Wastewater Treatment: Cutting-Edge Molecular Tools, Techniques and Applied Aspects reports new findings in existing molecular biology strategies, including their limitations, challenges and potential application to remove environmental pollutants through advancements made in cutting edge tools. In addition, the book introduces new trends and advances in environmental bioremediation with thorough discussions on recent developments in this field.

Water is the most valuable resource for all human development. With increasing global population the demand for water increases whereas the sources of clean water are decreasing. recycling and reuse of wastewater has become an imperative which demands the development of new, efficient and environmentally friendly treatment methods. Current Trends and Future Developments in (Bio-) Membranes: Recent Achievements in Wastewater and Water Treatments provides a comprehensive coverage of the existing wastewater treatment including, but not exclusively, membrane-based methods. The book presents most common used methods compares and evaluates them depending on their particular application. It illustrates many aspects of the various treatment systems used in water and wastewater purification and lists the advantages of membrane-based methods to non-membrane based technologies. This book focuses on introducing, applications, advantages/disadvantages, evaluating of membrane-based technologies and comparing it with other non-membrane based systems. It also analyses the various limitations of each method. Hence, the book is a key reference text for R&D managers in industry interested in the development of water/waste treatment technologies as well as academic researchers and postgraduate students working in the wider area of the strategic treatment, separation and purification processes.

The convertors would spew it out,"" employee Arturo Hernandez recalled, referring to molten metal. ""You'd see the ground, the dirt, catch on fire. . . . If you slip, you'd be like a little pat of butter, melting away."" Hernandez was describing work at ASARCO El Paso, a smelter and onetime economic powerhouse situated in the city's heart just a few yards north of the Mexican border. For more than a century the smelter produced vast quantities of copper - along with millions of tons of toxins. During six of those years, the smelter also burned highly toxic industrial waste under the guise of processing copper, with dire consequences for worker and community health. Copper Stain is a history of environmental injustice, corporate malfeasance, political treachery, and a community fighting for its life. The book gives voice to nearly one hundred Mexican Americans directly affected by these events. Their frank and often heartrending stories, published here for the first time, evoke the grim reality of laboring under giant machines and lava-spewing furnaces while turning mountains of rock into copper ingots, all in service to an employer largely indifferent to workers' welfare. With horror and humor, anger, courage, and sorrow, the authors and their interviewees reveal how ASARCO subjected its employees and an unsuspecting public to pollution, diseases, and early death - with little in the way of compensation. Elaine Hampton and Cynthia C. Ontiveros weave this eloquent testimony into a cautionary tale of toxic exposure, community activism, and a corporate employer's dubious relationship with ethics - set against the political tug-of-war between industry's demands and government's obligation to protect the health of its people and the environment.

This book focuses specifically on the environmental issues related to the air pollution control and design. It is divided into four parts: (1) Fundamentals of air pollution control, (2) fundamentals of energy utilization, (3) gaseous control and design, and (4) particulate control and design, each consisting of four to six chapters. The topics covered in this book not only introduce the basic concepts of air pollution control and design but also address the fundamentals of energy utilization in the context of good engineering practice and policy instruments. It also features several innovative technologies and integrated methodologies relating to gaseous and particulate matter control and design. To facilitate technology integration and meet the need for comprehensive information on sustainable development, the book discusses a wide range of areas concerning the principles, applications, and assessment of air pollution control and design and thermodynamics, heat transfer, advanced combustion and renewable energy for energy utilization. It also features regulations and policy instruments adopted around the globe as well as several case studies. Presenting the emerging challenges, new concepts, innovative methodologies, and resolving strategies, as well as illustrative and inspiring case studies, it appeals to a wide range of readers, such as researchers, graduate students, engineers, policy makers, and entrepreneurs.

