This textbook takes on a systematic approach to elaborating on the different subjects within corporate finance. The chapters bring together existing concepts with examples and stories that allow students to easily understand and apply financial tools. In doing so, the book strives to clarify misconceptions in the literature on topics related to firm’s ownership and control, problems of the Modigliani-Miller first and second propositions, relationship between options and corporate finance, behavioral finance versus corporate finance, etc.   The book takes into consideration the growing importance of the Asian economy and financial markets in recent years, and constructs the P-index to measure and compare the risk structures of US and China’s stocks and stock indexes.   This book is a primary text written for the introductory courses in corporate finance at the M.B.A. level and for the intermediate courses in undergraduate programs, but can also be of great use to Ph.D. students as well as professionals.

A robust and efficient tax administration in a modern tax system requires effective tax policies and legislation. Policy frameworks should cover all aspects of tax administration and include the essential processes of capturing, processing, analyzing, and responding to information provided by taxpayers and others concerning taxpayers' affairs. By far the greatest challenges facing tax administrations in all countries are those posed by the continuing developments in the digital economy. Whereas societies are grappling to come to terms with the transitions from the third industrial or digital revolutions, revenue authorities grapple with the consequences for the sustainability of their tax bases and the efficient administration and collection of taxes. This book presents a critical review of the status of tax systems in Asia and the Pacific in the era of the digital economy. The book suggests how countries can maximize their domestic resource mobilization when confronted by the challenges that digitalization inevitably produces, as well as how they can best harness or take advantage of aspects of digitalization to serve their own needs. The full implications of the COVID-19 crisis are still too uncertain to predict, but it is clear that the crisis will accelerate the trend towards digitalization and also increase pressures on public finances. This, in turn, may shape the preference for, and the nature of, both multilateral and unilateral responses to the tax challenges posed by digitalization and the need to address them. This book will be a timely reference for those researching on taxation in digital economy and for policy makers. The Open Access version of this book, available at www .taylorfrancis .com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

This book presents an empirical analysis on how the new lease accounting model of IFRS 16 affects financial statements and performance of Italian companies. It discusses the theoretical framework of the off-balance sheet financing with a particular focus on the off-balance sheet lease contracts. Previous research provided controversial results about the potential impacts on the companies' financial statement and performance deriving from leases capitalization. The application of different methodological approaches based on estimation of the expected effects resulted in inconclusive results. This book aims to measure the real impacts deriving from the post-implementation of the new lease accounting standard (IFRS 16) on companies' financial statements, economic and financial performance, on market reactions and on financial statement' users.

In 2014, the U. S. government adopted a new quarterly statistic called gross output (GO), the most significance advance in national income accounting since gross domestic product (GDP) was developed in the 1940s. The announcement came as a triumph for Mark Skousen, who advocated GO nearly 25 years ago as an essential macroeconomic tool and a better way to measure the economy and the business cycle. Now it has become an official statistic issued quarterly by the Bureau of Economic Analysis at the U. S. Department of Commerce. In this new revised edition of Structure of Production, Skousen shows why GO is a more accurate and comprehensive measure of the economy because it includes business-to-business transactions that move the supply chain along to final use. (GDP measures the value of finished goods and services only, and omits B-to-B activity.) GO is an attempt to measure spending at all stages of production. Using GO, Skousen demonstrates that the supply-side of the business spending is far more important than consumer spending, is more consistent with economic growth theory, and a better measure of the business cycle.

The perspective of this book is to present "ethics" as a conversation about how we decide what is good or bad, right or wrong. It is a collection of conversations employed by educators to assist accounting students in developing their understanding of accounting's ethical aspects and to help them develop into critical thinkers who consider the ethical complexities of the function of accounting in human society. Because we are social beings, ethics is a central human concern, since it involves determining the ethicality of human actions and their effect on other individuals, as well as determining the collective societal acceptance or rejection of an action. Thus, the book's primary goal is to call attention to the intersectionality of accounting and ethics and to encourage students and researchers to consider the ethical implications of accounting decisions. The book contains a diversity of perspectives within which discussions of accountants' and accounting's ethical responsibilities may occur. The contributing authors were deliberately chosen for their diverse perspectives on whence moral guidance for accounting may come. Each chapter stands on its own and represents the thinking of its authors. The book is not a primer on correct behavior for accountants but a place where educators may spur the conversation along.

