This book examines the forces that shape psychoactive drug use. The approach, informed by poststructuralist semiotics, culture, phenomenology and contemporary theories of affect, illuminates the connections between drugs, bodies, space, economy and crime.

For years we have known that teenagers' peers influence their substance use. This book tells you how. It is not a simple explanation: it is based on the teenagers' own selection of peers and, in turn, the influence of those peers, but, in between, is the formation of social networks and the patterning of their peer ties. Chain reaction in teenagers' substance use result from the selection of peers, the patterning of peer ties and peer influence.

This wide-ranging handbook brings together experts in the sociology of drug abuse prevention. Providing a comprehensive overview of the accumulated knowledge on prevention theory, intervention design, and development and prevention research methodology, this work also promotes prevention science as an evolving field in the practice and policy of drug abuse prevention.

The probation service's venture into financial partnerships with non-statutory agencies during the 1990s was viewed both as a development opportunity for improving sevices and as a threat to professional identity and job security. Judith Rumgay studies partnership development with particular focus on programs for substance misusing offenders. She explores tensions between probation and voluntary organizations, identifies features common to successful partnerships, and compares partnership arrangements with in-house specialist projects. She argues that the partnership enterprise touches the heart of the probation service's mission in local communities.

An authority on anti-drug policy and crack since it became a popular street drug in the mid-1980s, Belenko traces the development of America's policy response in the context of changes in policy that were underway when crack first appeared. He summarizes the state of our knowledge about crack, its pharmacological properties, its use and effects on health and behavior, and its distribution. Moreover, he makes recommendations about policies to deal with the next drug epidemic. This empirical analysis and public policy study is intended for teachers, graduate students, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in drug control and treatment, criminal justice law enforcement, and in public administration.

The Global Politics of Drug Control sets the drug problem into a theoretical framework which aids understanding of the phenomenon by focusing on changing international values and norms. In the early literature on drug use, drugs were considered primarily as a social problem and the focus was on seeking a national policy. However, in the 80s the problem was increasing, requiring international cooperation and action, bringing the concerned to the arena of international relations scholars. The book focuses on changing values and norms in the international community that allow the discipline of international relations to add something new to the current debate on the subject. This book should appeal to all those interested in the current discussions on the drug phenomenon as well as to students and academics in the area of international relations and related disciplines.

Substance abuse is, and has always been, an indisputable fact of life. People - especially young people - abuse various legal and illegal substances for any number of reasons: to intensify feelings, to achieve deeper consciousness, to escape reality, to self-medicate. And as substance-abusing teenagers mature, they pose particular challenges to the professionals charged with keeping them clean and sober and helping them maintain recovery into adulthood.

Adolescent Substance Abuse: Evidence-Based Approaches to Prevention and Treatment offers clear, interdisciplinary guidance that grounds readers in the many contexts - developmental, genetic, social, and familial among them - crucial to creating effective interventions and prevention methods. Its contributors examine current findings regarding popularly used therapies, including psychopharmacology, residential treatment, school- and community-based programs, group homes, and specific forms of individual, family, and group therapy.

Accessible to a wide professional audience, this volume: (1) Presents evidence-based support for the treatment decision-making process by identifying interventions that work, might work, and don't work. (2) Identifies individual traits associated with susceptibility to substance abuse and addiction in youth. (3) Provides a biogenetic model of the effects of drugs on the brain (and refines the concept of gateway drugs). (4) Evaluates the effectiveness of prevention programs in school and community settings. (5) Adds historical, spiritual, and legal perspectives on substance use and misuse. (6) Includes the bonus resource, the Community Prevention Handbook on Adolescent Substance Abuse and Treatment.

This volume is an all-in-one reference for counseling professionals and clinicians working with youth and families as well as program developers in state and local agencies and graduate students in counseling and prevention.

