Have the nations of the world begun to converge with respect to drug policy? Which countries have remained apart from the international dialogue? Which have taken steps to forge new, more liberal policies stressing education, treatment, and alternative community-based intervention? Focusing specifically on cannabis, cocaine, and heroin, Illicit Drug Policies, Trafficking, and Use the World Over presents a brief history and analysis of the current laws and policies regarding illicit drugs-widely considered to be a growing international health threat-in twenty five different countries. With its wide breadth of data and analysis, this volume will be valuable for both scholars and students of this seemingly intractable social, legal, and political problem.

Drugs have been used in many ways since antiquity - for relaxation, as aphrodisiacs, for medical purposes, as stimulants and for pain relief. In this book the author examines the abuse of drugs in the West and the social problems that arise from their use; the value of the illegal drugs business which is now one of the four largest money-earners in the world; the involvement of governments (openly or covertly) in this lucrative trade; and the failure of drug enforcement programs either to curtail the supply of drugs or to persuade users to abandon their habit. Particular chapters examine the major sources of drugs - cocaine from South America; heroin from the Golden Triangle and the Golden Crescent in Asia; the constantly changing routes used for the distribution of drugs; the growth of African involvement in drug trafficking; the role of Europe as both a major drug consuming region and source of drugs in the ecstasy group; the problem of money-laundering. Finally, the author examines the impact, success or failure of anti-drug programs and looks at alternative ways of dealing with the problem.

A psychiatrist examines how the world's four most important mind-altering substances- alcohol, cocaine, nicotine, and opiates-have played a significant role throughout human history, and explains how these powerful drugs affect the brain and cause addiction. Alcohol, cocaine, nicotine, and opiates have spurred some of the greatest human pleasure and pain across time. Providing information that ranges as widely as from ancient Egypt to modern times, this book comprehensively addresses the good, the bad, and the very ugliest aspects of these substances, examining their history, their effects on the brain and body, and on civilization itself. Frances R. Frankenburg, MD, employs accessible, everyday language to explain the neurology of addiction and describe how these "brain-robbing" substances work to hijack the brain's pleasure systems to create powerful addictions. The author also provides perspective into the intertwined, inescapable, and often uneasy relationship between these substances and human culture, economics, and politics-for example, how individuals become physically or psychologically addicted to alcohol, cocaine, nicotine, and opiates, while governments become financially "addicted" to the revenue, such as taxes, that can be collected from the sale and use of these substances. Presents a historical review of four plant-derived drugs-alcohol, cocaine, nicotine, and opiates-and their effects throughout human civilization, as well as a fascinating exploration of the mystery and misery of addiction Provides comprehensive explanations of medical and psychiatric effects of these drugs Supplies stories of people who made discoveries about these drugs or who had their lives altered by them Describes the discovery of the way in which the brain works Includes illustrations of brain pathways and of the four plants of origin for these drugs, and maps showing drug trade triangles

The phenomenon of psycho-active drugs, and our reactions to them, is one of the most fascinating topics of the social history of mankind. Starting with an analysis of the 'policy of fear' in which law enforcement is 'haunted' by drug money, Drugs and Money offers a radical reconsideration of this highly contentious issue.
In this intriguing book, Petrus C. van Duyne and Michael Levi expose an ever-unfolding series of problems:

• the proliferation of mind-influencing substances
• the complications of international drug regulation
• the interaction between markets and economic actors, with the consequent amassing of huge amounts of crime-money.

The social, cultural and economic aspects of this crime-money are explored, alongside the ongoing threat it poses to the legitimate economy and the state.

The British system of dealing with drug addiction is notable for its flexibility and its capacity to adapt to changing circumstances. Because of this it has attracted considerable international interest, although it is rarely fully understood or accurately represented.
Presenting a comprehensive account of the development of policies and treatments, Heroin Addiction brings together the perspectives of policy makers, practitioners and social commentators. The book contributes to a proper understanding of how policy and practice has evolved so that lessons for future policy and practice may be identified.
Volume II of Heroin Addiction charts the development and use of treatment and policy responses in the UK, highlighting the limitations of these approaches as well as their achievements. It is a unique source of reference for students, researchers, healthcare professionals and drug agencies both in the UK and overseas.