Although mathematicians have known about complex numbers as solutions to equations since the seventeenth century, the numbers had few applications until the twentieth century. Today, their applications include mobile phones, satellite navigation, imaging techniques (MRI, PET), and circuit design in computers. Until recently, however, there were few applications of complex numbers to finance. This situation has changed.Multiple Interest Rate Analysis is the study of all interest rates solving the time value of money equation - not only the orthodox rates of conventional economics, but also the unorthodox rates that are complex-valued. The unorthodox rates are employed to convert conventional financial equations containing a single interest rate into 'dual' expressions containing every rate. These dual expressions solve long-standing puzzles and lead to revised conclusions about best practice and sound policy advice in various areas of financial economics, including loan finance, investment appraisal, bond risk management, and capital theory.

This special edition of Contemporary Studies in Economic and Financial Analysis offers twenty-three chapters by invited participants in the International Applied Social Science Congress. In these chapters chronical a wide variety of important issues such as: Volatility spillover between conventional stock index and participation index; The Interplay Between Experience, Satisfaction and Positive Word of Mouth: A Study on City Marketing in Afyonkarahisar and more. This international and wide-ranging exploration on different economic systems provides a comprehensive account which brings a wide range of countries to the forefront in terms of both comparability and accountability, this study shines a light on the differences in systems between states, and provides timely and accurate information to equip readers to minimize those differences.

Demonstrating high quality theoretical and empirical findings in the areas of Islamic finance, banking, entrepreneurship, insurance, capital market, Islamic leadership, and Halal marketing, this new work includes topics on consumer perception, services orientation, new product development, risk management, industry readiness for better customer satisfaction, and policy issues coupling strategy and best practices. Of interest to both academics and practitioners who assist in making Shariah-centric strategies, this work is particularly important as Asia holds a major percentage of Islamic assets in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East, with new opportunities opening in Central Asia.

This book is the first comprehensive methodological guide for accounting researchers on Interventionist Research (IVR). It provides all the fundamental components needed for understanding what IVR is, and how to plan, design, and conduct legitimate intervention studies, which can endure the scrutiny of institutions and peer review. This text systematically opens the 'black box' of an alternative research paradigm seeking to contribute simultaneously to theory and practice, through direct and collaborative engagement with organisations, practitioners, managers and professionals. It mobilises the production of innovative and theoretically grounded research for academe, and of practical relevance or usefulness and interest to the field of practice. Interventionist Research in Accounting: A Methodological Approach unpacks current thinking on IVR to forge a confident path ahead for IVR through adopting a forward-thinking approach. This book recognises the remedial potential of IVR to address the research-practice-relevance gap in accounting research and deliberates the challenges of IVR in accounting. It addresses the design, development, and implementation of interventions, critical to solving real-world problems as well as guiding readers in planning the IVR project including budgetary and ethical aspects, utilising suitable research methods and data collection techniques, and establishing validity and reliability. Further, it offers guidance on selecting and managing the research team and recruiting, accessing, and retaining intervention participants; these two components are crucial to creating collaborative relationships required for effective intervention. This book is a guide serving as a valuable resource for accounting researchers conducting intervention studies, for doctoral and other research students undertaking accounting research, and academics working in universities and business schools or teaching courses in accounting and research methodology.

Accounting for History uses the accounting interpretation of Marx's theories of history and value to explain and defend his prediction of the inevitability of socialism as the end of history. In addition to the technological and institutional development of advanced capitalism, Bryer argues that the key necessary conditions, are that workers see through capitalist ideology, understanding that Marx's theory of value explains why the phenomenal forms appearing in capitalist accounts are distortions of the underlying social reality, and that demystified accounting is integral to his concept of socialism on Day One. To get to Day One, the book concludes, Marx left Marxists the tasks of critical accounting.

This book analyzes the impact of COVID-19 on corporations in Malaysia, discussing the challenges and the corporations' responses to them. The relevant provisions in the Companies Act 2016 are examined, and where necessary, reforms are proposed in light of the new business environment brought on as a result of the pandemic. The book also discusses the interim measures initiated by the various regulators in order to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 and analyzes the adequacy of such measures by drawing analogous positions from countries such as the UK, Australia, and Singapore. This book is a helpful guide for practitioners to manage the impact of COVID-19 on corporations and the Companies Act 2016. The book is a reference point for regulators and policy makers in crafting policies to combat the impact of COVID-19.

