Many commentators, regulatory agencies and politicians have blamed the risky behaviour of both financial institutions and their actors for the collapse of the United States sub-prime mortgage market which in turn precipitated the global 'Credit Crunch'. This edited volume explores how financial crime played a significant role in the global economic crisis. The volume features contributions from internationally renowned academic and practitioner experts in the field who pinpoint some of the most important facets of financial crime which have emerged over recent years. Key subjects include: the possibility of criminalising reckless risk-taking on the financial markets; the duty of banks to prevent money-laundering and corruption; the growth of the Shadow Banking System; and the manipulation of LIBOR by banks. The book illustrates the global nature of financial crime, and highlights the complex relationships between regulatory bodies, law enforcement agencies and private actors in the attempt to limit the harmful effect of white collar crime on the stability of the financial sector. This book will be of great use and interest to scholars, practitioners and students within the field of financial crime, banking and finance law, and international political economy.

Regulation and Deregulation is a revised version of papers presented at the Oxford Law Colloquium held at St John's College, Oxford, in March 1998. The Colloquium, organised by the Norton Rose M5 Group and the Faculty of Law of the University of Oxford, provided a meeting place for discussion between practitioners and academics interested in regulation. This book makes available to a wider audience the fruits of those discussions. Current themes in the debate about how best to regulate are explored, concentrating in particular on the regulation of utilities and of the banking and financial services industry. Regulation and deregulation are of considerable, and increasing, importance in Britain and the wider world. This stimulating book will be welcomed by practising and academic lawyers in the regulations field, especially those concerned with the books particular areas of focus.

Financial regulation can fail when it is needed the most. The dynamics of asset price bubbles weaken financial regulation just as financial markets begin to overheat and the risk of crisis spikes. At the same time, the failure of financial regulations adds further fuel to a bubble. This book examines the interaction of bubbles and financial regulation. It explores the ways in which bubbles lead to the failure of financial regulation by outlining five dynamics, which it collectively labels the "Regulatory Instability Hypothesis." . The book concludes by outlining approaches to make financial regulation more resilient to these dynamics that undermine law.

'Cash is king' - and, presumably, will remain king for a long time to come. This viewpoint is even more relevant since the 2008 international financial crisis. Banks are still hesitant to provide credit lines to companies, whether national or cross-border. High interest rates are charged on debt but hardly any interest is paid on credit amounts. More than ever before, companies need to limit both debit and credit amounts. Pooling cash within a corporate group or among a number of companies enables the best use of the funds available at as little cost as possible, thus strengthening the financial position of the companies involved. Cash pooling is thereby a means of reducing the risk of insolvency during difficult economic times. The first edition of this book, published in 2012, was very well received. Since then, there have been a number of reasons to update the information it contains: new case law, new national legislation and recent EU initiatives. Furthermore, chapters on Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania have been added to the already impressive number of jurisdictions covered. This title, published in association with the International Bar Association, draws together leading practitioners from a wide range of countries, who together provide detailed analysis on the provisions in their jurisdiction for cash pooling and insolvency. Each chapter follows the same template for ease of reference; topics featured include specific legal requirements from various perspectives, the liability of company directors, banking requirements, regulatory requirements and tax. This practical handbook is an essential guide for any insolvency professional, in-house counsel or adviser in banking and finance.

In recent years the field of finance has exploded with innovation. New products, services and techniques abound. The risks of inflation, the volatility of interest rates, the deregulation of financial intermediaries and the unbundling of financial services have combined to present investment managers with challenges and opportunities far greater than in the past. For trustees and managers of pension, trust, endowment, and similar funds, the task of meeting the challenges and exploiting the opportunities is much more difficult. These fiduciaries must measure their investment decisions against constrained interpretations of a legal standard--the prudent man rule--that have caused it to lag far behind changes in investment theory and the marketplace. Drawing on financial history, a major opinion survey of institutional investors, and comprehensive reviews of the law and of the lessons of modern portfolio theory for prudence, this book presents a powerful case that the prudent man rule as elaborated in legal treatises and much of the case law would virtually compel a fiduciary to act imprudently in terms of financial theory and marketplace reality. In proposing a modern paradigm of investment prudence, the book uses illustrations drawn from such traditionally suspect categories of investment fiduciaries as securities lending, real estate, venture capital, options and futures and repurchaser agreements. An unusual examination of the interaction of the worlds of law and finance, this work will be of interest to fiduciaries who are subject to some from of prudent man rule and all others, including judges, lawyers and investment managers, who are called upon to interpret and apply that legal standard.

Controlling Capital examines three pressing issues in financial market regulation: the contested status of public regulation, the emergence of 'culture' as a proposed modality of market governance, and the renewed ascendancy of private regulation. In the years immediately following the outbreak of crisis in financial markets, public regulation seemed almost to be attaining a position of command - the robustness and durability of which is explored here in respect of market conduct, European Union capital markets union, and US and EU competition policies. Subsequently there has been a softening of command and a return to public-private co-regulation, positioned within a narrative on culture. The potential and limits of culture as a regulatory resource are unpacked here in respect of occupational and organisational aspects, stakeholder connivance and wider political embeddedness. Lastly the book looks from both appreciative and critical perspectives at private regulation, through financial market associations, arbitration of disputes and, most controversially, market 'policing' by hedge funds. Bringing together a distinguished group of international experts, this book will be a key text for all those concerned with issues arising at the intersection of financial markets, law, culture and governance.