Eco-cities and Green Transport presents a systematic, uniform, and structured way to examine different cities at different scales in order to suggest unique solutions appropriate to each scale. The book examines city infrastructure and the built environment, transport system supply and demand, and transport behavior to offer innovative policy solutions for various transport modes. With end of chapter experiences and lessons summarized, the book provides an in-depth analysis of the advantages and disadvantages for transforming cities and their transport systems to meet residents current and future needs. The increasingly rapid growth of global urbanization requires cities to be built in an ecologically sustainable, energy efficient, and livable way. A critical component in achieving these goals is an urban transportation system that uses natural resources as reasonably as possible. The outcome of a ten-year data collection research effort by the author and his team, the book sheds new insights into these challenges using a thorough investigation of traffic systems in 20 cities from 13 countries throughout Asia, Europe, and the United States.

Rural Electrification poses solutions to the insuperable modern challenge of providing 24/7 electricity for populations, housing and territory located outside towns and cities. The book reviews the historical development of rural energy systems, their status quo, and the role of renewable and fossil fueled solutions in delivering electricity. It addresses core issues of energy source typologies, resource deployment, fundamental challenges and limitations, the burgeoning threat of climate change, and the role of the renewable energy transition. Chapters account for almost all forms of fuel solutions, with a focus on electrification economics, planning, and policy using the most cost-effective fuels and systems available. Novel approaches to address the challenges of rural electrification, including distributed generation systems, new management and ownership models, off-grid systems, and future energy technologies are thoroughly explored. The work concludes with a comparative assessment of different energy supply technologies and scenarios, contrasting the pros and cons of fossil fuels versus renewable energy resources to achieve the goal of comprehensive rural electrification.

This volume considers how Greco-Roman authorities manipulated water on the practical, technological, and political levels. Water was controlled and harnessed with legal oversight and civic infrastructure (e.g., aqueducts). Waterways were 'improved' and made accessible by harbors, canals, and lighthouses. The Mediterranean Sea and Outer Ocean (and numerous rivers) were mastered by navigation for warfare, exploration, settlement, maritime trade, and the exploitation of marine resources (such as fishing). These waterways were also a robust source of propaganda on coins, public monuments, and poetic encomia as governments vied to establish, maintain, or spread their identities and predominance. This first complete study of the ancient scientific and public engagement with water makes a major contribution to classics, geography, hydrology and the history of science alike. In the ancient Mediterranean Basin, water was a powerful tool of human endeavor, employed for industry, trade, hunting and fishing, and as an element in luxurious aesthetic installations (public and private fountains). The relationship was complex and pervasive, touching on every aspect of human life, from mundane acts of collecting water for the household, to private and public issues of comfort and health (latrines, sewers, baths), to the identity of the state writ large.

The Material Basis of Energy Transitions explores the intersection between critical raw material provision and the energy system. Chapters draw on examples and case studies involving energy technologies (e.g., electric power, transport) and raw material provision (e.g., mining, recycling), and consider these in their regional and global contexts. The book critically discusses issues such as the notion of criticality in the context of a circular economy, approaches for estimating the need for raw materials, certification schemes for raw materials, the role of consumers, and the impact of renewable energy development on resource conflicts. Each chapter deals with a specific issue that characterizes the interdependency between critical raw materials and renewable energies by examining case studies from a particular conceptual perspective. The book is a resource for students and researchers from the social sciences, natural sciences, and engineering, as well as interdisciplinary scholars interested in the field of renewable energies, the circular economy, recycling, transport, and mining. The book is also of interest to policymakers in the fields of renewable energy, recycling, and mining, professionals from the energy and resource industries, as well as energy experts and consultants looking for an interdisciplinary assessment of critical materials.

Phytorestoration of Abandoned Mining and Oil Drilling Sites presents case studies and the latest research on the most effective methods to address the large amounts of waste materials released due to mining and oil drilling. In particular, phytoremediation is described as a novel, eco-friendly, cost-effective method for extracting toxic compounds by plants for the restoration of contaminated sites. Plantings on these contaminated areas lead to the removal of toxic substances such as heavy metals and hydrocarbons, improvement in the physicochemical and biological properties of the soil, long-term forest ecosystem rehabilitation, restoration of ecosystem productivity, stability and biological diversity, and reductions in CO2. Utilizing worldwide examples, this book discusses the potential of phytoremediation as an ideal solution for sites contaminated by mining and oil drilling sites.

