The traditional assumption holds that the territory of money coincides precisely with the political frontiers of each nation state: France has the franc, the United Kingdom has the pound, the United States has the dollar. But the disparity between that simple mental landscape and the actual organization of currency spaces has grown in recent years, as territorial boundaries of individual states limit currency circulation less and less. Many currencies are used outside their "home" country for transactions either between nations or within foreign states. In this book, Benjamin J. Cohen asks what this new geography of money reveals about financial and political power. Cohen shows how recent changes in the geography of money challenge state sovereignty. He examines the role of money and the scope of cross-border currency competition in today's world. Drawing on new work in geography and network theory to explain the new spatial organization of monetary relations, Cohen suggests that international relations, political as well as economic, are being dramatically reshaped by the increasing interpenetration of national monetary spaces. This process, he explains, generates tensions and insecurities as well as opportunities for cooperation.

Provides students as well as lecturers with an international Reader focusing on the evolving economic geography of the advanced capitalist economies of Europe, North America, and the Pacific Rim within the framework of economic globalisation. It gives readers an easily accessible collection of some of the most important papers published in this dynamic discipline.
The book spans the economic geographies of globalisation, new spaces of production and consumption, new landscapes of work and the restucturing of welfare, and includes a specially written introductory chapter, section overviews, and suggested further reading. An important statement on economic geography today, this book provides an indispensable resource for undergraduates in economic geography, regional economics and other related social sciences.

The re-emerging field of ethnoecology offers a promising way to document and analyze human-environment interactions. This collection brings the discipline into sharp focus, conveying local understandings of environments and proposing a way of looking at the relationship between humans and the natural world that emphasizes the importance of cognition in shaping behavior. Case studies by international experts explore the varied views of scholars on the human dimension of conversation and the different views of local peoples regarding their own environments. Filled with peoples' voices from North and South America, Africa, and Asia, these cases cover a range of issues: natural resource conservation and sustainable development, the relationship between local knowledge and biodiversity, the role of the commons in development, and the importance of diversity and equity in environmental management. As the only volume to address the status of this increasingly multidisciplinary field--especially as it relates to the differential power of multiple stakeholders--"Ethnoecology: Situated Knowledge/Located Lives" is intended for a wide range of specialists not only in social and natural sciences but also in agricultural studies. It conveys the overriding importance of this powerful methodological approach in providing insiders' perspectives on their environment and how they manage it. CONTENTS
1. Introduction. A View from a Point: Ethnoecology as Situated Knowledge, Virginia D. Nazarea
2. The Value of Subsistence for the Future of the World, Eugene S. Hunn
3. Practical and Religious Meanings of the Navajo Hogan, Lillie Lane
4. The Agronomy of Memory and the Memory of Agronomy: RitualConservation of Archaic Cultigens in Contemporary Farming Systems, Michael R. Dove
5. Ethnoecology Serving the Community: A Case Study from Zuni Pueblo, New Mexico, Richard I. Ford
6. Lenses and Latitudes in Landscapes and Lifescapes, Virginia D. Nazarea
7. Cultural Landscapes and Biodiversity: The Ethnoecology of an Upper RAo Grande Watershed Commons, Devon G. PeAa
8. Conserving Folk Crop Varieties: Different Agricultures, Different Goals, Daniela Soleri and Steven E. Smith
9. Plant Constituents and the Nutrition and Health of Indigenous Peoples, Timothy Johns
10. Sustainable Production and Harvest of Medicinal and Aromatic Herbs in the Sierras de CA[rdoba Region, Argentina, Marta Lagrotteria and James M. Affolter
11. Managing the Maya Commons: The Value of Local Knowledge, Scott Atran
12. Safeguarding Traditional Resource Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Darrell A. Posey
13. A Practical Primer on Intellectual Property Rights in a Contemporary Ethnoecological Context, David J. Stephenson, Jr.
14. Toward Compensation: Returning Benefits from Ethnobotanical Drug Discovery to Native Peoples, Katy Moran
15. Am I My Brother's Keeper?, Christine S. Kabuye
16. Epilogue. Quo Vadis? The Promise of Ethnoecology, Robert E. Rhoades and Jack Harlan