This book is rooted in the conviction that human biology plays a critical role in understanding drug abuse and antisocial behavior. In the same breath, however, it fundamentally affirms the importance of the many social and environmental factors that influence our behavior across the life course. The study begins with an overview of the scope of the problem of drug abuse and crime, and an examination of how these problems often feed into one another. Building upon that foundation, the focus shifts to a review of cutting-edge research on the genetics and neurobiology of addiction and antisocial behavior across the developmental periods of childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. An exploration of the implications of a biosocial life course approach in terms of drug abuse prevention, and an examination of what lies ahead for drug abuse and criminological research conclude this detailed and timely book. Policy makers, practitioners and scholars of criminology and sociology will find this of particular interest.

The other report is published by the U. S. State Department and is more "committed," but only as far as the national interest of the world's only su perpower is concerned. Therefore, the State Department report must be read while keeping in mind the state of U. S. relations with the countries concerned. This report is accompanied by the so-called "certification" process, whose ar bitrary character has often been stressed. For instance, Iran, a country whose determination to fight the drug transit on its territory is well-known - more than 100 Iranian law enforcement agents die every year as a restult - was removed from the "blacklist" of "decertified countries" in the spring of 1999, precisely as it was inaugurating a policy of opening itself to external influ ence, including that of the United States. In retrospect, this demonstrates that the U. S. government had decertified Iran in past years because it was viewed as an Islamic and terrorist country, not because of its supposed involvement in drug trafficking. Neither does the last State Department report explain why Haji Ayub Afridi, a major Pakistani drug baron, who had voluntarily surrendered to U. S. authorities, returned to Pakistan in 1999 after spending a mere three and a half years in a U. S. prison."

The editors of Stress, Trauma, and Substance Use have gathered a collection of innovative chapters written by cutting edge researchers that depict both the breadth of the relationships between stress, trauma, and substance use, as well as how closely these phenomena are all too often linked. Individually, the chapters in this volume present innovative conceptual models, original research findings, and recommendations to service providers that are applicable to a diverse body of individuals affected by a wide variety of stressful and/or traumatic experiences, such as HIV/AIDS, incarceration, homelessness, sexual assault, and other forms of trauma and violence in addition to substance use. Taken as a whole, the content of this text provides a window into the true nature of the multi-layered and interconnected relationship between stress, trauma, and substance use. The untangling of these relationships holds great promise for continued research that develops a better understanding of these phenomena and ultimately improves the lives of individuals touched by these experiences. This book was previously published as a special issue of Stress, Trauma, and Crisis: An International Journal.

Research on alcohol-related consequences has traditionally focused mainly on health aspects of alcohol consumption or effects which can be more easily quantified or measured. It is evident that alcohol has many consequences which can be characterised as social' in nature and which are not, or not only, medical and are directly health-related. Such consequences include violence, crime, and psychosocial factors. The increasing relevance of consequences of alcohol consumption other than medical is also reflected in the second European Action Plan 2000-2004 of WHO, aiming at the prevention and reduction of harm done by alcohol to the health and wellbeing of individuals, families, and communities. This book attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of social consequences of alcohol consumption on the individual, group, organisational, and societal level. It is a result of a two-year collaborative study under the leadership of WHO-Euro with the participation of alcohol researchers from Finland, Germany, Norway, Scotland, and Switzerland. Although the book was written by experts in the field, it is targeted not only at scientists, but at all people dealing with alcohol-related problems in practice.

In 1993, aged twenty, Carmel Mc Mahon left Ireland for New York, carrying $500, two suitcases and a ton of unseen baggage. It took years, and a bitter struggle with alcohol addiction, to unpick the intricate traumas of her past and present. Candid yet lyrical, In Ordinary Time mines the ways that trauma reverberates through time and through individual lives, drawing connections to the events and rhythms of Ireland's long Celtic, early Christian and Catholic history. From tragically lost siblings to the broader social scars of the Famine and the Magdalene Laundries, Mc Mahon sketches the evolution of a consciousness from her conservative 1970s upbringing to 1990s New York, and back to the much-changed Ireland of today.