Energy Services Fundamentals and Financing, first volume of the Energy Services and Management series, provides a global view of energy services schemes and practices. The book discusses the role of energy services within the larger energy landscape and explores key technical aspects of energy systems for power, heating and cooling, including renewable energy systems and combined heat and power. The book analyzes energy efficiency in several electrical devices, such as motors, lighting and vehicles. It then examines actual energy services business models and policy, before presenting a quick reference section that includes key models and calculations.

Imagine a world of innovative, communicative, collaborative and thoughtful problem-solvers. Now imagine a world where needs are met, problems are solved and sustainable decisions are made. Wouldn’t it be fabulous?

The STEM projects series provides opportunities for students to develop Science knowledge and skills, Design and technology skills, Mathematics skills and general capabilities while completing short or long-term projects. It encourages students to follow a consistent design process while completing the projects, including finding out information, planning and designing, creating, evaluating and communicating.

The projects allow students to work in small teams, using effective communication and collaboration skills, to plan, design, create and evaluate a thoughtful and innovative solution to a given task. When satisfied with their solutions, students showcase and discuss their design, explaining how science was used throughout the project.

The STEM projects series contains:

• two introductory cards explaining STEM education; time allocations for using the cards; and tips for planning, differentiating, teaching and assessing STEM projects, as well as classroom management and resource management ideas,
• one card with icons explaining each step of the design process, in child-friendly language,
• one card explaining the Science sub-strand; how the projects can be linked to Design and technology, Digital technology and Mathematics skills; and providing an overview of each project contained within the sub-strand, including the task and the specific materials required,
• six short-term projects and one long-term project for each sub-strand of Australian Curriculum: Science, and
• six copies of each project to allow for small-group use, 28 individual cards per box

Development and Application of Classical Capillary Curve Theory shows readers how to improve chemical flooding recovery procedures in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) using sophisticated numerical modeling techniques for oil displacement that build on, and enhance, the accepted capillary curve in a novel way. The title presents research and technical data that amends the classical capillary curve, giving new impetus to chemical flooding research. By analyzing the capillary number experiment QL, the book models oil and water distribution in the micro-space of the reservoir core. Finally, the book discusses chemical flooding software, reservoir geological modeling, field tests, and a new technique of digital oil displacement testing being developed.

Advances in Construction and Demolition Waste Recycling: Management, Processing and Environmental Assessment is divided over three parts. Part One focuses on the management of construction and demolition waste, including estimation of quantities and the use of BIM and GIS tools. Part Two reviews the processing of recycled aggregates, along with the performance of concrete mixtures using different types of recycled aggregates. Part Three looks at the environmental assessment of non-hazardous waste. This book will be a standard reference for civil engineers, structural engineers, architects and academic researchers working in the field of construction and demolition waste.

Dry Syngas Purification Processes for Coal Gasification Systems illustrates the promising development status of dry syngas purification for various power generation systems based on coal gasification. The core advantages of dry syngas purification, methodologies for impurity measurement, sorbents development, and evaluation of process performance are described in-depth, and from a practical perspective that is based on current research and development. Reviewing key findings from process integration, the book encompasses scale-up strategies from pilot processes to achieve dry syngas processing for new build plants. The book provides researchers and engineers with practical information to realize dry syngas purification processes for each context.

Pollution and ways to combat it have become topics of great concern for researchers. One of the most important dimensions of this global crisis is wastewater, which can often become contaminated with heavy metals such as lead, mercury, and arsenic, which are released from different industrial wastes, mines, and agricultural runoff. Bioremediation of such heavy metals has been extensively studied using different groups of bacteria, fungi, and algae, and has been considered as a safer, eco-friendly, and cost-effective option for mitigation of contaminated wasteland. The toxicity of water impacts all of society, and so it is of great importance that we understand the better, cleaner, and more efficient ways of treating water. Recent Advancements in Bioremediation of Metal Contaminants is a pivotal reference source that explores bioremediation of pollutants from industrial wastes and examines the role of diverse forms of microbes in bioremediation of wastewater. Covering a broad range of topics including microorganism tolerance, phytoremediation, and fungi, the role of different extremophiles and biofilms in bioremediation are also discussed. This book is ideally designed for environmentalists, engineers, policymakers, academicians, researchers, and students in the fields of microbiology, toxicology, environmental chemistry, and soil and water science.