Georessourcen sind die Elemente des gesellschaftlichen Stoffwechsels mit der Natur: mineralische Rohstoffe, fossile Energietrager, Wasser, Luft, Boeden und in einem weiteren Sinn auch die Biosphare und das Klima. Mit der Inwertsetzung und Nutzung dieser Georessourcen sind zeitlich und raumlich stark variierende Mensch-Umwelt-Verhaltnisse verbunden. Moderne Gesellschaften mit ihren vielschichtigen Verflechtungen sind so abhangig wie nie zuvor. Georessourcen sind dabei immer auch Instrument zur (Re-)Produktion von Machtverhaltnissen und zur Durchsetzung politisch-oekonomisch-ideologischer Interessen im Rahmen von Geopolitik. Neben dem Klimawandel ist eine der grossen und weiterhin unbeantworteten Zukunftsfragen die nach dem Umgang mit der Endlichkeit nicht erneuerbarer Georessourcen bei wachsendem Ressourcenverbrauch. Wie kann hier mehr Nachhaltigkeit im Sinne von Generationengerechtigkeit gelingen? Der vorliegende Band liefert eindrucksvolle Einblicke in die komplexen Wirkungsketten, die mit der Nutzung von Georessourcen verbunden sind - und die der Mensch in der Regel nicht vollstandig kontrollieren kann. Verschiedene konzeptionelle, analytische und kritische Zugange liefern wichtige Denkanstoesse fur Energie- und Ressourcenwenden jenseits von Geoengineering und anderen technologischen Innovationen. Denn ohne die UEberwindung gewohnheitsmassiger Denk-, Lebens- und Verhaltensweisen, die sich an fossil-kapitalistischen Wohlstandsmodellen orientieren, durfte eine konfliktfreie Versorgung der Menschheit in Zukunft kaum zu gewahrleisten sein. Das Buch richtet sich an die interdisziplinare Fachwelt, an Praktiker, an Studierende und Lehrende aller Hochschultypen, die sich fur die Schnittstellenthematik Mensch-Umwelt und die grosse Transformation zur Nachhaltigkeit interessieren.

The traditional assumption holds that the territory of money coincides precisely with the political frontiers of each nation state: France has the franc, the United Kingdom has the pound, the United States has the dollar. But the disparity between that simple mental landscape and the actual organization of currency spaces has grown in recent years, as territorial boundaries of individual states limit currency circulation less and less. Many currencies are used outside their "home" country for transactions either between nations or within foreign states. In this book, Benjamin J. Cohen asks what this new geography of money reveals about financial and political power.

Cohen shows how recent changes in the geography of money challenge state sovereignty. He examines the role of money and the scope of cross-border currency competition in today's world. Drawing on new work in geography and network theory to explain the new spatial organization of monetary relations, Cohen suggests that international relations, political as well as economic, are being dramatically reshaped by the increasing interpenetration of national monetary spaces. This process, he explains, generates tensions and insecurities as well as opportunities for cooperation.

The debate over the source of Appalachia's economic problems has been going strong since Harry Caudill's Night Comes to the Cumberlands appeared in 1963. Now a new study illuminates the region's plight, making a vital contribution to the understanding of this area's critical economic dilemma.

In Appalachia's Path to Dependency, Paul Salstrom examines the evolution of economic life over time in southern Appalachia. Moving away from the colonial model to an analysis based on dependency, he exposes the complex web of factors -- regulation of credit, industrialization, population growth, cultural values, federal intervention -- that has worked against the region.

Salstrom argues that economic adversity has resulted from three types of disadvantages: natural, market, and political. The overall context in which Appalachia's economic life unfolded was one of expanding United States markets and, after the Civil War, of expanding capitalist relations.

Covering Appalachia's economic history from early white settlement to the end of the New Deal, this work is not simply an economic interpretation but draws as well on other areas of history. Salstrom compares Appalachia with the Midwest at mid-nineteenth century, today's Appalachia with Third World countries, and the region with Japan.

