The debate over the source of Appalachia's economic problems has been going strong since Harry Caudill's Night Comes to the Cumberlands appeared in 1963. Now a new study illuminates the region's plight, making a vital contribution to the understanding of this area's critical economic dilemma.

In Appalachia's Path to Dependency, Paul Salstrom examines the evolution of economic life over time in southern Appalachia. Moving away from the colonial model to an analysis based on dependency, he exposes the complex web of factors -- regulation of credit, industrialization, population growth, cultural values, federal intervention -- that has worked against the region.

Salstrom argues that economic adversity has resulted from three types of disadvantages: natural, market, and political. The overall context in which Appalachia's economic life unfolded was one of expanding United States markets and, after the Civil War, of expanding capitalist relations.

Covering Appalachia's economic history from early white settlement to the end of the New Deal, this work is not simply an economic interpretation but draws as well on other areas of history. Salstrom compares Appalachia with the Midwest at mid-nineteenth century, today's Appalachia with Third World countries, and the region with Japan.

Whereas other interpretations of Appalachia's economy have tended to seek social or psychological explanations for its dependency, this important work compels us to look directly at the region's economic history. This regional perspective offers a clear-eyed view of Appalachia's path in the future.

From Cotton Belt to Sunbelt investigates the effects of federal policy on the American South from 1938 until 1980 and charts the close relationship between federal efforts to reform the South and the evolution of activist government in the modern United States. Decrying the South's economic backwardness and political conservatism, the Roosevelt Administration launched a series of programs to reorder the Southern economy in the 1930s. After 1950, however, the social welfare state had been replaced by the national security state as the South's principal benefactor. Bruce J. Schulman contrasts the diminished role of national welfare initiatives in the postwar South with the expansion of military and defense-related programs. He analyzes the contributions of these growth-oriented programs tothe South's remarkable economic expansion, to the development of American liberalism, and to the excruciating limits of Sunbelt prosperity, ultimately relating these developments to southern politics and race relations. By linking the history of the South with the history of national public policy, Schulman unites two issues that dominate the domestic history of postwar America--the emergence of the Sunbelt and the expansion of federal power over the nation's economic and social life. A forcefully argued work, From Cotton Belt to Sunbelt, originally published in 1991(Oxford University Press), will be an important guide to students and scholars of federal policy and modern Southern history.

"I have spent my whole professional life as an international economist thinking and writing about economic geography, without being aware of it," begins Paul Krugman in the readable and anecdotal style that has become a hallmark of his writings. Krugman observes that his own shortcomings in ignoring economic geography have been shared by many professional economists, primarily because of the lack of explanatory models. In Geography and Trade he provides a stimulating synthesis of ideas in the literature and describes new models for implementing a study of economic geography that could change the nature of the field.Economic theory usually assumes away distance. Krugman argues that it is time to put it back - that the location of production in space is a key issue both within and between nations.Paul Krugman is Professor of Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He has been a consultant to the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the United Nations, the Trilateral Commission, and the U.S. State Department. He is a member of the Group of Thirty. His books include the recent bestselling Age of Diminished Expectations: U.S. Economic Policy in the 1990s.

Obwohl mineralische Rohstoffe wie beispielsweise Kies, Sand, Quarz und Naturstein auf vielfaltige Weise Grundlagen menschlicher Existenz ermoeglichen und garantieren, haben Vorhaben zur Gewinnung mineralischer Rohstoffe vielerorts mit unterschiedlichen Akzeptanzproblemen zu kampfen. Der planerische Umgang mit Rohstoffsicherung und Rohstoffgewinnung wurde wissenschaftlich bislang hauptsachlich in Bezug auf oekologische oder fachplanerische Problemstellungen, weniger hingegen als teilsystemischer Aspekt in einem soziopolitischen Kontext betrachtet, der durch verstarkten Burgerprotest und erneuerte Partizipations- und Demokratisierungsbestrebungen gekennzeichnet ist.

Details a pattern of development and investment in the American economy that produces diminished growth and increased stagnation.