The economics of substance use and abuse deals with the consumption of goods that share two properties. First, they are addictive in the sense that an increase in past consumption of the good leads to an increase in current consumption. Second, their consumption harms the consumer and others. This second property makes them of interest from policy, legal, and public health perspectives. The tremendous expansion in research in the economics of substance use and abuse since the early 1980s and the presence of many unresolved issues motivate this volume. While most of the papers are by economists, the disciplines of medicine, political science, and psychology also are represented. Any successful attempt to address substance use must adopt an interdisciplinary perspective. The aim of the volume to cover issues pertaining to individual behavior, social interactions, markets, and politics makes this all the more necessary. Some of the twenty papers in the volume contain new estimates of the price sensitivity of alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, cocaine, and heroin. Others focus on the effects of consumption on earnings, crime, suicide, and sexually transmitted diseases. Still others address the roles of psychobiology, social interaction, hyperbolic discounting, and peer effects in shaping decisions with regard to the use of harmfully addictive substances. To a larger or lesser extent, all the papers contain implications for policy-making. A number of papers, however, are more directly concerned with policy-making and with the policy-making environment, including evaluations of the costs and benefits of treatment services for abusers. Readers of this volume should gain a much betterunderstanding of what we know and what we still need to know about the economics of substance use and abuse.

The prevailing neo-prohibitionist approach to reducing alcohol problems is generally ineffective, often counter-productive, and is doomed to failure. This work is to promote an effective alternative strategy to reducing the incidence of alcohol problems. The thesis is that a socio-cultural approach would be effective, and therefore, that public policy should promote this approach. This work is expected to be controversial, and is hoped to form a pattern for reorientation of the current approach to alcohol abuse. Professionals in drug abuse education and treatment along with public policy makers and students in appropriate courses should be interested in the work.

Help children overcome the increasing dangers they face because of their parents' addictions Impact of Substance Abuse on Children and Families addresses the growing concern over children at risk of developing physical and mental health problems because of their parents' addictions to alcohol and other drugs (AOD), including a chapter on the troubling increase of methamphetamine abuse by parents. The book's contributors examine current research findings from the United States, Australia, Ireland, and Israel to provide much-needed insight into the effects of addiction on family dynamics, parental attachment styles, and family characteristics. The book also looks at the impact of addiction on school-aged children and on mothers in residential treatment with their children, survey assessment instruments and treatment outcomes, and the value of Student Assistance Services for older children. Almost 25 percent of children in the United States live in a household where a parent or other adult is a heavy or binge drinker. More than 10 percent live in family where illicit drugs are used. Children of alcoholics are nearly 10 times more likely to develop an alcohol use disorder as other children, and often develop behavior problems such as depression, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and oppositional defiant disorder. Children of illicit drug abusers are more likely than other children to demonstrate immature, impulsive, or irresponsible behavior, to have lower IQ scores, and poorer school attendance. Impact of Substance Abuse on Children and Families focuses on these critical and often ignored aspects of addiction, providing the latest evidence-based qualitative and quantitative research findings, as well as a summary of available literature. Impact of Substance Abuse on Children and Families examines: the impact on children at various developmental stages the role of the family as a treatment resource alcohol problems and marriage parental attachment styles of drug-using fathers family cohesion and adaptability self-in-relations theory family-centered service models the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) adolescent substance abuse treatment online treatment options Impact of Substance Abuse on Children and Families is an essential resource for both academics and practitioners working in social work, addictions counseling, sociology, psychology, public health, and family and children's studies.

