The book provides: a summary of the findings and conclusions; a review of relevant literature; a detailed discussion of the survey and analysis methods; the academic attainment of those in the longitudinal panel; the delinquent behaviors of panel members as they relate to measures of educational success; and the patterns of initiation, continuation, and cessation for each substance: cigarettes, marijuana, cocaine, and alcohol.
This book is intended for anyone who deals with education and/or substance use, including educational, developmental, and social psychologists; sociologists; epidemiologists;educators; and policy makers. The analysis of panel survey data, using a variety of techniques, will also appeal to survey methodologists and students.

This book is an innovative and compelling work that develops a modified moral panic model illustrated by the drugs in sport debate. Drawing on Max Weber's work on moral authority and legitimacy, McDermott argues that doping scandals create a crisis of legitimacy for sport governing bodies and other elite groups. This crisis leads to a moral panic, where the issue at stake for elite groups is perceptions of their organizational legitimacy. The book highlights the role of the media as a site where claims to legitimacy are made, and contested, contributing to the social construction of a moral panic. The book explores the way regulatory responses, in this case anti-doping policies in sport, reflect the interests of elite groups and the impact of those responses on individuals, or "folk devils." The War on Drugs in Sport makes a key contribution to moral panic theory by adapting Goode and Ben-Yehuda's moral panic model to capture the diversity of interests and complex relationships between elite groups. The difference between this book and others in the field is its application of a new theoretical perspective, supported by well-researched empirical evidence.

Working with Children of Alcoholics was originally published when the plight of children of alcoholics was just beginning to gain widespread public attention. It was the first book to provide professionals with a direct, step-by-step approach that shows them not only what to look for when working with children but what they can do to help them. Some of the critical topics covered include identifying children of alcoholics, establishing effective childrenÆs programs, treatment strategies for children of alcoholics, life and survival in an alcoholic home, the intergenerational transmission of alcoholism, the psychological adjustment of children of alcoholics, health and safety hazards, and academic and behavioral concerns. Working with Children of Alcoholics includes extensive resources such as names of helpful organizations, periodicals, therapeutic games, and curriculum materials. The book will be of interest to social workers, public health workers, psychologists, school administrators, drug and alcohol counselors, pastoral counselors, teachers, and treatment centers. It makes an excellent supplemental text for graduate and undergraduate courses in family and community, adjustment problems of children and youth, substance abuse, human services and community problems.

This text argues that all primary alcoholics and many alcohol abusers need intensive individual psychotherapy. A structured psychodynamic therapy approach is described, which the author claims can successfully treat 80per cent of primary alcoholics in only 18 months.

Does success in school protect teenagers from drug use? Does drug use impair scholastic success? This book tackles a key issue in adolescent development and health--the education-drug use connection. The authors examine the links and likely causal connections between educational experiences, delinquent behavior, and adolescent use of tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine.
The book uses data from the University of Michigan's "Monitoring the Future" project. It focuses on a large and nationally representative sample of 8th grade students in the United States who were initially surveyed in 1991-1993 and then followed over the vitally important developmental period between ages 14 and 22. The volume uses a variety of statistical analysis techniques, and the findings can be understood by individuals with limited, as well as with extensive, backgrounds in research design. The findings convincingly demonstrate that if young people can be successful in school, it can improve a broad range of outcomes in their lives, not the least of which is their ability to resist pressures to use drugs. The book provides: a summary of the findings and conclusions; a review of relevant literature; a detailed discussion of the survey and analysis methods; the academic attainment of those in the longitudinal panel; the delinquent behaviors of panel members as they relate to measures of educational success; and the patterns of initiation, continuation, and cessation for each substance: cigarettes, marijuana, cocaine, and alcohol.
This book is intended for anyone who deals with education and/or substance use, including educational, developmental, and social psychologists; sociologists; epidemiologists;educators; and policy makers. The analysis of panel survey data, using a variety of techniques, will also appeal to survey methodologists and students.