Silk is not just a simple fiber - it represents something meaningful, universal, perennial. This book tells the story of how the silk textile conquered the luxury world and remained prestigious throughout the ages. Examining sociological research dating back to Antiquity, the Mongol Empire, and Ottoman Turks, this book demonstrates the value of globalization and the importance of diversity through the lens of silk as an enduring luxury textile. This book will be highly marketable to international business students, and to consumers of sociology and history. It can also serve to inform the political science and international relations practitioners regarding trade debates between globalizers and protectionists.

Examines, in detail, the impact of four postwar business cycles on the national economy. Then it is considered some of the major problems facing the economy in this decade.

In den meisten Landern stellen Stadtzentren noch heute den wichtigsten Standort von Einzelhandel und Dienstleistungen dar. Allerdings zeichnet sich ein Wandel ab, denn durch Globalisierung, Digitalisierung und veranderte Konsumgewohnheiten haben sich die Anforderungen an den modernen Einzelhandel verandert. Die Einzelhandelsunternehmen bevorzugen heute andere Standorte als noch vor 50 Jahren, die traditionelle Rolle der Innenstadte ist damit unter Druck geraten. So ist eine ausserst vielfaltige Handelslandschaft entstanden, die in Groesse, Sortiment, Preislage, Zielgruppe und Standort differiert. Das Lehrbuch ist nach dem Akteursgruppenansatz der Wirtschaftsgeographie gegliedert, erganzt um die Betrachtung von Standorten und Standortsystemen sowie einen methodischen Teil. Es werden die Entwicklung der Handelsunternehmen, das Konsumentenverhalten sowie der Einfluss von Investoren, Planern und Politikern auf Standorte des Einzelhandels auf nationaler und internationaler Ebene betrachtet.

The landscape is a vital spatial and material frame for our natural and man-made environment and is considered by many stakeholders to be one of the most important aspects of a healthy, enjoyable life. This book deals with the current trends in the theory of the integration of landscape aspects in spatial planning and development processes. The authors discuss the need for integrated land use planning, landscape planning and impact assessment, and explore landscape consideration practice in European countries, with a special focus on Slovakia. Information about landscape decision-making approaches and cases illustrates current practice and lessons from experience, providing baseline material for landscape academic forum, members of the public and professionals in spatial development making: planners, designers, architects, engineers and others. This practice-oriented and up-to-date monograph is a sourcebook and reference guide to key trends, issues of and approaches to sustainable spatial development in European countries.

Amrei Biedermann und Anna-Lena Ripperger untersuchen das Phanomen Urban Gardening unter Bezugnahme auf relevante Konzepte der Kritischen Stadtgeographie. Davon ausgehend diskutieren sie die widerspruchliche und ambivalente Raumproduktion in den Urban-Gardening-Projekten Frankfurter Garten und Hafengarten Offenbach. Die empirischen Ergebnisse geben uber die Fallbeispiele hinaus einen Einblick in aktuelle Stadtentwicklungsprozesse.

Harald Schernthanner verfolgt das Ziel, aus geoinformatischer Sicht eine konzeptionelle Grundlage zur raumlichen Optimierung von Immobilienportalen zu schaffen. Dabei geht der Autor davon aus, dass Verfahren der raumlichen Statistik und des maschinellen Lernens zur Mietpreisschatzung sich besser als die bisher eingesetzten Verfahren der hedonischen Regression zur raumlichen Optimierung von Immobilienportalen eignen. Er zeigt, dass die von Immobilienportalen publizierten webbasierten Mietpreiskarten nicht die tatsachlichen raumlichen Verhaltnisse auf Immobilienmarkten wiedergeben. Alternative webbasierte Darstellungsformen, wie beispielsweise "Gridmaps", sind dem Status quo der Immobilienpreiskarten von Immobilienportalen uberlegen und visualisieren die tatsachlichen raumlichen Verhaltnisse von Immobilienpreisen zweckmassiger.

