With the World Health Organization estimating that nearly four percent of global deaths are due to alcohol, alcohol misuse can be an extremely damaging social problem, and one that governments around the world have endeavored to address through a range of policy strategies. Regulating Alcohol around the World explores historical and contemporary case studies in multiple countries to gain a richer understanding of the political, economic, and other forces that influence alcohol-related policymaking. The case studies presented in the book investigate a range of different kinds of alcohol policies, including prohibition strategies, general efforts to reduce alcohol's social harms, and more targeted policies. The explanatory value of leading theories from political science, policy studies, anthropology, and other fields is assessed, with particular reference to the influence of cultural and historical factors on approaches to alcohol regulation. The book adopts a global perspective and offers guidance for students, researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and other stakeholders about the lessons that can be learned from previous efforts to change alcohol policies. As such, it will be of interest to practitioners in the fields of health and alcohol abuse prevention, as well as scholars and students of social policy, criminology, and the sociology of health, addiction, and social problems.

Now in its seventh edition, Living with Drugs continues to be a well-respected and indispensable reference tool. Michael Gossop has updated this new edition to take account of new laws and practices that have come in to place since the previous edition, published in 2007. Written in an accessible style and providing a balanced perspective, the book is ideal for non-specialists in training, such as student nurses and social workers and for anyone with an interest in this complex, ever-present and emotive issue.

Exploring current issues of drug use by young people, Intervening with Drug-Involved Youth provides a special analysis of intervention by an outstanding group of experts in the field. Noteworthy topics considered include the scope of the problem, prevention and treatment initiatives, and international perspectives. The contributors examine what programs have proved effective and which initiatives lack the outcome necessary to reduce drug use among youths. Prevention and treatment strategies analyzed include school- and street-based programs operated by law enforcement, family therapy, residential approaches, programs in Brazil and India, and more. This comprehensive volume also features a fascinating and thorough introduction on the history of drug use, giving the reader a frame of reference for understanding drug-involved youth and options for intervention. Prevention of other high-risk behaviors, including those that increase the risk of contracting HIV, is also considered. Intervening with Drug-Involved Youth is an essential resource for drug abuse counselors, clinicians, and researchers and provides an organized overview of specific interventions that will be useful in college courses in counseling, social work, family therapy, drug abuse, juvenile delinquency, and criminology.

Although drinking, smoking and obesity have attracted social and moral condemnation to varying degrees for more than two hundred years, over the past few decades they have come under intense attack from the field of public health as an 'unholy trinity' of lifestyle behaviours with apparently devastating medical, social and economic consequences. Indeed, we appear to be in the midst of an important historical moment in which policies and practices that would have been unthinkable a decade ago (e.g., outdoor smoking bans, incarcerating pregnant women for drinking alcohol, and prohibiting restaurants from serving food to fat people), have become acceptable responses to the 'risks' that alcohol, tobacco and obesity are perceived to pose. Hailing from Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom and the USA, and drawing on examples from all four countries, contributors interrogate the ways in which alcohol, tobacco and fat have come to be constructed as 'problems' requiring intervention and expose the social, cultural and political roots of the current public health obsession with lifestyle. No prior collection has set out to provide an in-depth examination of alcohol, tobacco and obesity through the comparative approach taken in this volume. This book therefore represents an invaluable and timely contribution to critical studies of public health, health inequities, health policy, and the sociology of risk more broadly.

Focusing on Belgium from the mid-19th century until the First World War, Vleugels presents a study of the drunkard in society. The study is unique in offering a social history of Belgium through the lens of drunkenness, and in its focus on the role of drink in the formation of class, gender, and national identities.

The idea that men too are a 'gender, ' and that their addiction patterns and treatment needs must be reexamined in the light of postfeminist and men's movement consciousness as well as the rapid recent growth of scientific knowledge, is only now beginning to be explored

In this important contribution to the field, Ilana Mountian critically analyses discourses surrounding drug addiction, drug prohibition, treatment and prevention, and highlights new ways of understanding the role that gender plays in the ethics of drug use across cultures. The book analyses the discourses of religion, criminality and medicine, and shows how they, combined with key historical events, affect our views of drug use and drug users based on gender, race and class. The book draws on research from a variety of fields to provide alternative conceptual and methodological perspectives on the subject, including: critical theory gender studies post-colonial studies psychoanalysis philosophy. Cultural Ecstasies is an innovative study of drugs and addiction, and will be of great interest to students, researchers and professionals working in psychology, sociology, social work, health care, criminology, and allied disciplines.