Whereas other interpretations of Appalachia's economy have tended to seek social or psychological explanations for its dependency, this important work compels us to look directly at the region's economic history. This regional perspective offers a clear-eyed view of Appalachia's path in the future.

With the breakup of the Soviet Union and the growing links between the Caucasus, Central and South Asia, and the Middle East, a strategic map of the region is emerging with far-reaching implications for the United States and other major powers. Geoffrey Kemp and Robert Harkavy argue that increasing demand for Persian Gulf and Caspian Basic energy, especially from the booming Asian economies, ensures that the Middle East will remain a global strategic prize and source of continued rivalry. At the same time, radical changes in conventional military technology and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, along with the specter of megaterrorism, present ominous future possibilities in relation to both warfare scenarios involving the Arab-Israel, Iran-Iraq, and India-Pakistan conflicts and the potential need for U.S. interventions. The authors likewise signal the region's positive potential. The Middle East has the capacity to move toward a more constructive and peaceful future. Intra-regional proposals already exist for joint infrastructure projects, shared oil and gas pipelines, and improved transportation and communication grids linking the region to Europe. These proposals could usher in a new era of prosperity and cooperation. A wealth of information is made very accessible through the use of 36 maps detailing the region's history, geography, energy resources, military conflict zones and basing infrastructure, as well as roads and rail and water routes.

In the age of decentralization, instant communications, and the subordination of locality to the demands of a globalizing market, contemporary cities have taken on place-less or a-geographic characters. They have become phantasmagorical landscapes. Atlanta, argues Charles Rutheiser, is in many ways paradigmatic of this generic urbanism. As such, it provides a fertile ground for investigating the play of culture, power and place within a "non-place urban realm." Rutheiser uses the mobilization for the 1996 Olympics to talk about the uneven development of Atlanta's landscape. Like other cities lacking any natural advantages, Atlanta's reputation and built form have been regularly reconfigured by generations of entrepreneurs, politicians, journalists and assorted visionaries to create a service-oriented information city of global reach. Borrowing a term from Walt Disney, Rutheiser refers to these successive waves of organized and systematic promotion as linked, but not always well-co-ordinated acts of urban "imagineering." Focusing on the historic core of the metropolitan area, Rutheiser shows how Atlanta has long been both a test bed for federal urban renewal and a playground for private capital. The city provides an object lesson in internal colonization and urban underdevelopment. Yet, however illustrative of general trends, Atlanta also represents a unique conjunction of universals and particulars; it exemplifies a reality quite unlike either New York or Los Angeles-two cities to which it has often been compared. This book thus adds an important case study to the emerging discourse on contemporary urbanism. It goes beyond providing another account of uneven development and the "theme-parking" of a North American city: Rutheiser reflects on how contemporary American society thinks about cities, and argues that, ultimately, despite the ever-increasing virtualization of day-to-day life, the obliteration of locality is never complete. There always remains some "here," if only deep beneath the "urbane disguises," in the interstices of social activity, in the contradictions of experience and in the residues of individual and collective memory.

From Cotton Belt to Sunbelt investigates the effects of federal policy on the American South from 1938 until 1980 and charts the close relationship between federal efforts to reform the South and the evolution of activist government in the modern United States. Decrying the South's economic backwardness and political conservatism, the Roosevelt Administration launched a series of programs to reorder the Southern economy in the 1930s. After 1950, however, the social welfare state had been replaced by the national security state as the South's principal benefactor. Bruce J. Schulman contrasts the diminished role of national welfare initiatives in the postwar South with the expansion of military and defense-related programs. He analyzes the contributions of these growth-oriented programs tothe South's remarkable economic expansion, to the development of American liberalism, and to the excruciating limits of Sunbelt prosperity, ultimately relating these developments to southern politics and race relations. By linking the history of the South with the history of national public policy, Schulman unites two issues that dominate the domestic history of postwar America--the emergence of the Sunbelt and the expansion of federal power over the nation's economic and social life. A forcefully argued work, From Cotton Belt to Sunbelt, originally published in 1991(Oxford University Press), will be an important guide to students and scholars of federal policy and modern Southern history.