Cigarette Wars is a meticulously researched, engagingly written history of the first anti-cigarette movement in America, 1880 to 1930, when cigarettes were both legally restricted and socially stigmatized. Progressive reformers and religious fundamentalists often came together to condemn smoking, but their efforts failed after the First World War, when millions of soldiers smoked and smoking began to be associated with freedom and modernity. Early anti-cigarette movement activities articulated virtually every issue that is still being debated about smoking today. Theirs was not a failure of determination but of timing.

Substance abuse and its social consequences are a major public concern for communities throughout the world. The motivations and consequences are deeply imbedded within the social and political structures of all countries, whether they be well-established democracies or developing nations.

Every culture shapes the meaning of and responses to substances such as marijuana and heroin over time and across locations, but the broader drug issue has become universal. As the sphere of the problem expands, the experiences and solutions of each nation become more relevant to other countries. International concern over substance abuse has intensified as a result of the rise in production, use, and trafficking of illicit drugs all over the world. Therefore, the practical knowledge of policy development and abuse prevention and treatment strategies in the Middle East have increasing relevance for the rest of the world.

Contents:
Preface 1. Philip Bean and Teresa Nemitz Introduction 2 Joy Mott What Should Work: guidelines on the clinical management of opioid dependence in the UK 3. Ken Checinski and Hamid Ghodse Types of Treatments for Types of Patients 4. Michael Gossop Developments in the Treatment of Drug Problems 5. Colin Brewer Psychological and Pharmacological Components of Treatment 6. Douglas Longshore, Michael Prendergast and David Farrabee Coerced Treatment for Drug-Using Criminal Offenders 7. Nicholas Seivewright and Muhammad Iqbal Treating Patients with Comorbidities 8. Jay Carver Drug Testing as a Necessary Prerequisite for Treatment and for Crime Control 9. Philip Bean and Andrew Ravenscroft Therapeutic Addicts Revisited 10. Tammy L. Anderson and Lana Harrison Therapeutic Community Drug Treatment in the U.S. Criminal Justice System 11. Paul Hayes Treating Drug Users: the role of the National Treatment Agency for substance misuse 12. Philip Bean Linking Treatment Services to the Criminal Justice System 13. Joris Casselman Motivation Enhancement in Clients Referred from the Criminal Justice System

Drugs affect every aspect of our society with youths presenting the highest group addicted. Unfortunately, traditional drug treatment programs historically have not considered involving youths to a significant degree. In Youths Serving Youths In Drug Education Programs, George Taylor contends that youth involvement in drug treatment programs is beneficial because: 1. Peer groups appear to be more successful with youth drug abusers better than traditional methods. 2. Youths tend to communicate and address issues associated with drug problems, such as culture, values and socioeconomic conditions, at a level that is more easily understood. 3. Youths appear to be more culturally sensitive to each other when dealing with drug related problems. Youths Serving Youths in Drug Education Programs (Y.S.Y.D.E.P.) is mostly student driven, with youths fully participating in all aspects of the drug program. Youths chosen for this proposed program must be drug free and highly recommended by educators, parents, peers, and community agencies. They must be above average in communication, social and academic skills, be trained extensively in drug education, and be certified to be involved. Research findings show that using youths in drug education programs helps to significantly increase abstinence among youths taking drugs. Research also has consistently supported strategies proposed by Elford as an innovative approach to reducing drug usage among youth. This is a must read for anyone involved in drug education programs.

Wild Horses is a brutally powerful, unflinching account of the heroin epidemic that swept across Catalonia in the 1980s. The novel, told from a variety of points of view, tells the story of a group of friends as they buy, sell, and consume heroin and other drugs in their home town. Wild Horses is a kaleidoscope of voices, stories, song lyrics and heartbreakingly all-too-real characters. It is a true classic of modern story-telling that is both shocking and captivating at the same time.

