This contemporary textbook and manual for aspiring or new environmental managers provides the theory and practical examples needed to understand current environmental issues and trends. Each chapter explains the specific skills and concepts needed for today's successful environmental manager, and provides skill development exercises that allow students to relate theory to practice in the profession. Readers will obtain an understanding not only of the field, but also of how professional accountability, evolving science, social equity, and politics affect their work. This foundational textbook provides the scaffolds to allow students to understand the environmental regulatory infrastructure, and how to create partnerships to solve environmental problems ethically and implement successful environmental programs.

Das Buch enthAlt ausgewAhlte BeitrAge von Workshops zur Theorie und Modellierung von A-kosystemen, die von der BTU Cottbus veranstaltet wurden. Schwerpunkte des Buches sind systemtheoretische Grundlagen und dynamische Eigenschaften Akologischer Systeme, Modellierungskonzepte und Anwendungen mathematischer Modelle auf FlieAgewAsser, KlAranlagen und AgroAkosysteme. Insbesondere wird die Verwendung von Informatikwerkzeugen zur LAsung von Umweltaufgaben betont. Dabei spielen neue physikalische und mathematische Sichtweisen zur A-kosystemanalyse und zur Bewertung von Umweltproblemen eine wichtige Rolle.

Ohne die Geowissenschaften wAre die technische Entwicklung der Menschheit nicht dort, wo sie heute steht. In Zukunft wird es darauf ankommen, die Umwelt so schonend wie mAglich zu nutzen, ohne die Lebensgrundlagen Wasser, Boden und Luft zu A1/4bernutzen. Auch zu diesen Problemen leisten Geowissenschaftler grundlegende BeitrAge.
Ausgehend von Aoeberlegungen, wohin sich die zukA1/4nftige Umweltforschung orientieren wird, geben die BeitrAge des Bandes aktuelle EinschAtzungen A1/4ber den momentanen Stand ausgewAhlter Forschungsrichtungen im geowissenschaftlichen Umweltbereich. Dabei geht es aber auch immer um den zukA1/4nftigen Zustand und darum, was die Forschung zur Verbesserung beitragen kann - in der Klimaforschung, in der Bodenforschung, in der Forschung zur Wasserversorgung und zum Umweltzustand, aber auch in der Forschung zur besseren Ausnutzung der irdischen Rohstoffe.

Das vorliegende Buch gibt einen umfassenden UEberblick uber die wesentlichen Methoden und Konzepte von Betrieblichen Umweltinformationssystemen (BUIS) fur ein effizientes Umweltinformationsmanagement. Nach einer Einfuhrung in die Grundlagen des Stoffstrommanagements und des OEkocontrolling werden die Prinzipien von BUIS verschiedener Funktionsbereiche ausfuhrlich dargelegt. Alle wichtigen Arten von BUIS, angefangen von Betriebs-, Produkt- und Lebenswegoekobilanzen uber produktionsnahe Systeme bis hin zu Meta-Informationssystemen werden von den konzeptionellen Grundlagen bis hin zu konkreten Systemimplementierungen systematisch erlautert. Anhand eines kommerziellen BUIS werden die Konzepte dann illustriert. Das Buch schliesst mit kritischen Anmerkungen zur Umweltvertraglichkeit der Informationstechnik und mit einem Ausblick auf zukunftige Entwicklungen von BUIS.

Ecologists and economists both use models to help develop strategies for biodiversity management. The practical use of disciplinary models, however, can be limited because ecological models tend not to address the socioeconomic dimension of biodiversity management, whereas economic models tend to neglect the ecological dimension. Given these shortcomings of disciplinary models, there is a necessity to combine ecological and economic knowledge into ecological-economic models. Gradually guiding the reader into the field of ecological-economic modelling by introducing mathematical models and their role in general, this book provides an overview on ecological and economic modelling approaches relevant for research in the field of biodiversity conservation. It discusses the advantages of and challenges associated with ecological-economic modelling, together with an overview of useful ways of integration. Although being a book about mathematical modelling, ecological and economic concepts play an equally important role, making it accessible for readers from very different disciplinary backgrounds.