"I have spent my whole professional life as an international economist thinking and writing about economic geography, without being aware of it," begins Paul Krugman in the readable and anecdotal style that has become a hallmark of his writings. Krugman observes that his own shortcomings in ignoring economic geography have been shared by many professional economists, primarily because of the lack of explanatory models. In Geography and Trade he provides a stimulating synthesis of ideas in the literature and describes new models for implementing a study of economic geography that could change the nature of the field.Economic theory usually assumes away distance. Krugman argues that it is time to put it back - that the location of production in space is a key issue both within and between nations.Paul Krugman is Professor of Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He has been a consultant to the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the United Nations, the Trilateral Commission, and the U.S. State Department. He is a member of the Group of Thirty. His books include the recent bestselling Age of Diminished Expectations: U.S. Economic Policy in the 1990s.

Obwohl mineralische Rohstoffe wie beispielsweise Kies, Sand, Quarz und Naturstein auf vielfaltige Weise Grundlagen menschlicher Existenz ermoeglichen und garantieren, haben Vorhaben zur Gewinnung mineralischer Rohstoffe vielerorts mit unterschiedlichen Akzeptanzproblemen zu kampfen. Der planerische Umgang mit Rohstoffsicherung und Rohstoffgewinnung wurde wissenschaftlich bislang hauptsachlich in Bezug auf oekologische oder fachplanerische Problemstellungen, weniger hingegen als teilsystemischer Aspekt in einem soziopolitischen Kontext betrachtet, der durch verstarkten Burgerprotest und erneuerte Partizipations- und Demokratisierungsbestrebungen gekennzeichnet ist.

Details a pattern of development and investment in the American economy that produces diminished growth and increased stagnation.

Silk is not just a simple fiber - it represents something meaningful, universal, perennial. This book tells the story of how the silk textile conquered the luxury world and remained prestigious throughout the ages. Examining sociological research dating back to Antiquity, the Mongol Empire, and Ottoman Turks, this book demonstrates the value of globalization and the importance of diversity through the lens of silk as an enduring luxury textile. This book will be highly marketable to international business students, and to consumers of sociology and history. It can also serve to inform the political science and international relations practitioners regarding trade debates between globalizers and protectionists.

Examines, in detail, the impact of four postwar business cycles on the national economy. Then it is considered some of the major problems facing the economy in this decade.

In den meisten Landern stellen Stadtzentren noch heute den wichtigsten Standort von Einzelhandel und Dienstleistungen dar. Allerdings zeichnet sich ein Wandel ab, denn durch Globalisierung, Digitalisierung und veranderte Konsumgewohnheiten haben sich die Anforderungen an den modernen Einzelhandel verandert. Die Einzelhandelsunternehmen bevorzugen heute andere Standorte als noch vor 50 Jahren, die traditionelle Rolle der Innenstadte ist damit unter Druck geraten. So ist eine ausserst vielfaltige Handelslandschaft entstanden, die in Groesse, Sortiment, Preislage, Zielgruppe und Standort differiert. Das Lehrbuch ist nach dem Akteursgruppenansatz der Wirtschaftsgeographie gegliedert, erganzt um die Betrachtung von Standorten und Standortsystemen sowie einen methodischen Teil. Es werden die Entwicklung der Handelsunternehmen, das Konsumentenverhalten sowie der Einfluss von Investoren, Planern und Politikern auf Standorte des Einzelhandels auf nationaler und internationaler Ebene betrachtet.

Amrei Biedermann und Anna-Lena Ripperger untersuchen das Phanomen Urban Gardening unter Bezugnahme auf relevante Konzepte der Kritischen Stadtgeographie. Davon ausgehend diskutieren sie die widerspruchliche und ambivalente Raumproduktion in den Urban-Gardening-Projekten Frankfurter Garten und Hafengarten Offenbach. Die empirischen Ergebnisse geben uber die Fallbeispiele hinaus einen Einblick in aktuelle Stadtentwicklungsprozesse.