The author uses fictitious dialogue, almost novel-like, to explore the nature of drug use and the therapeutic process involved in helping someone overcome the emotional and psychological difficulties that can be associated with their drug use.

Childhood trauma, recovered memories, dissociated states are all addressed in this compelling read.

While well over one million small-time drug users languish in overcrowded prisons because of nonviolent drug offenses, tens of thousands of others get rich from legal and illegal drugs. Drug company representatives persuade doctors to prescribe inferior products. Children as young as two are routinely given powerful drugs. Legal drugs, taken exactly as prescribed, are a leading cause of illness and death. Scientists beholden to drug companies fabricate and misrepresent data. This eye-opening book richly documents disturbing trends in Western medicine and urges readers toward a broader understanding of drug use and abuse. Leavitt shows how and why American society must change its medical and policy approaches to drugs and re-orient medical practice to new ways of thinking.

Contents:
List of tables List of figures 1. Introduction 2. An historical overview of the social construction of the British 'drug problem' 3. Measuring the 'problem': drug use in contemporary Britain 4. The British State's legal and medical responses to illicit drug use 5. Illicit drugs: growth and production 6. illicit drugs: markets and market forces 7. Illicit drugs: paying for the goods and assessing the costs 8. 'Forget the myth we're desperados standing on street corners. This is a demand led market' 9. 'Let's get real': contemporary directions in UK drug policy 10. British drug policy in a European context bibliography Index

This volume is a new contribution to the dynamic scholarly discussion of the control and regulation of psychoactive substances in culture and society. Offering new critical reflections on the reasons prohibitions have historically arisen, the book analyses "prohibitions" as ambivalent and tenuous interactions between the users of psychoactive substances and regulators of their use. This original collection of essays engages with contemporary debates concerning addiction, intoxication and drug regulation, and will be of interest to scholars in the arts, humanities and social sciences interested in narratives of prohibition and their social and cultural meanings.

Hallucinogens: A Forensic Drug Handbook is a comprehensive reference for everyone involved in the identification, investigation, and forensic analysis of hallucinogenic drugs. The text begins with a review of the history of these drugs and their abuse, and then takes an in-depth look at the many different types of hallucinogens, their chemical make-up, how they affect users, how they are manufactured and distributed, and how they can be detected and analyzed.
Hallucinogens covers the most commonly abused drugs such as LSD, MDMA ("Ecstasy"), and PCP ("Angel Dust"), as well as many lesser-known chemical substances that cause similar effects. Chapters have been contributed by leading analysts and investigators around the world, and are highlighted with numerous illustrations. This unique handbook will serve is a cross-disciplinary source of information for forensic toxicologists, law enforcement officers, and others involved in the fight against drugs.
* Brings together comprehensive information on hallucinogenic drugs in one convenient source
* Covers everything from abuse of these drugs to pharmacology, effects, forms, manufacturing methods, distribution, and forensic analysis
* Contains numerous illustrations, chemical structures, and analytic spectra for each drug
* Includes contributions from many of the world's leading investigators and analysts

In recent years, the use of illegal substances has increased, particularly 'designer' drugs which have rapidly become part of youth culture. The need for all involved in drug control to have up to date information about the subject has never been greater. This book helps meet this need by providing a chemical background to the legal controls on drugs of abuse. Although focussed on the UK, some of the provisions of the Misuse of Drugs Act derive from international treaties; the discussion of technical aspects is therefore of wider relevance. Apart from the Act itself, the book also deals with certain aspects of the Misuse of Drugs Regulations. There is detailed coverage of 'designer drugs' and the generic legislation that was introduced to tackle them. The more recent addition of 35 'Ecstasy'-like substances is covered in depth. The significance to the legislation of terms such as salt, base, stereoisomer, ester, ether, derivative, homologue and isotope are described, and the text is supplemented by 23 Tables and over 80 chemical structures. There are eleven Appendices covering topics such as precursor chemicals, related legislation, stated cases, sentencing guidelines and the chemical characteristics of commonly-abused drugs. Up-to-date lists of controlled drugs, with cross references to their status in UN treaties, are provided and a number of pending and other possible changes to the Act are included together with a guide to nomenclature and synonyms. Although primarily aimed at forensic scientists, this book will be of great benefit to all bodies concerned with drug control, including the police, customs officers, lawyers and government departments.