Der konkrete Bedarf an spezieller Software zur Unterstutzung der Okobilanzerstellung war der Ausgangspunkt fur die Entwicklung einer Methodik zur Modellierung von Stoff- und Energiestromsystemen und der darauf basierenden Software 'Umberto'. Das vorliegende Anwenderhandbuch bietet einen praxisorientierten Einstieg in die Anwendungsgebiete und Vorteile dieses Okobilanzprogramms.

Die Rahmenbedingungen fur abfallwirtschaftliche Software haben sich in den letzten Jahren verandert. Durch das neue in Nordrhein-Westfalen erlassene Landesabfallgesetz und die darin enthaltenen Pflichten fur die Unternehmen, namlich unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen Abfallbilanzen und Abfallwirtschaftskonzepte vorzulegen, wurden einige Weiter- und Neuentwicklungen im Softwarebereich zur Unterstutzung dieser Aufgaben initiiert. Eine weitere veranderte Rahmenbedingung war der Entwurf des Kreislaufwirtschafts- und Abfallgesetzes, um dessen Verabschiedung im Vermittlungsausschuss hart gerungen wurde. Dieses Gesetz ist inzwischen verabschiedet und wird 1996 in Kraft treten.

Dieser Band enthAlt die BeitrAge des 3. Workshops "Computer in der Chemie" (16.-18. November 1988 in TA1/4bingen). Das Meeting wurde von der Fachgruppe Chemie-Information der GDCh veranstaltet und enthAlt BeitrAge fA1/4r folgende Gebiete: - Chemometrie - MolekA1/4lmodellierung - Syntheseplanung - ProzeAsteuerung - Design und Aufbau von Datenbanken, z.B. in der Toxikologie - Spektrenbibliotheken - Datenerfassung in der Analytik - RAntgenstrukturanalyse - Simulation elektrochemischer Prozesse

Umweltbelastungen kann man aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln beurteilen. Ein wichtiger Gesichtspunkt ist die Toxikologie, d. h. die Frage danach, wie stark die Gesundheit des Menschen belastet wird, so wie es vorzugsweise in der "Umweltforschung" (Heidel berger Taschenbucher, Bd. 194) dargestellt wurde. Ein anderer, weit umfassenderer Gesichtspunkt ist die Okologie, d. h. die Frage nach den Schiidigungen der belebten und unbelebten Umwelt des Menschen, so wie es in diesem Buch beschrieben wird. Dabei wird versucht, an Hand einiger wichtiger, okologischer Probleme der Umweltbelastung den Blick fur Wechselwirkungen von belebter und unbelebter Umwelt des Menschen zu schulen, wobei in die Betrachtungen auch die Bevolkerungsentwicklung des Menschen seiber einbezogen wird. Daneben soll das Buch dazu anregen, Umweltprobleme besser zu erkennen, urn fruher als bisher oft ublich, GegenmaBnahmen einzuleiten. Leider hat die Vergangen heit wiederholt gelehrt, daB emotionsbeladene, nicht immer ganz sachlich gefuhrte, dafur aber spektakuliire Protestaktionen eher Aufmerksamkeit erregten und Anderungen einleiteten, als ein fruhzeitig gegebener, sachlicher Hinweis auf drohende Gefahren. Ais Beispiel sei auf saure Niederschliige und Stick oxide hingewie sen, deren Bedeutung fur Fischzucht, Gesundheit des Menschen und Pflanzen, bes. Nadelholzer in groBen Zugen schon in den siebziger lahren bekannt war (z. B. "Umweltforschung" 1977, Engelhardt, W.: "Umweltschutz" 1973 u. a. ). Es ist deshalb erfor derlich zu lemen, die fur die Entlastung unserer Umwelt verfug bare Zeit viel schiirfer zu kalkulieren, als das in der Vergangenheit ublich war."