Harald Schernthanner verfolgt das Ziel, aus geoinformatischer Sicht eine konzeptionelle Grundlage zur raumlichen Optimierung von Immobilienportalen zu schaffen. Dabei geht der Autor davon aus, dass Verfahren der raumlichen Statistik und des maschinellen Lernens zur Mietpreisschatzung sich besser als die bisher eingesetzten Verfahren der hedonischen Regression zur raumlichen Optimierung von Immobilienportalen eignen. Er zeigt, dass die von Immobilienportalen publizierten webbasierten Mietpreiskarten nicht die tatsachlichen raumlichen Verhaltnisse auf Immobilienmarkten wiedergeben. Alternative webbasierte Darstellungsformen, wie beispielsweise "Gridmaps", sind dem Status quo der Immobilienpreiskarten von Immobilienportalen uberlegen und visualisieren die tatsachlichen raumlichen Verhaltnisse von Immobilienpreisen zweckmassiger.

Barbara Weig schlagt im vorliegenden Buch eine Brucke zwischen Theorie und Empirie, indem sie zunachst das Konzept der Evolutionaren Wirtschaftsgeographie kritisch diskutiert und um einen konzeptionellen Ansatz zur Analyse Regionaler Resilienz erweitert. Im zweiten Teil des Buches untersucht die Autorin am Fallbeispiel Brunsbuttel, welches Systemverhalten und welche Systemeigenschaften foerderlich und welche hinderlich fur den Aufbau von Regionaler Resilienz sind. In Zeiten von Wandel und Unsicherheit ist eine Eigenschaft komplexer Regionalsysteme von besonderer Bedeutung: die Fahigkeit, Resilienz zu entwickeln. Resilienz bedeutet flexibel auf UEberraschungen reagieren zu koennen, anpassungsfahig zu sein und sich endogen weiter zu entwickeln. Dies trifft insbesondere auf regionale Wirtschaftssysteme zu.

Das vorliegende Buch vereinigt Fallstudien zur Krisenfestigkeit in acht deutschsprachigen Regionen mit jeweils unterschiedlichen strukturellen Voraussetzungen, Anpassungsstrategien und -instrumenten, Krisenerfahrungen und wirtschaftlichen Erfolgen. Im Vergleich zu anderen europaischen Landern wird die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung in den deutschsprachigen Landern Deutschland, OEsterreich und Schweiz wahrend des vergangenen Jahrzehnts positiv beurteilt. Beschaftigung und Exporte stiegen an, und das Wirtschaftswachstum sank lediglich relativ kurzfristig im unmittelbaren weltweiten Wirtschaftskrisenjahr 2009. Die Fallstudien basieren auf Experteninterviews in den jeweiligen Regionen und auf nationaler und europaischer Ebene sowie zwei Workshops mit Praktikern aus untersuchten Regionen in Baden-Wurttemberg und Sachsen. Zielgruppen fur das Buch sind zum einen Praktiker in Landesregierungen, regionalen und lokalen Wirtschaftsfoerderungen, Kammern und Verbanden und zum anderen regionalwissenschaftliche Forscher.

Michael Bar untersucht Strukturen von Containerseehafen im Ostseeraum, denn Containerterminals sind wichtige Schnittstellen bei der raumlichen Ausdehnung weltweit organisierter Transportlogistikablaufe. Der Autor nimmt eine Analyse zur logistischen Integration von Containerterminals des Schifffahrtsgebiets Ostseeraum als Schnittstellen in internationalen Transportlogistikablaufen vor und zieht dabei Ansatze zur Erklarung globaler Wertschoepfungs- und Warenketten heran. Das verbindende Element ergibt sich aus der Annahme, dass kettenartige Transportablaufe mit Aussagen dieser theoretischen Erklarungsansatze unterlegt werden koennen.