An in-depth look at the relevance of religious and spiritual issues to alcohol and drug use and abuse throughout the lifespan Spiritual issues and forgiveness are oft-neglected topics in treatment programs for substance abusers. This unique book brings those underrated components of recovery to the forefront through current research, case studies, and the insight of experts in the field of spirituality as well as drug/alcohol treatment. It illustrates the important interrelationship among religiousness, spirituality, forgiveness, and alcohol and drug use and abuse throughout the lifespan. The contributors examine the effects of religiousness and spirituality on recovery in relation to more widely recognized supports. Each chapter is extensively referenced, and most include tables and/or figures that make difficult information easy to understand and work with. Spirituality and Religiousness and Alcohol/Other Drug Problems: Treatment and Recovery Perspectives draws clear, important distinctions between religiosity and spirituality. It provides you with a clearly laid out conceptual framework for examining the relationship among spirituality/religiousness and alcohol/drug problems, and a theoretical model of forgiveness in regard to alcohol/drug abuse. This informative book also examines: the existing literature on the intersection of spirituality/religiousness and alcohol/drug issues addiction recovery across the lifespan connections among stress, quality of life, social support, spirituality and religiosity, and recovery how social supports, spirituality, religiousness, life meaning, and affiliation with 12-step fellowships affect the quality of life for people in recovery evidence-based forgiveness treatment alcohol abusers' traits and how abusers function in the context of family Christian perspectives on alcohol/drug use and abusewith a chapter devoted to Protestant perspectives and treatment implications predictors of rehospitalization for homeless substance abusers, including spiritual well-being various dimensions of religious involvement and mental health outcomes among addicted women whether religiousness, as opposed to church attendance, is related to alcohol/drug consumption and delinquency the ties between religious variables and mental health in a high-risk population (chemically dependent pregnant or parenting women in a residential treatment program) . . . and a great deal more This book is designed to be immediately useful to practitioners (social workers, psychologists, psychiatrists, counselors, and ministers) who work with substance users and abusers, as well as to academicians and researchers involved with these topics. Please consider adding it to your professional, research, or teaching collection today!

Learn why marijuana use has increased in the new millennium According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug. The Cultural/Subcultural Contexts of Marijuana Use at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century takes a close look at present cannabis use trends in the new millennium by providing the latest research findings and most current case studies. Age and ethnographic data are presented in detail always with a constant focus on the unique subcultural contexts in today's society. This examination explores the most pressing issues in marijuana use, including the increased popularity of blunt smoking, the social ramifications of marijuana use in gangs and Southeast Asian youth, and alternative delivery systems for medical marijuana. The Cultural/Subcultural Contexts of Marijuana Use at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century discusses various aspects of marijuana being the drug of choice in today's culture, including the different subgroups of age, economic status, and ethnic background. The book provides a comprehensive view of the people, reasons for use, varied ways of ingesting the drug, and marijuana use rituals. Extensive references, charts, tables, and figures are included to enhance clarification of research findings. The Cultural/Subcultural Contexts of Marijuana Use at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century discusses the latest research findings on: the growth of marijuana use in different social groups during the 1990s medical marijuana blunt smoking and marijuana use rituals as settings for informal social controls marijuana use among minorities marijuana use in youths and young adults marijuana use among gang members adult use production, distribution, and administration of non-smokable marijuana The Cultural/Subcultural Contexts of Marijuana Use at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century is insightful, valuable, and is certain to become a reference source for researchers, educators, students, and policy advocates.

Learn why marijuana use has increased in the new millennium According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug. The Cultural/Subcultural Contexts of Marijuana Use at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century takes a close look at present cannabis use trends in the new millennium by providing the latest research findings and most current case studies. Age and ethnographic data are presented in detail always with a constant focus on the unique subcultural contexts in today's society. This examination explores the most pressing issues in marijuana use, including the increased popularity of blunt smoking, the social ramifications of marijuana use in gangs and Southeast Asian youth, and alternative delivery systems for medical marijuana. The Cultural/Subcultural Contexts of Marijuana Use at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century discusses various aspects of marijuana being the drug of choice in today's culture, including the different subgroups of age, economic status, and ethnic background. The book provides a comprehensive view of the people, reasons for use, varied ways of ingesting the drug, and marijuana use rituals. Extensive references, charts, tables, and figures are included to enhance clarification of research findings. The Cultural/Subcultural Contexts of Marijuana Use at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century discusses the latest research findings on: the growth of marijuana use in different social groups during the 1990s medical marijuana blunt smoking and marijuana use rituals as settings for informal social controls marijuana use among minorities marijuana use in youths and young adults marijuana use among gang members adult use production, distribution, and administration of non-smokable marijuana The Cultural/Subcultural Contexts of Marijuana Use at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century is insightful, valuable, and is certain to become a reference source for researchers, educators, students, and policy advocates.