Nucleic acids are the fundamental building blocks of life and are found in all living things. In recent years, their functions have been shown to extend beyond the Watson-Crick base pair recognition of complementary strands. Molecules (known as aptamers) consisting of 40-50 nucleotides have been isolated that are able to bind a broad range of molecules with high affinity and specificity. The molecules recognized by aptamers range from small organic molecules to proteins, cells and even intact viral particles. Catalytic DNA molecules called NAzymes (RNAzyme or DNAzyme) have also been shown to exist and, when combined with aptamers, are known as aptazymes. These biomolecules can be used to develop smart and innovative biosensors for environmental analysis. Monitoring of contaminants in the air, water and soil is a key component in understanding and managing risks to human health and ecosystems. This, in conjunction with the time and cost involved in traditional chemical analysis, means there is a growing need for simple, rapid, cost-effective and portable screening methods. Biosensors are compact devices which complement current field screening and monitoring methods. This book demonstrates the incredible opportunities that nucleic acids can offer to environmental analytical chemistry. The chapters: show how nucleic acids have a pivotal role in the development of smart biosensors for environmental monitoring; describe the development of biosensors based on aptamers and NAzymes for the detection of organic and inorganic pollutants; deal with the use of nucleic acid based biosensors for environmental toxicity screening, and detail the use of nanomaterials, as well as miniaturization and lab-on-a-chip technologies, for nucleic acid based biosensing systems.

Master the art of vibration monitoring of induction motors with this unique guide to on-line condition assessment and fault diagnosis, building on the author's fifty years of investigative expertise. It includes: *Robust techniques for diagnosing of a wide range of common faults, including shaft misalignment and/or soft foot, rolling element bearing faults, sleeve bearing faults, magnetic and vibrational issues, resonance in vertical motor drives, and vibration and acoustic noise from inverters. *Detailed technical coverage of thirty real-world industrial case studies, from initial vibration spectrum analysis through to fault diagnosis and final strip-down. *An introduction to real-world vibration spectrum analysis for fault diagnosis, and practical guidelines to reduce bearing failure through effective grease management. This definitive book is essential reading for industrial end-users, engineers, and technicians working in motor design, manufacturing, and condition monitoring. It will also be of interest to researchers and graduate students working on condition monitoring.

Fatty alcohols are mainly used in the production of detergents and surfactants. They are also components of cosmetics, foods and as industrial solvents. The 2008 edition originated from a multi-year review of the occurrence, behaviour and use of fatty alcohols to inform the registration of such chemicals through the REACH process in the EU. This review highlighted areas requiring further research. In this expanded edition, new information regarding products containing fatty alcohol derivatives, the fate of these down-the-drain products in wastewater systems and the use of compound specific stable isotope methods has been published. This work has been amalgamated with a number of aspects relating to the inclusion of these compounds in the EU bio-based economy drive. Significant advances have been made since the first edition. No other book brings together all the disparate information regarding this group of chemicals that are of great interest to environmental scientist (as biomarkers), industry (as surfactants) and to regulators.

Building Environmental Control Systems Illustrated provides students with an easy-to-use and highly visual guide to building environmental control systems. By coupling diagrams, drawings, and pictures with concise text, the book offers readers a digestible and simplified way to learn about cutting-edge technologies, standards, and tools within the discipline. Opening chapters explore thermodynamics, comfort, and climate; heat transfer; sun and shading; and passive heating and passive cooling. In additional chapters, students learn about light and lighting; heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems (HVAC); electricity and electrical systems; water and plumbing systems; and sound and architectural acoustics. Closing chapters address vertical transportation and fire safety/fire protection. Throughout the text, theoretical considerations are accompanied by real-world examples that help students connect key concepts with practice. The text also features end-of-chapter review problems and an appendix that contains the solutions to all of the review problems. Presenting students with an accessible and dynamic approach to the subject matter, Building Environmental Control Systems Illustrated is an ideal resource for courses and programs in architecture.

The polar regions are the 'canary in the coal mine' of climate change: they are likely to be hit the hardest and fastest. This comprehensive textbook provides an accessible introduction to the scientific study of polar environments against a backdrop of climate change and the wider global environment. The book assembles diverse information on polar environmental characteristics in terrestrial and oceanic domains, and describes the ongoing changes in climate, the oceans, and components of the cryosphere. Recent significant changes in the polar region caused by global warming are explored: shrinking Arctic sea ice, thawing permafrost, accelerating loss of mass from glaciers and ice sheets, and rising ocean temperatures. These rapidly changing conditions are discussed in the context of the paleoclimatic history of the polar regions from the Eocene to the Anthropocene. Future projections for these regions during the twenty-first century are discussed. The text is illustrated with many color figures and tables, and includes further reading lists, review questions for each chapter, and a glossary.