This fascinating history of international drug trafficking in the first half of the twentieth century follows the stories of American narcs and gangsters, Japanese spies, Chinese warlords, and soldiers of fortune whose lives revolved around opium. The drug trade centered on China, which was before 1949, the world's largest narcotic market. The authors tell the interlocking stories of the many extraordinary personalities_sinister and otherwise_involved in narcotics trafficking in Asia, Europe, and the United States. Drawing on a rich store of U.S., British, European, Japanese, and Chinese archives, this unique study will be invaluable for all readers interested in the drug trade and contemporary East Asian history.

Working with Substance Misusers is a practical handbook for students and those who work with people who misuse drugs or alcohol. Written by experienced teachers and clinicians, the book introduces:
* the substances themselves
* theories relevant to substance use and misuse
* the skills necessary to work with this client group
* the broad range of approaches to treatment
* particular problems of specific groups.

The reader is encouraged to read and reflect on the material in relation to their own practice. To help this process, each topic has an identified set of learning objectives. Activities designed to reinforce learning include discussion points, case studies, role plays and group exercises.

Working with Substance Misusers makes clear the connection of theory to practice and encourages a skills-based, but reflective, approach to work in this complex field. Cutting across professional boundaries, it provides both new and more experienced practitioners with a key text.

This is a comprehensive clinical resource for addiction counselors who want to learn about the psychological components of the problem, for individual therapists--dynamic, cognitive, and behavioral--who want to understand systems approaches in order to draw on a broader repertoire of useful interventions, and for couple and family therapists who want to learn more about the intrapsychic, biological, and pharmacological aspects of addiction. Dr. Jerome D. Levin takes the reader down the parallel paths of addiction treatment and individual and family therapy until they meet on the bridge of actual clinical practice. Practitioner, professor, prolific author, and respected authority in the field, Dr. Levin uses approaches to the treatment of alcoholism as a model for illustrating how theory, research, technique, and flying by the seat of the professional pants can integrate into a therapeutic style to help substance abusers and their partners and families.

At a world level addiction and the fall-out from substance use is affecting more and more lives. Professionals are increasingly being confronted with puzzling, multifaceted aspects of substance use, whether they work in a clinic, the laboratory or the community.
If you are a member of any caring profession, sooner or later you will encounter problems caused by drugs, alcohol and tobacco. In order to understand substance use and substance users, no single discipline can provide all the answers. In a novel way, this book integrates biological science, social science and clinical experience. It draws together contributions from experts in these diverse and rapidly growing fields, providing the reader with a deeper capacity to engage with problems effectively.
Drink, Drugs and Dependence includes thought-provoking examples, illustrations and test questions to support problem-based learning. Designed to be read consecutively or as a reference text, it will be a welcome resource for all those working in the field of addiction.

At a world level addiction and the fall-out from substance use is affecting more and more lives. Professionals are increasingly being confronted with puzzling, multifaceted aspects of substance use, whether they work in a clinic, the laboratory or the community.
If you are a member of any caring profession, sooner or later you will encounter problems caused by drugs, alcohol and tobacco. In order to understand substance use and substance users, no single discipline can provide all the answers. In a novel way, this book integrates biological science, social science and clinical experience. It draws together contributions from experts in these diverse and rapidly growing fields, providing the reader with a deeper capacity to engage with problems effectively.
Drink, Drugs and Dependence includes thought-provoking examples, illustrations and test questions to support problem-based learning. Designed to be read consecutively or as a reference text, it will be a welcome resource for all those working in the field of addiction.