Do criminal cultures generate drug use? Crime, Drugs and Social Theory critiques conventional academic and policy thinking concerning the relationship between urban deprivation, crime and drug use. Chris Allen outlines an innovative constructionist phenomenological perspective to explore these relationships in a new light. He discusses how people living in deprived urban areas develop 'natural attitudes' towards activities, such as crime and drug use, that are prevalent in the social worlds they inhabit, and shows that this produces forms of articulation such as 'I don't know why I take drugs', 'I just take them' and 'drugs come naturally to me'. He then draws on his constructionist phenomenology to help understand the 'natural attitude' towards crime and drugs that emerge from conditions of urban deprivation, as well as the non-reasoned forms of articulation that emerge from this attitude. The book argues that understanding the conditions in which drug users deviate from their 'natural attitude' can help effective intervention in the lives of drug users.

What does drug addiction mean to us? What did it mean to others in the past? And how are these meanings connected? In modern society the idea of drug addiction is a given and commonly understood concept, yet this was not always the case in the past. This book uncovers the original influences that shaped the creation and the various interpretations of addiction as a disease, and of addiction to opiates in particular. It delves into the treatments, regimes, and prejudices that surrounded the condition, a newly emerging pathological entity and a form of 'moral insanity' during the nineteenth century. The source material for this book is rich and surprising. Letters and diaries provide the most moving material, detailing personal struggles with addiction and the trials of those who cared and despaired. Confessions of shame, deceit, misery and terror sit alongside those of deep sensual pleasure, visionary manifestations and blissful freedom from care. The reader can follow the lifelong opium careers of literary figures, artists and politicians, glimpse a raw underworld of hidden drug use, or see the bleakness of urban and rural poverty alleviated by daily doses of opium. Delving into diaries, letters and confessions this book exposes the medical case histories and the physician's mad, lazy, commercial, contemptuous, desperate, altruistic and frustrated attempts to deal with drug addiction. It demonstrates that many of the stigmatising prejudices arose from false 'facts' and semi-mythical beliefs and thus has significant implications, not only for the history of addiction, but also for how we view the condition today.

The second edition of this book incorporates the latest theory, research, and best practices for understanding, treating, and preventing substance abuse among adolescents. It updates the progress made in treatments for and prevention of the misuse of substances and adds new specific chapters on prescriptions, opiates, and methamphetamine abuse. The book discusses the effects of commonly abused substances, from tobacco and alcohol to stimulants and opioids, on the human brain and the various psychosocial routes to their misuse by adolescents. Chapters provide evidence-based guidelines for assessing adolescent treatment needs and review psychological, pharmacological, family, and self-help interventions. The book offers new paths in diverse directions, analyzes the core components of substance use prevention, critiques emerging school-based interventions, and introduces a nuanced reconceptualization of recovery. Topics featured in the book include: The effect of family and caregiver situations on adolescent substance abuse. A biological/genetic perspective on adolescent substance abuse. School-based preventions and the evolution of evidence-based strategies. The role of adolescent self-help in substance abuse interventions. Community-based interventions to reduce alcohol use and misuse. Adolescent Substance Abuse, Second Edition, is a must-have reference for researchers, clinicians/practitioners, and graduate students in the fields of child and school psychology, social work, public health, developmental psychology, child and adolescent psychiatry, and various interrelated mental health and social policy arenas.

A Brief History of Cocaine, Second Edition provides a fascinating historical insight into the reasons why cocaine use is increasing in popularity and why the rise of the cocaine trade is tightly linked with the rise of terrorism The author illustrates the challenges faced by today's governments and explains why current anti-drug efforts have had only a limited effect on this global market. This updated edition reexamines the impact of cocaine production, trade, and consumption on society beginning in the 16th century. It shows how the commercialization of cocaine was driven by cartels of Swiss and German pharmaceutical companies and private enterprises across Europe, Asia, and the United States. The author shows how government policies slowly transformed from trade, shipping, and manufacturing regulations, with little or no success in stemming the flow of drugs. The book describes how anti-drug laws, treaties, and costly initiatives involving crop substitution, crop suppression, interdiction, and international cooperation were first attempted more than 400 years ago and why these strategies failed for Colonial Spain and later backfired on the League of Nations. The author shows how economic necessity among growers, the environmental impact of pesticides, the potential for genetic engineering of coca plants, and other loopholes have actually been counterproductive, undermining the current efforts to curb the cocaine trade. Featuring new and reorganized chapters, A Brief History of Cocaine, Second Edition contains the latest data and statistics relating drug trafficking to terrorism, and explains recent trends in worldwide production, consumption, cost competition, and international transport. This book offers a well-rounded historical perspective that is ideal for criminal justice practitioners, teachers, students, and anyone interested in this topic.