Accountancy encompasses much more than is normally considered, especially from a social responsibility point of view. This book brings fresh ideas and an innovative approach to accountancy theory and practice as well as critical views about professional thinking in accountancy. The reader will find advanced approaches regarding usiness objectives with social responsibility principles. A new role of accountancy is founded for a sustainable society. The responsibility of individuals is emphasized through behavioural analysis. The book has an interdisciplinary character and will be interesting for students, doctoral students, academics and practitioners as well. The real thread of the book is the risk and responses to the feelings of risk in organizations and also of individuals. On this basis a new role and a new structure of accountancy is offered.

What are the criteria used by Financial Action Task Force (FATF) and the European Union to blacklist jurisdictions at high-risk of money laundering? What are the countries at highest risk according to Panama Papers and FinCEN files? Where do criminals move their illicit money, according to judicial and investigative evidence? This book answers these questions. It is an unprecedented study on the countries at highest risk of attracting money laundering and organised crime proceeds - and how they are identified as such by scholars, policy-makers and anti-money laundering (AML) practitioners. It targets an issue which is central to the policy debate, in the media, but is under-studied. This book is divided into two parts. Part I discusses the concept of money laundering risk, its main determinants, and carries out a review of extant country ratings, ranging from official blacklists and grey lists, to media leaks and scholarly papers. Part II discusses the weaknesses and the myths behind the current ratings and proposes a new approach to assess the risk of money laundering across countries. With a critical research perspective, empirically driven, this book aims to satisfy both scholars and students - in particular from criminology, economics, and international relations - and practitioners from banks, professional firms, and AML authorities.

This book investigates the going-concern principle in the non-financial disclosure by companies in the international scenario proposing concepts and challenges to come. Following the main accounting literature, requirements and regulations, this book proposes the current state of the art in the non-financial disclosure, collecting main mandatory and voluntary frameworks and standards (e.g. European Directive 2014/95/UE on non-financial information, Global Reporting Initiative, International Integrated Reporting Council, Sustainability Accounting Standards Board, Climate Disclosure Standard Board, Carbon Disclosure Project, AA1000). This is a useful proposition for the investigation of the presence versus absence of the going concern in the sustainability and non-financial reports and disclosure by companies. Through a qualitative methodology, this book is intended to show the incidence of the going-concern in the non-financial disclosure and to what content and meaning it is refereed. Several issues and characteristics of information provided to stakeholders are drafted.

Within an environment made difficult by the continuing economic crisis, the Italian model for crisis management and resolution has helped to avoid many difficulties faced by intermediaries across the globe. However, the Italian model for crisis management will be forced to adapt to the new EU Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive, which introduces a unified regime for such events in all EU countries. This book explores the various methods for crisis management employed in Italian finance. The authors discuss procedures used in the banking and insurance sectors, such as deposit guarantee schemes and alternative dispute resolution systems. They also explore the evolution of the administrative sanctioning systems, and the roles of tax rules and credit rating agencies in Italian finance. This book analyses the evolution of the various crisis management processes, and discusses potential goals and improvements within the context of recent measures suggested by the European Commission.

This book examines current topics and trends in strategic auditing, accounting and finance in digital transformation both from a theoretical and practical perspective. It covers areas such as internal control, corporate governance, enterprise risk management, sustainability and competition. The contributors of this volume emphasize how strategic approaches in this area help companies in achieving targets. The contributions illustrate how by providing good governance, reliable financial reporting, and accountability, businesses can win a competitive advantage. It further discusses how new technological developments like artificial intelligence (AI), cybersystems, network technologies, financial mobility and smart applications, will shape the future of accounting and auditing for firms.

The book offers an overview of credit risk modeling and management. A three-step approach is adopted with the contents, after introducing the essential concepts of both mathematics and finance.Initially the focus is on the modeling of credit risk parameters mainly at the level of individual debtor and transaction, after which the book delves into counterparty credit risk, thus providing the link between credit and market risks. The second part is aimed at the portfolio level when multiple loans are pooled and default correlation becomes an important factor to consider and model. In this respect, the book explains how copulas help in modeling. The final stage is the macro perspective when the combination of credit risks related to financial institutions produces systemic risk and affects overall financial stability.The entire approach is two-dimensional as well. First, all modeling steps have replicable programming codes both in R and Matlab. In this way, the reader can experience the impact of changing the default probabilities of a given borrower or the weights of a sector. Second, at each stage, the book discusses the regulatory environment. This is because, at times, regulation can have stricter constraints than the outcome of internal models. In summary, the book guides the reader in modeling and managing credit risk by providing both the theoretical framework and the empirical tools necessary for a modern finance professional. In this sense, the book is aimed at a wide audience in all fields of study: from quants who want to engage in finance to economists who want to learn about coding and modern financial engineering.