The deterioration of water quality and unavailability of drinkable water are pressing challenges worldwide. The removal of toxic organic and inorganic pollutants from water is vital for a clean environment, as a response to water scarcity. Adsorption-based water technologies are among the most widely used because of their high efficiency and low cost, without relying on a complex infrastructure. In recent years, carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), such as graphene and derivatives, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, nanoporous carbon, fullerenes, graphitic carbon nitride, and nanodiamonds have been extensively exploited as adsorbents due to their extraordinary surface properties, ease of modification, large surface area, controlled structural varieties, high chemical stability, porosity, low density, ease of regeneration, and reusability. This book provides a thorough overview of the state of the art in carbon nanomaterials as they are used for adsorption applications in water purifications, as well as addressing their toxicological challenges. This volume primarily explores the fundamentals of adsorption, its mechanical aspects, synthesis and properties of CNMs, and adsorption performances of CNMs and their nanocomposites with organic and inorganic materials. Structural engineering and activation processes produce materials with enhanced adsorptive properties and separation efficiencies. Furthermore, the formation of CNMs with 2D and 3D macro-and microstructures and high porosities is a potential approach to improve adsorption performances and extend CNM use at the industrial level. The book also addresses important issues regarding these adsorbents that potentially affect future research and industrial applications of carbon-based nanoadsorbents in water security.

Shaping Smart for Better Cities powerfully demonstrates the range of theoretical and practical challenges, opportunities and success factors involved in successfully deploying digital technologies in cities, focusing on the importance of recognizing local context and multi-layered urban relationships in designing successful urban interventions. The first section, 'Rethinking Smart (in) Places' interrogates the smart city from a theoretical vantage point. The second part, 'Shaping Smart Places' examines various case studies critically. Hence the volume offers an intellectual resource that expands on the current literature, but also provides a pedagogical resource to universities as well as a reflective opportunity for practitioners. The cases allow for an examination of the practical implications of smart interventions in space, whilst the theoretical reflections enable expansion of the literature. Students are encouraged to learn from case studies and apply that learning in design. Academics will gain from the learning embedded in the documentation of the case studies in different geographic contexts, while practitioners can apply their learning to the conceptualisation of new forms of technology use.

Smart Cities for Technological and Social Innovation establishes a key theoretical framework to understand the implementation and development of smart cities as innovation drivers, in terms of lasting impacts on productivity, livability and sustainability of specific initiatives. This framework is based on empirical analysis of 12 case studies, including pioneer projects from Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and more. It explores how successful smart cities initiatives nurture both technological and social innovation using a combination of regulatory governance and private agency. Typologies of smart city-making approaches are explored in depth. Integrative analysis identifies key success factors in establishing innovation relating to the effectiveness of social systems, institutional thickness, governance, the role of human capital, and streamlining funding of urban development projects.

Traditional and Novel Adsorbents for Antibiotics Removal from Wastewater describes, in detail, the importance of removing antibiotics from aqueous systems, along with new information on their variation, solubility, toxicology and allowable concentration in groundwater. The book covers adsorption as an applicable method, highlighting its advantages and disadvantages. It investigates various adsorbents ranging from traditional activated carbons, modified forms of clays, metal oxides, polymer resins, and more advanced materials such as graphene-based, MOF, nano-matrices, and composite materials as potential sorbents for the adsorption of antibiotics from aqueous solutions. In addition, the book covers biological microorganisms that have been used to remove antibiotics from wastewater and presents biopolymers, biowaste and living cells potentially and practically suitable for this purpose. For all adsorbents, the book explains preparation methods, main properties, modification techniques to increase antibiotic removal efficiency, mechanisms in antibiotic removal, advantages and limitations. It also presents adsorption-desorption in batch and continuous mode, optimized operating parameters, kinetic and equilibrium adsorption, and regeneration studies.