Barbara Weig schlagt im vorliegenden Buch eine Brucke zwischen Theorie und Empirie, indem sie zunachst das Konzept der Evolutionaren Wirtschaftsgeographie kritisch diskutiert und um einen konzeptionellen Ansatz zur Analyse Regionaler Resilienz erweitert. Im zweiten Teil des Buches untersucht die Autorin am Fallbeispiel Brunsbuttel, welches Systemverhalten und welche Systemeigenschaften foerderlich und welche hinderlich fur den Aufbau von Regionaler Resilienz sind. In Zeiten von Wandel und Unsicherheit ist eine Eigenschaft komplexer Regionalsysteme von besonderer Bedeutung: die Fahigkeit, Resilienz zu entwickeln. Resilienz bedeutet flexibel auf UEberraschungen reagieren zu koennen, anpassungsfahig zu sein und sich endogen weiter zu entwickeln. Dies trifft insbesondere auf regionale Wirtschaftssysteme zu.

Das vorliegende Buch vereinigt Fallstudien zur Krisenfestigkeit in acht deutschsprachigen Regionen mit jeweils unterschiedlichen strukturellen Voraussetzungen, Anpassungsstrategien und -instrumenten, Krisenerfahrungen und wirtschaftlichen Erfolgen. Im Vergleich zu anderen europaischen Landern wird die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung in den deutschsprachigen Landern Deutschland, OEsterreich und Schweiz wahrend des vergangenen Jahrzehnts positiv beurteilt. Beschaftigung und Exporte stiegen an, und das Wirtschaftswachstum sank lediglich relativ kurzfristig im unmittelbaren weltweiten Wirtschaftskrisenjahr 2009. Die Fallstudien basieren auf Experteninterviews in den jeweiligen Regionen und auf nationaler und europaischer Ebene sowie zwei Workshops mit Praktikern aus untersuchten Regionen in Baden-Wurttemberg und Sachsen. Zielgruppen fur das Buch sind zum einen Praktiker in Landesregierungen, regionalen und lokalen Wirtschaftsfoerderungen, Kammern und Verbanden und zum anderen regionalwissenschaftliche Forscher.

Michael Bar untersucht Strukturen von Containerseehafen im Ostseeraum, denn Containerterminals sind wichtige Schnittstellen bei der raumlichen Ausdehnung weltweit organisierter Transportlogistikablaufe. Der Autor nimmt eine Analyse zur logistischen Integration von Containerterminals des Schifffahrtsgebiets Ostseeraum als Schnittstellen in internationalen Transportlogistikablaufen vor und zieht dabei Ansatze zur Erklarung globaler Wertschoepfungs- und Warenketten heran. Das verbindende Element ergibt sich aus der Annahme, dass kettenartige Transportablaufe mit Aussagen dieser theoretischen Erklarungsansatze unterlegt werden koennen.

As Ian Bremmer and Preston Keat reveal in this innovative book, volatile political events such as the 2008 Georgia-Russia confrontation--and their catastrophic effects on business--happen much more frequently than investors imagine. On the curve that charts both the frequency of these events and the power of their impact, the "tail" of extreme political instability is not reassuringly thin but dangerously fat.
Featuring a new Foreward that accounts for the cataclysmic effects of the 2008 financial crisis, The Fat Tail is the first book to both identify the wide range of political risks that global firms face and show investors how to effectively manage them. Written by two of the world's leading figures in political risk management, it reveals that while the world remains exceedingly risky for businesses, it is by no means incomprehensible. Political risk is unpredictable, but it is easier to analyze and manage than most people think. Applying the lessons of world history, Bremmer and Keat survey a vast range of contemporary risky situations, from stable markets like the United States or Japan, where politically driven regulation can still dramatically effect business, to more precarious places like Iran, China, Russia, Turkey, Mexico, and Nigeria, where private property is less secure and energy politics sparks constant volatility. The book sheds light on a wide array of political risks--risks that stem from great power rivalries, terrorist groups, government takeover of private property, weak leaders and internal strife, and even the "black swans" that defy prediction. But more importantly, the authors provide a wealth of unique methods, tools, and concepts to help corporations, money managers, and policy makers understand political risk, showing when and how political risk analysis works--and when it does not.
"The Fat Tail delivers practical wisdom on the impact of political risk on firms of every description and valuable advice on how to use it. Ian Bremmer and Preston Keat offer innovative thinking and useful insight that will help business decision-makers find fresh answers to questions they may not yet know they have."
--Fareed Zakaria, best-selling author of The Post-American World
"Political risk has become increasingly complex, and The Fat Tail provides a truly new way to quantitatively assess it in established and emerging markets. It is essential reading for any CEO with multinational interests."
--Randall Stephenson, Chairman, CEO and President, AT&T Inc.
"Should be essential reading for anyone involved in international business even--perhaps especially--in places that seem politically stable."
--Bill Emmott, former editor-in-chief of The Economist