This book examines tax transparency as part of multinational enterprises' corporate social responsibility (CSR). It considers revelations like the Panama and Paradise Papers that shed light on corporations' tax practices and the growing public dissatisfaction, resulting in legislative projects, such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) base erosion and profit shifting. Tax transparency is defined as companies' voluntary disclosure of numerical tax data (e.g. taxes paid by country) and other tax-related information (e.g. tax policies). It is set apart from tax avoidance and tax evasion to clarify the often-blurred concepts. In this book, tax transparency is placed in a historical context and possible drivers and hindering factors to tax transparency are investigated. Tax transparency is discussed in the light of socio-economic theories (stakeholder, legitimacy, institutional theory and reputation risk management), as well as economic theories (agency theory, signalling, proprietary costs) and information overload theory. The book provides examples of tax transparency development of the largest multinational enterprises in five countries (France, Germany, UK, Finland and USA) in six years, 2012-2017, a period featuring increased media coverage of tax matters and legislative movement in the OECD and the European Union. The future of tax transparency is discussed in light of quality characteristics, assurance of information and potential use of artificial intelligence. Companies' managers and tax and CSR specialists benefit from the book by gaining insight into how to design transparent, high-quality tax reporting. Assurance professionals can use information about the quality criteria of tax transparency. Regulators can track historical development and see examples of voluntary tax transparency in companies' reporting. Scholars and students obtain theoretical framework for analysing the tax transparency phenomenon and the ability to distinguish between the concepts of tax transparency, planning, avoidance and evasion.

Italian banks and financial intermediaries are subject to extensive regulation which has evolved throughout the country's history. There has also been much change to the country's financial regulation in recent years in response to the globalization of markets and intermediaries. The Italian administrative and regulatory system is often perceived as a major obstacle to economic productivity, and some causes of this ineffectiveness are deeply rooted and date back to the Italian unification and juridical culture. This book provides an overview of the Italian regulation of banking and financial activities, and tracks the evolution of its 'economic Constitution' and market trends. It explores a range of topics within Italian regulation, including the regulation of banking activities, investment services and collective portfolio management. It examines in detail the relationship between intermediaries and customers, public offerings of financial instruments and products, public takeover bids, listed companies, insurance and reinsurance business. Among other current topics the authors discuss the link between investor protection and confidence in the financial markets; and assess the financial markets as a source of financing for companies.

This book discusses the role of business models in corporate reporting. It illustrates the evolution of non-financial reporting, the importance of business model reporting, and the main conceptualisations of business models. It also offers a methodological contribution to the assessment of business model reporting. Finally, it discusses the main implication of business model reporting for different categories of subjects and some challenges related to this kind of disclosure. Readers will understand the role of business models in the non-financial reporting landscape. They will also gain an understanding of how business models can help users of the annual report contextualise other non-financial items disclosed. However, effective business model reporting implies paying attention to certain features that define its quality. This theme is discussed in the empirical part of the book and in the section devoted to implications for preparers, users, and regulators. As large companies in the EU and the UK have to disclose the business model in the annual report, this book will be of interest to preparers and users of financial statements, regulators involved in the ongoing non-financial regulatory process, and professional bodies. It will also be of interest to academics interested in the investigation of non-financial reporting.

While accounting and audit functions are significantly regulated and standardized in conventional financial industries and activities, through the implementation of International Accounting Standards, and International Financial Reporting Standards, as well as other international, regional, and local regulations, this is not the case for Islamic financial organizations. Rather than having their own set of comprehensive accounting or auditing standards or policies, these are based, in some cases, on the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAIOFI), the Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB)'s standards and Shari'ah based local policies. This book is a timely and comprehensive overview of accounting and auditing standards within the doctrine of Shari'ah. It offers a significant contribution to the field and a wealth of technical know-how. It analyzes Islamic accounting and auditing both in theory and practice and from a distinctly international perspective. The chapters are arranged in a systematic and logical way making it easily accessible and engaging. The book evaluates the existing standards and widens the scope of the discourse to include Maqasid al-Shari'ah, Islamic accounting and audit models and standards, as well as, offering practical policy recommendations. The author presents a Shari'ah justified solution to Islamic Accounting and Audit and offers guidance on overcoming the challenges to implementing Islamic Accounting and Auditing Standards. The book is a unique and exhaustive guide and, as such, will be an invaluable resource for academics, researchers, students, policymakers, as well as, practitioners in accounting and auditing firms and financial institutions.