As Ian Bremmer and Preston Keat reveal in this innovative book, volatile political events such as the 2008 Georgia-Russia confrontation--and their catastrophic effects on business--happen much more frequently than investors imagine. On the curve that charts both the frequency of these events and the power of their impact, the "tail" of extreme political instability is not reassuringly thin but dangerously fat.
Featuring a new Foreward that accounts for the cataclysmic effects of the 2008 financial crisis, The Fat Tail is the first book to both identify the wide range of political risks that global firms face and show investors how to effectively manage them. Written by two of the world's leading figures in political risk management, it reveals that while the world remains exceedingly risky for businesses, it is by no means incomprehensible. Political risk is unpredictable, but it is easier to analyze and manage than most people think. Applying the lessons of world history, Bremmer and Keat survey a vast range of contemporary risky situations, from stable markets like the United States or Japan, where politically driven regulation can still dramatically effect business, to more precarious places like Iran, China, Russia, Turkey, Mexico, and Nigeria, where private property is less secure and energy politics sparks constant volatility. The book sheds light on a wide array of political risks--risks that stem from great power rivalries, terrorist groups, government takeover of private property, weak leaders and internal strife, and even the "black swans" that defy prediction. But more importantly, the authors provide a wealth of unique methods, tools, and concepts to help corporations, money managers, and policy makers understand political risk, showing when and how political risk analysis works--and when it does not.
"The Fat Tail delivers practical wisdom on the impact of political risk on firms of every description and valuable advice on how to use it. Ian Bremmer and Preston Keat offer innovative thinking and useful insight that will help business decision-makers find fresh answers to questions they may not yet know they have."
--Fareed Zakaria, best-selling author of The Post-American World
"Political risk has become increasingly complex, and The Fat Tail provides a truly new way to quantitatively assess it in established and emerging markets. It is essential reading for any CEO with multinational interests."
--Randall Stephenson, Chairman, CEO and President, AT&T Inc.
"Should be essential reading for anyone involved in international business even--perhaps especially--in places that seem politically stable."
--Bill Emmott, former editor-in-chief of The Economist

Dieses Buch beschreibt und erklart erstmals und komplex die Staatsschuldenkrise der Europaischen Wahrungsunion. Es werden die Verursachung im Vorfeld der Grundung und die vor allem makrookonomische Entwicklung der Euro Krise in ihrer inneren Logik analysiert. Auf dieser Grundlage erfolgt die Darstellung der unterschiedlichen Instrumente der EU zur Stabilisierung sowie die Ableitung der notwendigen wirtschafts-, finanz- und geldpolitischen Schritte zur Erhaltung der Europaischen Wahrungsunion."

Das steigende Guterverkehrsaufkommen in der Europaischen Union fuhrt zu Umweltbeeintrachtigungen, von denen der Alpenraum in besonderem Masse betroffen ist. Das vorliegende Werk geht der Frage nach, wie dem unter Berucksichtigung der Grundfreiheiten der Europaischen Union - insbesondere des freien Warenverkehrs - durch gezielte rechtliche Massnahmen begegnet werden kann. Zentrale Bedeutung kommt dabei den rechtlichen Bestimmungen zur Errichtung und Nutzung von Infrastrukturen fur den alpenquerenden und inneralpinen Guterverkehr zu, insbesondere der Alpenkonvention - einem volkerrechtlichen Abkommen zum Schutz und Erhalt der Alpen - und ihrem Verkehrsprotokoll, deren Vertrags- bzw. Unterzeichnerparteien die Europaische Union sowie die acht Alpenstaaten sind. Die Alpenkonvention und das Verkehrsprotokoll werden in dem Werk erstmals umfassend dargestellt und analysiert. Schliesslich zeigt die Untersuchung, welche rechtlichen Wirkungen das Verkehrsprotokoll, das die Europaische Union bisher lediglich unterzeichnet hat, im Falle seiner Ratifikation fur die Europaische Union entfalten wurde. "

This book argues that the unique environments of the North have been born of the relationship between humans and nature. Approaching the topic through the lens of environmental history, the contributors examine a broad range of geographies, including those of Iceland and other islands in the Northern Atlantic, Sweden, Finland, Russia, the Pacific Northwest, and Canada, over a time span ranging from CE 800 to 2000. Northscapes is bound together by the intellectual project of investigating the North both as an imagined and mythologized space and as an environment shaped by human technology.