Dieses Buch beschreibt und erklart erstmals und komplex die Staatsschuldenkrise der Europaischen Wahrungsunion. Es werden die Verursachung im Vorfeld der Grundung und die vor allem makrookonomische Entwicklung der Euro Krise in ihrer inneren Logik analysiert. Auf dieser Grundlage erfolgt die Darstellung der unterschiedlichen Instrumente der EU zur Stabilisierung sowie die Ableitung der notwendigen wirtschafts-, finanz- und geldpolitischen Schritte zur Erhaltung der Europaischen Wahrungsunion."

Das steigende Guterverkehrsaufkommen in der Europaischen Union fuhrt zu Umweltbeeintrachtigungen, von denen der Alpenraum in besonderem Masse betroffen ist. Das vorliegende Werk geht der Frage nach, wie dem unter Berucksichtigung der Grundfreiheiten der Europaischen Union - insbesondere des freien Warenverkehrs - durch gezielte rechtliche Massnahmen begegnet werden kann. Zentrale Bedeutung kommt dabei den rechtlichen Bestimmungen zur Errichtung und Nutzung von Infrastrukturen fur den alpenquerenden und inneralpinen Guterverkehr zu, insbesondere der Alpenkonvention - einem volkerrechtlichen Abkommen zum Schutz und Erhalt der Alpen - und ihrem Verkehrsprotokoll, deren Vertrags- bzw. Unterzeichnerparteien die Europaische Union sowie die acht Alpenstaaten sind. Die Alpenkonvention und das Verkehrsprotokoll werden in dem Werk erstmals umfassend dargestellt und analysiert. Schliesslich zeigt die Untersuchung, welche rechtlichen Wirkungen das Verkehrsprotokoll, das die Europaische Union bisher lediglich unterzeichnet hat, im Falle seiner Ratifikation fur die Europaische Union entfalten wurde. "

This book argues that the unique environments of the North have been born of the relationship between humans and nature. Approaching the topic through the lens of environmental history, the contributors examine a broad range of geographies, including those of Iceland and other islands in the Northern Atlantic, Sweden, Finland, Russia, the Pacific Northwest, and Canada, over a time span ranging from CE 800 to 2000. Northscapes is bound together by the intellectual project of investigating the North both as an imagined and mythologized space and as an environment shaped by human technology.

Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have gained a renewed momentum in recent years, and have come to be viewed by governments and funders alike as a silver bullet for infrastructure development and public service provision. Critiques of the corporate capture of development are well established, yet until now the urgent question of the impacts of PPPs on women's human rights around the world has remained under-explored. This open access book aims to fill the gap, providing new insights from a set of case studies from across the Global South. Bringing an intersectional feminist approach to PPPs, these cases enable analysis that can inform advocacy and activism, whilst challenging dominant narratives and resisting the negative impacts of PPPs on women and historically marginalized communities' human rights. Widely advocating for stronger regulatory frameworks and institutions, and indicating how changes could be implemented, the examples analysed cover a range of sectors including health, energy, and infrastructure from countries including Ethiopia, Peru, India and Fiji. The eBook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by Development Alternatives with Women for a New Era (DAWN).

Landscape ecology focuses on spatial heterogeneity, or the idea that where things are and where they are in relation to other things can have important consequences for a wide range of phenomena. Landscape ecology integrates humans with natural ecosystems and brings a spatial perspective to such fields as natural resource management, conservation, and urban planning.