Manufacturing firms are moving beyond manufacturing to offer services and solutions, often delivered through their products, or at least in association with them. This strategy is called "servitization" and these new business models are based on the Product-Service-System (PSS). This book, through both a theoretical and an empirical approach, intends to present and discuss the main challenges that companies interested in servitization strategies have to overcome, with a particular focus on the design of managerial control systems. This book can represent a useful tool for whose companies interested in the development of successful servitization strategies and for scholars involved in research on innovative business models. In particular, it may be of interest for top management and middle management in charge of strategic and organizational issues, as well organizational units, such as: supply chain, logistics, production, after sales and service, R&D, strategic planning and managerial control. Consultants and practitioners involved in strategy, organization, manufacturing, operations, supply chain and managerial control may be interested too.

This book explains how and why corporations use the internet for reporting to their stakeholders. While many such books are limited to financial reporting, this book extends to business reporting, environmental, social and governance (ESG) reporting and integrated reporting. A key part of it is the impact of the major drivers entering into modern reporting, including the movement to data driven decision making, impact of big data, advanced analytics, and the use of electronic representations of data with tools such as XBRL. It also explores the various vehicles for using the internet, including social media and blogs as well as corporate websites and the websites of regulators. And it delves into the impact of portable devices, like smart phones and tablets. Corporate reporting on the internet is changing fast because of changes in technology and in stakeholder expectations. For example, stakeholders now expect a lot more from companies than they did a few years ago in disclosing the effects of the company on the environment and the effects of the environment on the company. The book describes the evolution of corporate reporting in recent years, the state of the art now and provides a roadmap for companies to follow in the near future - a roadmap they should be starting on now. So this book is of interest to executives in charge of the reporting function for their companies, to students of accounting and management who aspire to corporate reporting responsibilities and to serious investors and others with a strong interest in corporate reporting and the direction in which it is headed. Most importantly, the book lays out a strong case for integrated reporting, what it means, attempts at integrated reporting so far, and the future of integrated websites. It also shows how reporting on the internet is ideally suited to fostering the growth of integrated reporting.

The author contextualized the phenomenon of accounting fraud using a framework he developed called "Corporate Governance Cosmos." The book contains an extensive literature review including an evaluation of the seminal theory in this area, namely, the Fraud Triangle. There is a comprehensive exploration of the motivations for accounting fraud and a growing realization that Dark Triad (psychopathy, narcissism, and machiavellianism) tendencies may explain why executives engage in accounting fraud. The author expands an established framework entitled Cooks Recipes Incentives Monitoring End results (C R I M E) by Rezaee (2005), to ''C R I M E L'', where L is the "Learning" from 33 international case studies of accounting fraud. Accountants, auditors, antifraud practitioners, and graduate students will find the case studies of accounting fraud particularly useful as it makes the phenomenon tangible and more understandable. The penultimate chapter is a study of the likely impact of financial technology on accounting fraud. The author concludes by marshalling various insights including a brief discussion of ethics, forwarding his International Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (IFAC) ''Ethical Triangle'', his vision for the future accountant, which he refers to as ''accounting engineers'', and an ancient prescription for the curse of accounting fraud.

European venture capital (VC) funds have historically underperformed their US counterparts. This has resulted in reduced investment into European VC by the traditional institutional investors. This book investigates the factors that give rise to the performance difference. It is based on the author's research at the Adam Smith Business School, University of Glasgow which involved a qualitative study of some 64 VC firms in the UK, continental Europe and the US, supplemented by 40 interviews with other stakeholders, including limited partner investors, corporate venturers, entrepreneurs and advisors. Readers will gain an in-depth understanding of the various structural, operational and wider environmental factors that impact on the performance difference between UK/European and US VC funds. The study is unique in that it provides, for the first time, a holistic and extensive analysis of the entire investment process from sourcing deals to exiting deals specifically contrasting Europe and the US in terms of the variables pertaining to the investment process and the impact on the fund performance. Factors impacting on the performance differential are structural, resulting from characteristics of the funds themselves, operational such as the investment practices of the VC firms which manage the funds and environmental such as culture and attitude to risk and the wider ecosystem in which the funds operate. These factors are set out clearly for the reader. The characteristics of the better performing funds in Europe and the US are also investigated. The book is aimed at academics who are researching venture capital fund performance and investment practices and also at practitioners, advisors and policymakers who want to learn about best VC investment practices. Whilst the book is focused on European and US VC investing, the best practices are also pertinent for VC firms and funds setting up in other geographies, particularly in emerging markets. To this end, best practice guidelines based on the research are included.