Contents:
Part 1. The Schoolmen and their problems
1. The Beginning of Scholasticism in the British Isles
2. Commerce and Ethics
3. Growth of Trade and Commerce
4. Conflict between Ethics and Economics

Part 2. Alexander of Hales (Alensis)
1. Community and Private Property
2. Trade and Commerce
3. Aristotle and the Schoolmen
4. Usury

Part 3. Richardus de Media Villa
1. Community and Liberty
2. Lawfulness of Trade and Commerce
3. Difference between Gain and Interest

Part 4. John Duns Scotus
1. Remarks on his Life and Work
2. Origin of Property and State
3. Trade and Commerce
4. Usury

Part 5. The Legacy of the Schoolmen
1. Preparing the Way for Modern Times
2. William of Ockham
3. Influence on Modern Views

Part 6. The Age of Mercantilism: General View
1. Definition of Mercantilism
2. Importance of Coin and Bullion
3. The Mechanism of Bullionist Policy
4. The Ethics of the Angevin Trade Legislation
5. The Two Periods of Mercantlism

Part 7. Sixteenth Century Economics
1. Price Revolution and Money Difficulties
2. The 'Dearth' and Debasement of the Coinage
3. John Hales on the Nature of Money
4. Influx of West Indian Treasure
5. Delivering Money by Exchange
6. Gerard Malynes and Thomas Milles against Exchangers
7. Excess of Imports
8. The Prime Cause of the Economic Difficulties
9. The Quantity Theory of Money: John Locke

Part 8. Balance of Trade
1. Mediaeval and Modern Conception of Trading
2. Rise of the term "Balance of Trade"
3. Origin of Some Ideas of the Balance of Trade
4. Thomas Mun and Edward Misselden
5. Influence of the Balance of Trade Doctrine

Part 9. Importance of Manufacture
1. Arts and Crafts as a Source of Treasure
2. Beginning of the Protective System
3. Sir William Petty on Money, Value and International Trade
4. Petty and his Contemporaries on Labour, Population and Wages
5. Conflict between Crown and Merchants

Part 10. Recapitualation
1. Meaning of the Balance of Trade
2. Mercantilism and Foreign Politics

Part 11. Transition to Liberal Economics
1. Introductory Remarks
2. Manufacture, Credit, Banking and Free Trade
3. The Ant-Mercantilists: Child, Barbon, Davenant
4. The Free-Trade Maxims of Dudley North
5. The Economics of the Free-Trade Doctrine
6. Jacob Vanderlint, Matthew Dekker, and Joseph Massie
7. David Hume

Retrospect: British Economies in 1750

Nassau Senior is one of the most significant economists in the classical tradition. This study is based both on his unpublished and published lectures and writings. Part 1 illustrates Senior's outstanding contribution in synthesizing the various developments of Adam Smith's theories that took place during the first part of the 19th century. Part 2 examines Senior's opinions and influence on social and economic policy, in particular his connection with the passing of the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834.

The concept of 'marginal value' is critical to the emergence of neo-classical economics. This volume is divided into sections on: Book I: Utility (Disutility of labour, Utility and Wants, Direct and Indirect Utility, Utility Equations, Subjective Price) Book II: Value and Market (Objective Price, Markets, Value) Book III: Relations of Subjective Prices (The Distribution of Income and Prices, The Elasticity of Consumption, Differential Rent) Book IV: The Normal Market (Constant, Decreasing and Increasing Return)

The book presents a rigorous reconstruction of Ricardo's contribution to economic theory and a unifying interpretation of the key issues of Ricardo's research. Part One deals primarily with the problems of value and distribution Part Two deals specifically with the issues of distribution and growth. * Contemporary economic literature in the fields of value, distribution and growth is witnessing a renewed interest in the approach of the classical school, notably in the work of David Ricardo.