Selected papers from the ASCE Workshop on Engineering Methods for Precipitation under a Changing Climate, held in Reston, Virginia, May 30, 2017. Sponsored by the Subcommittee on Hydroclimatology and Engineering Adaptation of the Committee on Adaptation to a Changing Climate of ASCEThis collection contains seven peer-reviewed papers on engineering design for precipitation extremes. Topics include engineering methods for designing for and managing precipitation extremes and floods throughout the life cycle of a building, approaches to uncertainty and how acceptable risk is determined, and interactions with climate scientists on engineering needs for climate information and projections. Also included is a report on the discussions held during the workshop and the conclusions and recommendations that were drawn. This report provides information to practitioners and researchers working to ensure functional infrastructure while adapting to extreme precipitation changes.

Increasing numbers of ecologists and conservation biologists have begun to explore the use of drone technology to obtain accurate and up-to-date data on the distribution and density of species, as well as the threats to their habitats, in their ongoing attempts to conserve and monitor biodiversity. Conservation drones are low-cost, autonomous, and operator-friendly unmanned aerial vehicles that can be used for surveying, mapping, and monitoring both habitat and biodiversity. They are fast becoming a valuable complement to ground-based surveys and satellite imagery for a wide range of ecological and conservation applications. The authors pioneered the use of conservation drones for the purpose of monitoring orangutan populations in Southeast Asia. They subsequently founded ConservationDrones.org to share their knowledge of building and using drones with colleagues in the wider environmental community. This website has proved highly popular and this book aims to further build capacity to use drones and inspire others to adapt emerging technologies for practical conservation.

Ecologists and economists both use models to help develop strategies for biodiversity management. The practical use of disciplinary models, however, can be limited because ecological models tend not to address the socioeconomic dimension of biodiversity management, whereas economic models tend to neglect the ecological dimension. Given these shortcomings of disciplinary models, there is a necessity to combine ecological and economic knowledge into ecological-economic models. Gradually guiding the reader into the field of ecological-economic modelling by introducing mathematical models and their role in general, this book provides an overview on ecological and economic modelling approaches relevant for research in the field of biodiversity conservation. It discusses the advantages of and challenges associated with ecological-economic modelling, together with an overview of useful ways of integration. Although being a book about mathematical modelling, ecological and economic concepts play an equally important role, making it accessible for readers from very different disciplinary backgrounds.

Natural resource managers face a complex decision-making environment characterized by the potential occurrence of rapid and abrupt ecological change. These abrupt changes are poorly accommodated by traditional natural resource planning and decision-making processes. As recognition of threshold processes has increased, contemporary models of ecological systems have been modified to better represent a broader range of ecological system dynamics. Key conceptual advances associated with the ideas of non-linear responses, the existence of multiple ecological stable states and critical thresholds are more likely the rule than the exception in ecological systems. Once an ecological threshold is crossed, the ecosystem in question is not likely to return to its previous state. There are many examples and a general consensus that climatic disruptions will drive now stable systems across ecological thresholds. This book provides professional resource managers with a broad general decision framework that illustrates the utility of including ecological threshold concepts in natural resource management. It gives an entry into the literature in this rapidly evolving concept, with descriptions and discussion of the promising statistical approaches for threshold detection and demonstrations of the utility of the threshold framework via a series of case studies.

Environmental stresses, such as heavy metals, drought, radiation, salts, pesticides, temperature, etc. are major factors collectively called abiotic stresses, which limit agricultural productivity. Abiotic stress factors negatively influence the survival, biomass production, and yield of staple food crops of up to 70%. In recent years, much attention has been given for developing strategies to alleviate the adverse effects of abiotic stresses on crops in order to fulfill the food demand of increasing population. Chemical application and agronomical crop management practices have been used to alleviate abiotic stresses with some success. During the last decade, extensive work has been carried out to understand plant hormone-mediated enhancement in abiotic stress tolerance using physiological, biochemical, genetic, molecular, and genomic approaches for crop breeding and management. This book has complied recent research on plant hormone mediated regulation of abiotic stress tolerance in plants with special emphasis on crops. This book consists of fourteen chapters dealing with recent research made in the direction of plant hormone and abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Chapter One deals with abiotic stress and crop productivity. Chapters Two and Three deal with the role of polyamines, ROS, and melatonin in the regulation of abiotic stresses. Chapter Four extensively elaborates the significance of the multigene family in the improvement of crops under stress conditions. Chapters Five and Six deal with the interaction of plant hormones and their subsequent impact on plant abiotic stress tolerance. Chapter Seven, Eight and Nine comprehensively deal with the role of abscisic acid and gibberellic acid signaling in the regulation of abiotic stress tolerance in crops. Chapters Ten through Thirteen describe the role of brassinosteroids cross talk, interaction and signaling in the regulation of abiotic stress tolerance in crops. Chapter Fourteen deals with the emerging role of oxylipins in the regulation of abiotic stress in crops. Chapter Fifteen deals with the role of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid signaling in the regulation of abiotic stress tolerance. This book has gathered recent information of plant hormone research and abiotic stress tolerance in crops. We hope that this book will be very useful for graduate and post graduate students and researchers.