Heroin is a drug that myths are made of. Whether smuggled in the stomach of a camel or used as the ultimate symbol of lifestyle chic, no drug has been more argued over and legislated against, no drug has been more subject to misinformation and moral panic.
Heroin Century sets the record straight. It contains a wealth of historical and medical information about this drug which made its first appearance as a miracle medicine over a hundred years ago and makes recommendations for its future in the twenty-first century. Evidence shows that heroin is dangerous principally because it is illegal. The authors argue that a more relaxed relationship between society and the drug would benefit both the economy and public health and safely.
Individual chapters describe the history of heroin production; the makeup of heroin and evolving methods of use; the spread of heroin and international efforts at control; typical "career" patterns of users, ranging from occasional recreational use to destructive dependence; the subjective experience of taking heroin; the association between heroin and crime; the use of heroin in medicine and its effects on physical health; the history of the treatment of heroin dependence; and likely changes in heroin use in the future. The authors have drawn on literary and artistic sources as well as the large pool of scientific literature to compile a comprehensive and fascinating account of this world-changing drug.

Heroin Century makes available a wealth of information about the history, chemistry, pharmacology and medical aspects of heroin in a form accessible to anyone who wishes to participate in the contemporary debate bout society's attitude to drugs.

Tom Carnwath is a Consultant Psychiatrist currently working with drug misuse services in Manchester. Ian Smith has trained in sociology and is currently Service Development Manager for drug services in Manchester.

Heroin is a drug that myths are made of. Whether smuggled in the stomach of a camel or used as the ultimate symbol of lifestyle chic, no drug has been more argued over and legislated against, no drug has been more subject to misinformation and moral panic.
Heroin Century sets the record straight. It contains a wealth of historical and medical information about this drug which made its first appearance as a miracle medicine over a hundred years ago and makes recommendations for its future in the twenty-first century. Evidence shows that heroin is dangerous principally because it is illegal. The authors argue that a more relaxed relationship between society and the drug would benefit both the economy and public health and safely.
Individual chapters describe the history of heroin production; the makeup of heroin and evolving methods of use; the spread of heroin and international efforts at control; typical "career" patterns of users, ranging from occasional recreational use to destructive dependence; the subjective experience of taking heroin; the association between heroin and crime; the use of heroin in medicine and its effects on physical health; the history of the treatment of heroin dependence; and likely changes in heroin use in the future. The authors have drawn on literary and artistic sources as well as the large pool of scientific literature to compile a comprehensive and fascinating account of this world-changing drug.

Heroin Century makes available a wealth of information about the history, chemistry, pharmacology and medical aspects of heroin in a form accessible to anyone who wishes to participate in the contemporary debate bout society's attitude to drugs.

Tom Carnwath is a Consultant Psychiatrist currently working with drug misuse services in Manchester. Ian Smith has trained in sociology and is currently Service Development Manager for drug services in Manchester.

What Were Your Parents Doing Back Then? is a comprehensive, in-depth study of teen drug and alcohol abuse that begins in the "hip" days of the 1970's, travels through the economic boom of the 1990's, and continues on until the present time. Lowney combines qualitative, descriptive research with statistical quantitative data over a 31-year period to present a human understanding of young people's drug use.

bThe growing use of illicit drugs among women has become a major concern for health professionals and social services. The reluctance of drug-using women to seek help from drug agencies and to disclose their use of drugs to ante-natal, midwifery and social services is now officially recognised by government agencies. However, devising an appropriate strategy that will overcome these fears will not be easy without a better understanding of their causes and effects.
Drug Misuse and Motherhood gives drug-using mothers a voice. Based on longitudinal research and in-depth interviews it provides new insights and much-needed information in five key areas:
* family life
* pregnancy
* motherhood
* service delivery and development
* implications for policy.
The user-perspective of this book is balanced by the professional viewpoint on the same issues. It offers a unique source of data for researchers and fresh inspiration for practitioners working in the field.

eBook available with sample pages: PB:0415271959 EB:0203166396