Drug Abuse (NIDA) funded research project on drug information and online drug-related communities. The editors of this pivotal text, Edward Murguia, Ann Lessem, and Melissa Tackett-Gibson, elevate the debate about drug use and the Internet from a polemic discourse to social scientific investigation. The essays confront issues related to the study of drug communication online, including the causal factors of abuse as discussed in online forums, the relationship between music and drug use in virtual communities, and the ways in which individuals assess the accuracy of online drug information. This book highlights the variety of ways to examine drug use as a social problem and presents several theoretical perspectives valuable to online research. Real Drugs in a Virtual World is an enlightening and thought provoking read that will appeal to sociology students and those interested in virtual communities.

In older cultures, the use of intoxicant drugs was integrated into the rhythms of social existence and bounded by rituals and taboos that ensured their dangerous forces were contained and channelled. In modern western societies, by contrast, the state and the institutions of society have washed their hands of any responsibility for assimilating the desire for intoxication into social existence, and by doing so have sponsored a free-for-all that has often had disastrous consequences for individuals and communities alike. Why We Take Drugs provides a timely intervention in the growing debate about the wisdom of the ongoing 'war on drugs'. Rather than adopting the assumption that drug and alcohol use is a problem that poses a threat to society, this book makes a case for the idea that society is a problem for intoxicant drug use and that it is society that poses a threat, by denying those who seek intoxication a legitimate and socially sanctioned space in which to experience these altered states. Scholarly yet approachable, it provides a new understanding of the meaning and role of intoxicant drug use in contemporary society, setting an in-depth phenomenological analysis of intoxication as an embodied experience within a wide sociological, anthropological and historical context. These ideas are brought to life by intimate and revealing accounts of ordinary drug users' experiences with a wide range of substances. This book will appeal to a wide range of students and scholars throughout the social sciences, particularly in the areas of drug and alcohol studies, body studies, cultural studies, anthropology and philosophy.

The world's wealthiest nations have expended vast blood and treasure in tracking and capturing traffickers, dealers and consumers of narcotics, as well as destroying crops and confiscating shipments. Yet the global trade in illicit drugs is thriving, with no apparent change in the level of consumption despite decades of prohibition. This Adelphi argues that the present enforcement regime is not only failing to win the 'War on Drugs'; it is also igniting and prolonging that conflict on the streets of producer and transit countries, where the supply chain has become interwoven with state institutions and cartels have become embroiled in violence against their rivals and with security forces. What can be done to secure the worst affected regions and states, such as Latin America and Afghanistan? By examining the destabilising affects of prohibition, as well as alternative approaches such as that adopted by the authorities in Portugal, this book shows how progress may be made by treating consumption as a healthcare issue rather than a criminal matter, thereby freeing states to tackle the cartels and traffickers who hold their communities to ransom.

The history of drug abuse prevention campaigns suggests limitations in producing measurable changes in behavior. In the past, there was concern over the possibility of such publicity actually encouraging interest in drug use, rather than discouraging such behavior. Although little or no scientifically sound empirical evidence has been found to support such a view, several social science textbooks still refer to this as something of which to be wary. Reviews of early research appear to indicate inadequate methods and a lack of rigor in theory testing. In recent years, however, research in communication and its uses in drug abuse prevention has become considerably more sophisticated, and communication is being used far more effectively. In this book, the editors bring together some of the most successful drug abuse prevention researchers in the country -- along with other experts in this field or in persuasive communication -- to address use and effects of both mass media and interpersonal strategies. This collection illustrates just how far the study of public influence through mass media has come, especially regarding such a vital, relevant issue as drug abuse prevention.

First published in 1989. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

The changing face of the female smoker, from the lady smokers of the late nineteenth century to the lone mother of the late twentieth century, suggests that the history of smoking among women is not just about the assimilation of women into a male practice, but about the changing, and varied, circumstances of women's lives. In this innovative study, Elliott articulates the way in which the history of smoking among women raises complex questions about the construction of female identities in relation to smoking, and the implications of this for understanding smoking among women as a medical and public health problem. In addressing these questions, Elliott uses a variety of source material, from popular magazines to films to medical discourse, to map the history of smoking among women on to changing understandings of gender and social expectations of women over the twentieth century at a societal and an individual level.