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) and hypoxia (low-oxygen conditions) in the marine waters and freshwaters of the United States negatively impact resources across thousands of miles of the Nations coastal and inland waters. Their prevalence and duration encompass scientifically complex and economically damaging aquatic issues. This book assesses threats posed by HABs and hypoxia and provides a comprehensive research plan and action strategy outlining Federal agencies roles and responsibilities for evaluating and managing them.

This book provides readers with the latest developments in environmental research. Chapter One is an exertion providing up-to date information on mass concentration levels, sources, different types of particles associated with particulate matter (PM) and their effects on human health, climate and natural environment along with controlling methods. Chapter Two evaluates the impact of the foliar applications of seaweed extract (SWE) obtained from Ulva rigida species on salt stress tolerance in wheat plants (Triticum durum L.). Chapter Three addresses polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) origins, uptake dinamics, biotransformation, bioaccumulation and documented impacts over these marine animals, approaching a 'state of knowledge and setting an integrated basis for future tiered studies to estimate the actual human exposure risk through seafood consumption and giving support for future conservational measures. Chapter Four uses the Delphi method, analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy logic theory to establish a system of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) to illustrate the influence of community resident participation on the effectiveness of sustainable green community development. Chapter Five reviews an empirical analysis on the factors influencing energy efficient residential renovations in Taiwan by using the Delphi method, analytical hierarchy process, and utility theory. Chapter Six focuses on dental caries, enamel hypoplasia and dental wear, which were observed in the populations of the Syrian lower Euphrates valley representing six cultures dated from the Early Bronze Age to the modern Islamic period. Chapter Seven discusses perfluoroalkylation of organic compounds by photoredox catalysis with organic dyes.

This series covers leading-edge research focusing on the environment, including current research data on sustainable agricultural development and the environment: new perspectives and policy proposals; impacts assessment of success stories in natural resources management in Togo; cultural predictors of perceived environmental responsibility and sustainable behavior; degraded karst relief; erosion dynamics in lateritic santiniketan badland, west Bengal, India; study of oil recovery in naturally fractured reservoirs considering impact of parameters included in performance of spontaneous imbibition mechanism; prevalence of vibrio parahaemolyticus in Chile and potential use of antagonistic bacterial strains for its control in aquaculture; the environmental perception amongst the inhabitants of Taperoa, an urban area in the state of Paraiba; ecosystem's role in empowering communities to face global environmental change: community-based ecological mangrove restoration in Thailand; bowalisation; and evaluation of comfort in indoor spaces.

This series covers leading-edge research focusing on the environment, including current research data on the impact of forest canopy structure on simulations of atmosphere-biosphere NOX exchange; numerical simulation of CO2 sequestration in saline aquifer influenced by heterogeneous capillary pressure and wettability; the estimation of riverine nutrient fluxes from an urban watershed in New Jersey; a field survey on the Iberian Peninsula; pollution characteristics and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in river sediments based on calculation of pollution indices; rainfall patterns and the relation to atmospheric circulation in Northern Patagonia; a case study of a dry deciduous forest in Kratie, Cambodia; a case study on wastewater management in Nepal; methane interactions with an atmospheric moisture; anthanides and actinides in soils of Khibiny-Lovozero Province; safer irrigation technology adoption under uncertainty perception in Ghana; and nano biomaterial for decontamination of carcinogenic metal from waste water.