The thirty-seven papers included in this volume present the origins and development of landscape ecology and encompass a variety of perspectives, approaches, and geographies. The editors begin with articles that illuminate the discipline's diverse scientific foundations, such as L. S. Berg's keystone paper outlining a geoecological analysis based on soil science, physical geography, and geology. Next they include selections exemplifying landscape ecologists' growing awareness of spatial pattern, the different ways they incorporated scale into their work, the progression of landscape ecology from a qualitative to a quantitative discipline, and how concepts from landscape ecology have come to permeate ecological research and influence land-use policy, conservation practices, landscape architecture, and geography. Together these articles provide a solid introduction to what is now widely recognized as an important area of research and application that encourages new ways of thinking about natural and human-dominated ecosystems.

A global blue economy is an economic arena that depends on the benefits and values realized from the coastal and marine environments. This book explains the "sustainable blue economy" as a marine-based economy that provides social and economic benefits for current and future generations. It restores, protects, and maintains the diversity, productivity, and resilience of marine ecosystems, and is based on clean technologies, renewable energy, and circular material flows.

In recent years, investors have learned the hard truth that in the international economy, politics often matters at least as much as economic fundamentals for the performance of global markets. Too many companies and investors haven't yet learned to read the warning signs: their expertise lies much more in economics than politics, and the temptation is to hope that highly volatile situations such as the 2008 Georgia-Russia confrontation will be few and far between. But as Ian Bremmer and Preston Keat demonstrate, these scenarios--and their catastrophic effects on business--happen much more frequently than we imagine. On the curve that charts both the frequency of these events and the power of their impact, the 'tail' of extreme political instability is not reassuringly thin but dangerously fat.
This groundbreaking book is the first to both identify the wide range of political risks that global firms face and show investors how to effectively manage them. Written by two of the world's leading figures in political risk management, it reveals that while the world remains exceedingly risky for businesses, it is by no means incomprehensible. Political risk is unpredictable, but it is easier to analyze and manage than most people think. Applying the lessons of world history, Bremmer and Keat survey a vast range of contemporary risky situations, from stable markets like the United States or Japan, where politically driven regulation can still dramatically effect business, to more precarious places like Iran, China, Russia, Turkey, Mexico, and Nigeria, where private property is less secure and energy politics sparks constant volatility. The book sheds light on a wide array of political risks--risks that stem from great power rivalries, terrorist groups, government takeover of private property, weak leaders and internal strife, and even the "black swans" that defy prediction. But more importantly, the authors provide a wealth of unique methods, tools, and concepts to help corporations, money managers, and policy makers understand political risk, showing when and how political risk analysis works--and when it does not.
Authored by Ian Bremmer (author of the bestselling The J-Curve) and Preston Keat, the president and research director (respectively) of Eurasia Group, the world's leading political risk consultancy firm, The Fat Tail is an indispensable guide for anyone involved in the international economy.

The 'neoliberal' economic policy of President Recep Tayyip Erdogan's AKP Party, which has delivered extraordinary growth in Turkish GDP over the last decade, has been one of the foundations of the party's popular appeal. Here, a group of experts on Turkish political economy show how these policies have also had a detrimental impact on the environment, sustainability and the long-term health of the Turkish economy. Taking the two main sectors of growth during the past decade-energy and construction-as its primary focus, the book engages broadly with the political economy of inequality and sustainability in contemporary Turkey. Ultimately, the authors argue that 'environmental conflicts' in Turkey are not merely about the environment but intersect with contemporary politics of religion, ethnicity, gender, and class within the context of top-down, modernising economic development. Neoliberal Turkey and its Discontents marks an important contribution to debates around the economic growth of Turkey and the future of the AKP's long-term economic plan.

In "Uneven Development," a classic in its field, Neil Smith offers the first full theory of uneven geographical development, entwining theories of space and nature with a critique of capitalist development. Featuring pathbreaking analyses of the production of nature and the politics of scale, Smith's work anticipated many of the uneven contours that now mark neoliberal globalization. This third edition features an afterword updating the analysis for the present day.