We're losing the war on drugsbut the fight isn't over yet Federal Narcotics Laws and the War on Drugs examines our current anti-drug programs and policies, explains why they have failed, and presents a plan to fix them. Author Thomas C. Rowe, who has been educating college students on recreational drug use for nearly 30 years, exposes the truth about anti-drug programs he believes were conceived in ignorance of the drugs themselves and motivated by racial/cultural bias. This powerful book advocates a shift in federal spending to move funds away from the failed elements of the war on drugs toward policies with a more realistic chance to succeedthe drug courts, education, and effective treatment. Common myths and misconceptions about drugs have produced anti-drug programs that don't work, won't work, and waste millions of dollars. Federal Narcotics Laws and the War on Drugs looks at howand whythis has happened and what can be done to correct it. The book is divided into How did we get into this mess? which details the history of anti-narcotic legislation, how drug agencies evolved, and the role played by Harry Anslinger, Commissioner of the United States Bureau of Narcotics from 1930 to 1962; What works and what doesn't work, which looks at the failure of interdiction efforts and the negative consequences that have resulted with a particular focus on the problems of prisons balanced against the drug court system; and a third section that serves as an overview of various recreational drugs, considers arguments for and against drug legalization, and offers suggestions for more effective methods than our current system allows. Federal Narcotics Laws and the War on Drugs also examines: the creation of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics current regulations and structures current federal sentencing guidelines current state of the courts and the prison system mandatory sentencing and what judges think interdiction for heroin, cocaine and crack cocaine, and marijuana early education efforts the DARE program drug use trends drug treatment models the debate over legalization Federal Narcotics Laws and the War on Drugs also includes several appendices of federal budget figures, cocaine and heroin purity and price, and federal bureau of prisons statistics. This unique book is required reading for anyone concerned about the drug problem in the United States and what isand isn'tbeing done to correct it.

A major national goal is to improve the health of the populace while advancing our opportunities to pursue happiness. Simulta neously, there are both increasing health costs and increasing demands that more be accomplished with less financial support. The number of deaths attributable to the consumption of alcohol in the US is about 100,000 per year, and the annual cost of this addiction is over $100 billion. Improved treatment methods can both reduce these costs and improve health by preventing the continued exposure of abusers to the toxic effects of alcohol. This third volume of Drug and Alcohol Abuse Reviews focuses on the strategies currently thought best for the treatment of alcohol and tobacco abuse. A variety of approaches to treating alcohol abuse employ those psychosocial factors that are known to influence alcohol use in youth and adults. Pharmacotherapy has also been evaluated at the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism by leaders in alcohol treatment research. One key review investigates forming a developmental framework for the treatment of adolescent alcohol abusers, a major challenge. Although the main emphasis is on the treatment of alcoholism, a major cofactor for many drug users is nicotine (tobacco) addiction, whose treatment is also reviewed. And the roles of learning and outpatient services are shown to affect treatment significantly. Thus, the problems confronted and solutions used in alcohol abuse treatment have here been analyzed in concise reviews that provide evidence for today's best hypoth eses and conclusions."

This book is for everyone who is suffering from the disease of addiction or who cares about someone who is: for addicts, their families and friends, and their health care providers. It is for those who are currently in recovery and looking for a way to shift their recovery into a higher gear from just surviving and muddling through to becoming the absolute best version of themselves, from mere recovery to Integral Recovery.
Integral Recovery is the groundbreaking application of Integral Theory to addiction. It brings alcohol and drug treatment into the twenty-first century by combining the best of the treatment modalities of the past with the latest knowledge, techniques, and neurotechnologies in order to ensure a more holistic and lasting recovery. In addition to providing an illuminating and inspiring map to the path of recovery, Integral Recovery teaches life-changing practices that initiate the addict on a journey of healing, transformation, and awakening, offering the possibility of a lifetime of health, joy, and sobriety."