Imagine a world of innovative, communicative, collaborative and thoughtful problem-solvers. Now imagine a world where needs are met, problems are solved and sustainable decisions are made. Wouldn’t it be fabulous?

The STEM projects series provides opportunities for students to develop Science knowledge and skills, Design and technology skills, Mathematics skills and general capabilities while completing short or long-term projects. It encourages students to follow a consistent design process while completing the projects, including finding out information, planning and designing, creating, evaluating and communicating.

The projects allow students to work in small teams, using effective communication and collaboration skills, to plan, design, create and evaluate a thoughtful and innovative solution to a given task. When satisfied with their solutions, students showcase and discuss their design, explaining how science was used throughout the project.

The STEM projects series contains:

• two introductory cards explaining STEM education; time allocations for using the cards; and tips for planning, differentiating, teaching and assessing STEM projects, as well as classroom management and resource management ideas,
• one card with icons explaining each step of the design process, in child-friendly language,
• one card explaining the Science sub-strand; how the projects can be linked to Design and technology, Digital technology and Mathematics skills; and providing an overview of each project contained within the sub-strand, including the task and the specific materials required,
• six short-term projects and one long-term project for each sub-strand of Australian Curriculum: Science, and
• six copies of each project to allow for small-group use, 28 individual cards per box

Imagine a world of innovative, communicative, collaborative and thoughtful problem-solvers. Now imagine a world where needs are met, problems are solved and sustainable decisions are made. Wouldn’t it be fabulous?

The STEM projects series provides opportunities for students to develop Science knowledge and skills, Design and technology skills, Mathematics skills and general capabilities while completing short or long-term projects. It encourages students to follow a consistent design process while completing the projects, including finding out information, planning and designing, creating, evaluating and communicating.

The projects allow students to work in small teams, using effective communication and collaboration skills, to plan, design, create and evaluate a thoughtful and innovative solution to a given task. When satisfied with their solutions, students showcase and discuss their design, explaining how science was used throughout the project.

The STEM projects series contains:

• two introductory cards explaining STEM education; time allocations for using the cards; and tips for planning, differentiating, teaching and assessing STEM projects, as well as classroom management and resource management ideas,
• one card with icons explaining each step of the design process, in child-friendly language,
• one card explaining the Science sub-strand; how the projects can be linked to Design and technology, Digital technology and Mathematics skills; and providing an overview of each project contained within the sub-strand, including the task and the specific materials required,
• six short-term projects and one long-term project for each sub-strand of Australian Curriculum: Science, and
• six copies of each project to allow for small-group use, 28 individual cards per box

Imagine a world of innovative, communicative, collaborative and thoughtful problem-solvers. Now imagine a world where needs are met, problems are solved and sustainable decisions are made. Wouldn’t it be fabulous?

The STEM projects series provides opportunities for students to develop Science knowledge and skills, Design and technology skills, Mathematics skills and general capabilities while completing short or long-term projects. It encourages students to follow a consistent design process while completing the projects, including finding out information, planning and designing, creating, evaluating and communicating.

The projects allow students to work in small teams, using effective communication and collaboration skills, to plan, design, create and evaluate a thoughtful and innovative solution to a given task. When satisfied with their solutions, students showcase and discuss their design, explaining how science was used throughout the project.

The STEM projects series contains:

• two introductory cards explaining STEM education; time allocations for using the cards; and tips for planning, differentiating, teaching and assessing STEM projects, as well as classroom management and resource management ideas,
• one card with icons explaining each step of the design process, in child-friendly language,
• one card explaining the Science sub-strand; how the projects can be linked to Design and technology, Digital technology and Mathematics skills; and providing an overview of each project contained within the sub-strand, including the task and the specific materials required,
• six short-term projects and one long-term project for each sub-strand of Australian Curriculum: Science, and
• six copies of each project to allow for small-group use, 28 individual cards per box