The connection between productive labour and effective demand has often been ignored and disputed in political economy, even by giants like Ricardo and Marx. This book traces the historical development of theories, concentrating in particularly on those of Malthus, Marx and Keynes. Particular attention is also paid to the Great Depression in the UK and USA.

This book illustrates how the first social science, that of economics, was built. It examines and discusses the work of Josiah Child, Nicholas Barbon, John Collins, William Petty, John Locke and Dudley North and the economic theories of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations has been among the world books for over two hundred years and has gathered a mythology, which does scant justice to the actual book. One reason for this was that the Wealth of Nations was one of a series of studies through which Smith hoped to complete his system of moral, social and natural philosophy. The Individual in Society illustrates this system, especially in relation to Smith's other major work, The Theory of Moral Sentiments and examines its relation to the Wealth of Nations. Included are: * Chapters on the views of important commentators such as Zeyss, Eckstein, Jacob Viner and James Bonar * Discussion of the ethical and sociological background of Smith's work and its influence on the thought of the next century.

Volume One analyses the intellectual sources and evolution of Marx's critique of political economy leading up the writing of the main Capital manuscripts (1844-1860). The volume: * Provides a clear illustration of the contents of the texts in a way that enables readers to understand the intellectual influences on Marx * Clarifies Marx's own view of what he was trying to achieve through his critique of political economy * The themes of value, income distribution and the law of motion of capitalism are traced to their origins.

Volume Two covers the years 1861-1863, when Marx consolidated and refined the arguments of his critique of political economy in his relatively neglected manuscripts Theories of Surplus Value. * Special attention is paid to the nature, scope and limitations of Marx's critique and to the critique of Ricardo's Principles.

This is one of the first complete surveys of McCulloch's work, and it shows his thought to have been far more complex and comprehensive than has previously been realized.

Ricardo is one of the most imposing figures in the history of economic thought, yet at times his writings are among the most obscure. This book traces, simplifies and clarifies Ricardo's ideas on the principal topics on which he wrote. It also provides an analysis of Ricardo's most cryptic passages and explores areas where Ricardo appears to be mistaken. Setting his writings against the context of his contemporaries, the relevance of the Ricardian contribution to subsequent economic thinking is made very clear.

The articles in this volume were written in honour of F. A. Hayek and cover the whole scope of his thought. Many of the essays take as a starting point Hayek's own writings. The list of distinguished contributors include: Jacques Rueff, George Halm, Michael Polyani, Gordon Tullock, Gunter Schmoelders, Friedrich Lutz, Gottfried von Haberler, Frank Paish, Ludwig Lachmann, Peter Bauer, James Buchanan, Fritz Machlup and Karl Popper.

This book discusses the history of economic theories, drawing largely from periodical literature, which is often hard to obtain. The book is divided into sections along linguistic lines (German, Romance and English speaking countries).

Social Economics holds a place in the literature of the Austrian School such as John Stuart Mill's Political Economy holds in the literature of classical theory. It sums up, systematises and extends the doctrines developed by the founder of the school, the author and his fellow workers.

With an impressive array of international contributors from the UK, USA, Sweden and Peru, this book includes chapters on the following: The nature of the multinational enterprise; The theory of the firm; The location of economic activity; Industrial organization; Technology and technological change; the theory of international trade; Monetary policy; The theory of development policy; Wage determination and collective bargaining; Income distribution and welfare considerations and size of firm and size of nation.

Keynesian Economics provides a wide-ranging critical examination of the presuppositions and procedures of Keynesian analysis. The result is both a clear guide to modern macro-economic theory and policy and a revealing exercise in the recent history of ideas - ideas which are highly contentious and still deeply influential. "(Alan) Coddington made several substantive contributions to the understanding of Keynesian economics which established his fame not merely in the UK but in major centres of economics around the world." The Times

The rise of game theory has made bargaining one of the core issues in economic theory. Written at a theoretical and conceptual level, this book develops a framework for the analysis of bargaining processes. The framework focuses on the dynamic of the bargaining process, which is in contrast to much previous theoretical work on the subject, and most notably to the approaches stemming from game theory. Chapters include: decision-making and expectations in theories of bargaining; decision-making and expectations in a game theory model; limitations of the environment concept; game theory as a basis for a theory of bargaining; the decision/expectation/adjustment approach; the adjustment process; direct interdependence and the consistency of decisions.