Time-effective intervention and prevention tools for dealing with addiction Addiction, Assessment, and Treatment with Adolescents, Adults, and Families examines addiction concerns ranging from prevention to relapse, offering effective intervention techniques and assessment tools to ensure delivery of the best possible service to clients who represent a variety of populations and mental health issues. Leading addiction researchers address new developments in theory, methodology, treatment, and assessment on counselor beliefs, contingency management, group treatment, rapid assessment instruments, behavioral couples therapy (BCT), family-based intervention, motivational interviewing, and 12-step programs and faith-based recovery. This essential professional and academic resource presents case studies, reviews, research findings, and empirical papers that offer unique perspectives on a variety of topics, including evidenced-based practice, theory of reasoned action, harm reduction, juvenile justice, and treatment outcomes. Addiction, Assessment, and Treatment with Adolescents, Adults, and Families presents sophisticated, cutting-edge theory and practice concepts that provide professionals, practitioners, and educators with a more varied focus than most current available books on addiction. Counselors working in mental health settings and EAP programs, psychiatric nurses working in hospitals and outpatient settings, social workers, and students pursuing degrees in social work, nursing, psychology, and criminal justice will benefit from the book's wide range of appropriate addiction, treatment, and prevention methodologies. Topics addressed in Addiction, Assessment, and Treatment with Adolescents, Adults, and Families include: understanding the gap between research and practice in substance abuse counseling prevalence and patterns of illicit drug use among juvenile offenders the relationship between the reported substance abuse of African-American and Hispanic youth and their perceived attachments with their primary caregivers using a harm reduction approach to the evaluation of treatment outcomes using a nonconfrontational approach to substance abuse counseling when addressing client denial why contingency management interventions are underutilized, especially in community settings how to determine if and when Motivational Interviewing (MI) and Adapted Motivational Interviewing (AMI) are effective how to use nonabstinence-based prevention services in working with adolescents how to use and score the K6 scale to screen serious mental illnesses how to use Receiver Operating Characteristics analysis to evaluate rapid assessment instruments Addiction, Assessment, and Treatment with Adolescents, Adults, and Families is a vital professional resource and an invaluable aid to adults, adolescents, and families of anyone suffering with some level of addiction.

The British system of dealing with drug addiction is notable for its flexibility and its capacity to adapt to changing circumstances. Because of this it has attracted considerable international interest, although it is rarely fully understood or accurately represented.
Presenting a comprehensive account of the development of policies and treatments, Heroin Addiction brings together the perspectives of policy makers, practitioners and social commentators. The book contributes to a proper understanding of how policy and practice has evolved so that lessons for future policy and practice may be identified.
Volume II of Heroin Addiction charts the development and use of treatment and policy responses in the UK, highlighting the limitations of these approaches as well as their achievements. It is a unique source of reference for students, researchers, healthcare professionals and drug agencies both in the UK and overseas.

Drugs have been used in many ways since antiquity - for relaxation, as aphrodisiacs, for medical purposes, as stimulants and for pain relief. In this book the author examines the abuse of drugs in the West and the social problems that arise from their use; the value of the illegal drugs business which is now one of the four largest money-earners in the world; the involvement of governments (openly or covertly) in this lucrative trade; and the failure of drug enforcement programs either to curtail the supply of drugs or to persuade users to abandon their habit. Particular chapters examine the major sources of drugs - cocaine from South America; heroin from the Golden Triangle and the Golden Crescent in Asia; the constantly changing routes used for the distribution of drugs; the growth of African involvement in drug trafficking; the role of Europe as both a major drug consuming region and source of drugs in the ecstasy group; the problem of money-laundering. Finally, the author examines the impact, success or failure of anti-drug programs and looks at alternative ways of dealing with the problem.