Street crack cocaine users have significant health problems, and place a huge burden on social services, the criminal justice system and drug treatment agencies. Among policymakers, professionals and the wider section of society, they are also a poorly understood drug-using group and have the worst retention rate in prison drug programmes and community drug agencies. This book is about their addictions, lifestyles and the realities of their lives. It is based on ethnographic research (observation and interviewing) conducted over the course of 2004/05. It aims to highlight their day-to-day struggles as they try to survive' in a violent and intimidating street drug scene in south London while trying to take some steps toward a crime/drug' free life. It is also concerned with unpacking the myths and stigma of their drug use and their fragile position in society in an effort to better understand them. With the help of several key characters, the book will use their words and experiences to take the reader on a journey through their crack addiction to life in and out of crack houses; through their experiences with law enforcement and welfare agencies to their life aspirations. Such a text has important policy implications and will be relevant and easily accessible to academics and students in the field of criminology, sociology, psychology, and research methods but also central and local government policymakers and frontline healthcare and drug agency staff.

For the majority of its history, the cultivation of cannabis did not stand out, at least compared to the cultivation of other illegal plants. Cannabis plantations, like coca bush or opium poppy plantations, were typically large in size, grown by local farmers in a handful of developing (producing) countries, processed and then exported to industrial (consuming) nations. While cocaine and heroin are still produced in a handful of developing countries, cannabis cultivation is increasingly universal. From Europe to the Americas and Oceania, import substitution in cannabis markets has been noticed in almost every developed country around the world, with a notable aversion for discrimination. Geographical, technological, cultural and economic factors help to explain why (indoor and outdoor) domestic cultivation is well established, and why the nature and extent of cultivation varies so dramatically across the western, developed nations. As we start the second decade of the 21st century, the new cannabis industry continues to fascinate both casual and academic observers of the drug scene. Researchers around the world have become increasingly interested in the phenomenon, aiming to describe, and potentially explain, the rapid switch from importation to domestic production in their own countries. In bringing together some of the world's leading experts on cannabis cultivation this book contains sixteen chapters that take an interdisciplinary look at global trends in cannabis cultivation. It will serve as an exemplar for wider discussions of key theories and concepts relating to the spread not just of cannabis cultivation, but also of illegal markets more generally, the actors that operate within these markets and the policies and practices that are employed in response to developments within these markets.

This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. This book examines many of the predominant issues in the field of social work in mental health and substance abuse today. Topics discussed include incarceration of drug abusers, methadone treatment for heroin users, and substance abuse among sex workers. It also examines how parental smoking affects children's attitudes, binge drinking, and the correlation between depression and sociodemographic factors. The book also explores help for homeless drug abusers and more.

Although drinking, smoking and obesity have attracted social and moral condemnation to varying degrees for more than two hundred years, over the past few decades they have come under intense attack from the field of public health as an 'unholy trinity' of lifestyle behaviours with apparently devastating medical, social and economic consequences. Indeed, we appear to be in the midst of an important historical moment in which policies and practices that would have been unthinkable a decade ago (e.g., outdoor smoking bans, incarcerating pregnant women for drinking alcohol, and prohibiting restaurants from serving food to fat people), have become acceptable responses to the 'risks' that alcohol, tobacco and obesity are perceived to pose. Hailing from Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom and the USA, and drawing on examples from all four countries, contributors interrogate the ways in which alcohol, tobacco and fat have come to be constructed as 'problems' requiring intervention and expose the social, cultural and political roots of the current public health obsession with lifestyle. No prior collection has set out to provide an in-depth examination of alcohol, tobacco and obesity through the comparative approach taken in this volume. This book therefore represents an invaluable and timely contribution to critical studies of public health, health inequities, health policy, and the sociology of risk more broadly.

Illicit drugs and their use are a dominant concern of politicians, policy makers and the general public. As such, this second edition of the popular Illicit Drugs: Use and Control provides a timely, up-to-date discussion of the key issues raised in the first edition, whilst also providing new chapters which address:

• Class, gender and race
• The geo-politics of illicit drug production and distribution
• Britain 's drug use within a global context

Drawing information from wide-ranging sources, Adrian Barton illuminates the complex nature and broad impact illicit drug use carries in its wake and provides an overview of the contemporary state of the drug 'scene'.

This accessible book, with its inclusion of new pedagogical features, will be essential reading for students and researchers working in the area of drugs and society.

Illicit drugs and their use are a dominant concern of politicians, policy makers and the general public. As such, this second edition of the popular Illicit Drugs: Use and Control provides a timely, up-to-date discussion of the key issues raised in the first edition, whilst also providing new chapters which address:

• Class, gender and race
• The geo-politics of illicit drug production and distribution
• Britain 's drug use within a global context

Drawing information from wide-ranging sources, Adrian Barton illuminates the complex nature and broad impact illicit drug use carries in its wake and provides an overview of the contemporary state of the drug 'scene'.

This accessible book, with its inclusion of new pedagogical features, will be essential reading for students and researchers working in the area of drugs and society.