This CD accompanies a collection of four complete practice tests for the updated Key English Test (KET), specially prepared by University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations. These tests provide candidates with an excellent opportunity to familiarise themselves with the updated KET exam (to be introduced in March 2004) and to practise examination techniques. Visual material for Paper 3 is included with each test, enabling students to prepare thoroughly for the paired Speaking test. The Student's Book is available with or without answers. The 'with answers' edition contains a comprehensive section of keys and tapescripts, making it ideal for self-study. The CD contains the listening material for Paper 2 in the same timed format as the exam itself.

Kalecki is widely regarded as one of the leading theorists in the Post-Keynesian tradition and Theory of Economic Dynamics is one of his most influential works.

This volume represents the extension of Keynes' general theory by a group of eminent economists. Each essay takes Keynes' work as a frame of reference for criticism, explorations and insights, whilst adding to the superstructure on the foundation of the general theory. The essays also provide the necessary sense of perspective with a view to examining the Keynesian contribution to economic thought and also the limitations of Keynesian economics. The international contributors include: Dudley Dillard, Martin Bronfenbrenner, Mabel F. Timlin, William S. Vickrey, Don Patinkin, Howard R. Bowen, Gerald M. Meier, R.C.O. Matthews, Shinichi Ichimura, Anatol Murad, Lawrence R. Klein, Shigeto Tsuru, Paul P. Streeten, Lorie Tarshis and Franco Modigliani.

G.L.S. Shackle made numerous, pioneering contributions to the study of uncertainty in economic life. This volume studies the production process, where resources must be committed to specific technological purposes long in advance of the ultimate sale of goods to the consumer. The problems of such a system rest on the durability of the instruments it uses, whose huge expense can only be recouped if they can be used for many years. Yet at the time of investment, those years of use are in the future and uncertain. The firm is the essential institutional means of confronting this uncertainty. Expectation, Enterprise and Profit is concerned with the nature and mode of life of the firm as a means of policy formation in the face of uncertainty. Chapters include: The Nature and Matrix of Production, Investment and Expectation, Interdependent Decision-Making and Profit and Equilibrium.

This book examines important issues on the relationship between economics and political values or ideologies, by analysing the main branches of economic theory in an historical perspective and their impact on economic policy. The book is structured as follows: Part I: Positive Economics? 1. The Positive-Normative Distinction in the History of Economic Thought Part II: Policy Objectives 2. The Objectives of Economic Policies: An Historical Review

Arguing that the disciplines of economics and sociology are inter-related and vitally important to each other, this work discusses major issues such as the effects of urbanization, population growth, and the growth of various forms of nationalism from both economic and socio-political viewpoints. In addition the significance and limits of pure economics are examined, as are the sociological factors in modern economic theory, as well as power and economic law.

'The translation of these essays is a testimony to Professor Schumpeter's power in the analysis of economic thinking' The Financial Times. This classic book is divided into four sections. The first gives a broad survey of economic thought from the days of Aristotle to the beginnings of modern times, and the second traces the development of the conception of the circular flow of economic forces. The third and fourth sections cover the main theorems of the classical economists and describe the genesis of the school of marginal utility.

Does economics actually help us to understand and solve real world problems? Examining and analysing the role of economics and economic theory in the social and political life of the early twentieth century, many of the arguments contained in this book are as relevant and controversial today as when they were first published. Chapters include: 1. The Relation of Economic Theory to the Actual Economic World 2. The Nature and Insignificance of the Economic Science 3. Economics as Apologetics? 4. Economic Individualism