Get the latest information on new and emerging modalities for treating drug-involved offenders! Treating Substance Abusers in Correctional Contexts: New Understandings, New Modalities analyzes the shift in policy and attitude away from two decades of the harsh punishment that characterized the war on drugs toward a more treatment-oriented medicalization of the problem. Edited by Dr. Nathaniel J. Pallone, editor of the Journal of Offender Rehabilitation (Haworth), the book presents an overview of new and emerging models for treatment of drug-involved offenders in a variety of settings. An international panel of authors examines the rather treat than fight approach to the war on drugs proposed by the voters of California, the Governor and criminal court judges of New York, and Gen. Barry McCaffrey, former Director of the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy. Treating Substance Abusers in Correctional Contexts looks at treatment modalities available to offenders inside and outside correctional institutions, with community organizations and mental health and social service agencies enlisted in a continuum of care as the courts and criminal justice system provide oversightand often, funding. The book explores types of treatment that operate under the surveillance of courts and the criminal justice system, ranging from in-house programs for offenders under confinement in prisons and jails to residential substance abuse treatment (RSAT) and substance abuse treatment (SAT) programs in the community. Through qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive studies, outcome assessments, event-history analysis, and intensive interviews, the book examines recovery relapse prevention, rehabilitation, diversion, therapeutic justice, and the impact of prison-based substance abuse treatment programs. Treating Substance Abusers in Correctional Contexts also examines: the impact of deterrence versus rehabilitation on recidivism in the Drug Treatment Alternative-to-Incarceration Program (DTAP) in a major metropolitan area criminal violence and drug use in residential treatment facilities Residential Substance Abuse Treatment (RSAT) programs for young offenders the long-term effectiveness of an adult drug court program illicit drug and injecting equipment markets inside English prisons and a clinical case report on children exposed in utero to crack cocaine Treating Substance Abusers in Correctional Contexts: New Understandings, New Modalities is must reading for graduate and undergraduate courses in criminal justice, corrections, offender rehabilitation, and substance abuse. The book is equally valuable as a primary textbook for continuing education coursework for counselors, psychologists, social workers, corrections officers, correctional administrators, and policymakers.

With debates surrounding the decriminalisation of certain illegal drugs raging in many countries around the world, this new book is a timely and sober reflection on one of the biggest social problems facing the world at large. Of interest not only to economists, but also to criminologists and those involved in policy-making, The Economics of Illegal Drugs is an accessible, comprehensive and international review of the topic and the usefulness of applying microeconomic analysis to drug production and distribution.

In Buprenorphine Therapy of Opiate Addiction, participating physicians and toxicologists summarize and evaluate their experiences with five years of intensive buprenorphine therapy. They cover all aspects of its use, including the pharmacology, conditions of delivery, risks from use with other psychoactive drugs, toxicology and related deaths, as well as its testing in blood, urine, tissue, and hair. Special attention is given to comparing the long-term care of opiate-dependent patients using high-dose buprenorphine vs methadone, and to explaining the differences in treatment, administration, and delivery. The authors also describe how buprenorphine is currently prescribed and monitored in France and Australia, and review all the latest advances in analytical techniques for the determination of buprenorphine and its metabolites in biological fluids and tissues.

This volume is an important contribution to our understanding of culture and alcohol in the United States. Its appearance is also a milestone in the history of alcohol studies in American anthropology. Over the last six years, the volume's editors, initially along with Miriam Rodin, have served as the coorganizers of the Alcohol and Drug Study Group of the American Anthropological Association (AAA). In this capacity, they have organized sessions at the AAA and other meetings, greatly strengthened the research network with a regular and informative newsletter, and painstakingly promoted the publication of anthropological work on al cohol and drugs. Appearing just as the responsibility for the Study Group is passed on to others, this book is a fitting emblem of the care and energy with which its editors have built an institutional nexus for alcohol and drug anthropology in North America. The contents of this volume offer a uniquely wide sampling of the diversity of cultural patterns that make up the American experience with alcohol. The collective portrait the editors have assembled extends in several dimensions: through time and history, across such social differ entiations as gender, age-grade, and social class, and through such major social institutions as the church and the family. Clearly the dominant dimension of variation in the material that follows, however, is ethnicity. The book offers us a sampler of unprecedented richness of the different experiences with alcohol of American ethnoreligious groups."