Focuses on developmental and therapeutic needs of these traumatized children in middle childhood, between the ages of seven and eleven. Integrating self psychology and family systems perspectives, the author draws upon current research findings that demonstrate why children do not automatically ""recover"" as a result of parental abstinence.

According to the World Health Organization, approximately seventy percent of men and thirty percent of women in Russia smoke, and the WHO estimated that at the close of the twentieth century 280,000 Russians died every year from smoking-related illnesses a rate over three times higher than the global average. The demographic crisis in current Russia has occasioned interest by President Putin in health care efforts and by historians in the source of these problems. Tobacco in Russian History and Culture explores tobacco s role in Russian culture through a multidisciplinary approach starting with the growth of tobacco consumption from its first introduction in the seventeenth century until its pandemic status in the current post-Soviet health crisis.

The essays as a group emphasize the ways in which, from earliest contact, tobacco s status as a "foreign" commodity forced Russians to confront their national, political, and economic interests in its acceptance or rejection and find there markers of gender, class, or political identity. International contributors from the fields of history, literature, sociology, and economics fully present the dramatic impact of the weed called the "blossom from the womb of the daughter of Jezebel."

While disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, politics, social policy and the health and medical sciences have a tradition of exploring the centrality of alcohol, drinking and drunkenness to people's lives, geographers have only previously addressed these topics as a peripheral concern. Over the past few years, however, this view has begun to change, accelerated by an upsurge in interest in alcohol consumption relating to political and popular debate in countries throughout the world. This book represents the first systematic overview of geographies of alcohol, drinking and drunkenness. It asks what role alcohol, drinking and drunkenness plays in people's lives and how space and place are key constituents of alcohol consumption. It also examines the economic, political, social, cultural and spatial practices and processes that are bound up with alcohol, drinking and drunkenness. Designed as a reference text, each chapter blends theoretical material with empirical case studies in order to analyse drinking in public and private space, in the city and the countryside, as well as focusing on gender, generations, ethnicity and emotional and embodied geographies.

Why are some psychoactive substances regarded as 'dangerous drugs', to be controlled by the criminal law within a global prohibition regime, whilst others - from alcohol and tobacco, through to those we call 'medicines' - are seen and regulated very differently? A History of Drugs traces a genealogy of the construction and governance of the 'drug problem' over the past 200 years: calling into question some of the most fundamental ideas in this field: from 'addiction' to the very concept of 'drugs'. At the heart of the book is the claim that it was with the emergence in the late eighteenth century of modern liberal capitalism, with its distinctive emphasis on freedom, that our concerns about the consumption of some of these substances began to grow. And, indeed, notions of freedom, free will and responsibility remain central to the drug question today. Pursuing an innovative inter-disciplinary approach, A History of Drugs provides an informed and insightful account of the origins of contemporary drug policy. It will be essential reading for students and academics working in law, criminology, sociology, social policy, history and political science.

The Public Health Service has estimated there are 1,100,000 intravenous drug users in the United States, with about 235,000 infected with HIV. Treatment of substance abusers has an extensive and varied history; no consensus has emerged as to which approach works best. The author has compiled information from a vast array of sources to provide this resource guide with the important issues involved in HIV infection and intravenous drug use. He presents sections on historical background, behavioral antecedents, virology, immunology, incidence, prevalence, HIV testing, treatment, counseling, confidentiality, methodological issues, and the latest scientific findings, based upon his clinical experience and synthesis of the research literature. Physicians, nurses, psychologists, social workers, health educators, and public health officials who are addressing issues related to HIV infection and intravenous drug use will find this handbook useful.

Coyote Speaks describes the strengths, the strategies, and the resilience a therapist needs to work successfully with alcoholics and addicts. It reports what a therapist sees, hears, smells, and feels in the midst of treating those yet to achieve sobriety, those recently sober, and those with years of recovery behind them. In the Navajo cosmology, those possessed by Coyote are neither inherently evil nor morally lacking, but like alcoholics and addicts they suffer from a malady of the soul as much as the body. The provocative humor of Coyote stories illustrates the mercurial and quixotic nature of the alcoholic and addict in treatment, while evocative case histories from the author's private practice reveal the humanity behind a disease that binds two individuals in a struggle toward honesty, humility, and sobriety. Coyote Speaks explores the darkness of alcohol and drug addiction, the humility we accept when we acknowledge our limitations as therapists, and the redemption we witness as we attend to a disease that is at best treatable. It is about caring enough, sometimes too much, and about knowing when to let go. It is about the importance of examining the trickster in each of us, and it is about listening, when Coyote speaks.