Financial markets have become acknowledged as a source of crisis, and discussion of them has shifted from economics, through legal and regulatory studies, to politics. Events from 2008 onwards raise important, cross-disciplinary questions: must financial markets drive states into political and existential crisis, must public finances take over private losses, must citizens endure austerity? This book argues that there is an alternative. If the financial system were less 'connected', contagion within the market would be reduced and crises would become more localised and intermittent, less global and pervasive. The question then becomes how to reduce connectedness within financial markets. This book argues that the democratic direction of financial market policies can deliver this. Politicising financial market policies - taking discussion of these issues out of the sphere of the 'technical' and putting it into the same democratically contested space as, for example, health and welfare policies - would encourage differing policies to emerge in different countries. Diversity of regulatory regimes would result in some business models being attracted to some jurisdictions, others to others. The resulting heterogeneity, when viewed from a global perspective, would be a reversal of recent and current tendencies towards one single/global 'level playing field', within which all financial firms and sectors have become closely connected and across which contagion inevitably reigns. No doubt the democratisation of financial market policy would be opposed by big firms - their interests being served by regulatory convergence - and considered macabre by some financial regulators and central bankers, who are coalescing into an elite community. However, everyone else, Nicholas Dorn argues here, would be better off in a financial world characterised by greater diversity.

China's shadow banking has been a top issue in the past few years. Scholars, policymakers, and professionals around the world are seeking deeper insight into the subject, and the authors had unique insight into the sector through their positions high up in the regulatory apparatus. "Regulating China's Shadow Banks" focuses on the regulation of shadow banks in China and provides crucial information to demystify China's shadow banking and associated regulatory challenges. This book defines "shadow banking" in the Chinese context, analyzes the impact of shadow banking on the Chinese economy, includes a full-scale analysis on the current status of Chinese financial regulation, and provides valuable advice on the regulation of China's shadow banks.

This book offers an interdisciplinary overview of the role of law in modern capitalism in the context of financial crisis. In this work, the reader will find a discussion of key issues relevant to the crisis that have occupied the pages of the financial press since 2007 including an assessment of the meltdown of the sub-prime mortgage market, the credit crunch, the European debt crisis and the turmoil in Greece, plus a series of theoretical contributions that are aimed to challenge perceptions of the market-state relationship and the place of law within it. The book includes a methodological defence of the state-market dichotomy, a critique of the tenets of neoclassical economics, and an evaluation of what the financial crisis heralds for the future of the political economy of western democracies. Ioannis Glinavos argues that it is a mistake to associate markets with freedom and states with oppression, and suggests that more choice for consumers can -and does- mean less choice for citizens. The book suggests that a new social contract is needed to ensure the survival of both capitalism and democracy. In contributing a unique, legal perspective to the underlying dynamics of the financial crisis, this book will be valuable to scholars and students of regulation, financial markets and economic development.

Marked by the establishment of ISDA in 1985, derivatives have become an indispensable, integral and deeply embedded part of the international financial markets. The new global regulatory framework instituted following the 2008 financial crisis was accompanied by a series of operational, commercial and documentation changes, which has made the derivatives markets stronger, safer and more resilient. However, a deeper and more robust product and regulatory understanding of the derivatives market is more important than ever. This fourth edition of Practical Derivatives: A Transactional Approach features a number of new chapters analysing the latest trends in the following areas: the rise of derivatives referencing cryptocurrencies and other digital assets, and the emerging regulatory framework on both sides of the Atlantic; the slow but steady move to assets meeting the Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) criteria in the area of derivatives and structured products; the completion of the regulatory framework for cleared and OTC derivatives; the development of non-English/New York law derivatives documentation; and the emergence of new structures in the securities finance world. It also includes updated chapters explaining how derivatives are used in the practical context, how the documentation works and any pitfalls for the unwary. It provides real-life tips for the application and negotiation of transactions referencing: 2021 ISDA Interest Rate Derivatives Definitions; 2014 ISDA Credit Derivatives Definitions; 2002 ISDA Equity Derivatives Definitions; 2005 ISDA Commodity Definitions; Regulatory IM and VM documentation; and The principal repo and stock lending forms of agreement. With contributions from leading law firms, investment firms and academics, this accessible book takes a transactional approach and features coverage of product innovations. Whether you are at a bank, asset manager, pension fund, insurance company or other financial institution; from a company or organisation looking to invest or manage your risk; or involved in providing advisory services to these entities, this title will provide you with practical tools for using derivatives in your business.

Accountants play an increasingly important and diverse role in society today. Traditionally, in the UK, accountants are the first port of call for businessmen seeking any form of professional advice or assistance. They undertake a wide range of functions which stretch far beyond their traditional roles of preparing accounts, financial reporting, auditing, and tax planning. Today, accountants also offer management consultancy, give corporate finance advice, provide company secretarial services, undertake financial management, give personal finance advice, advise on computer software, and act as trustees in bankruptcy, liquidators, administrative receivers, and administrators. This major work provides UK legal practitioners and accountants with clear and practical guidance from non-contentious but vital governance issues, to the complex issues pertaining to professional negligence. The book's 6 checklists and 32 precedents guide the reader through the key topics: partnership creation, cl

This two-volume set brings together a selection of key articles which examine the shadow economy and its relationship with underground activities. The set contains important work on surveys and conceptual considerations, theoretical approaches and policy implications. It further focuses on the empirical results of studies into the shadow economy, and considers tax evasion, tax compliance, tax morale and government institutions. This authoritative publication will be of interest to anyone seeking a comprehensive investigation into the shadow economy.

Provides a systematic assessment of FSB operations, from standard setting to implementation review in order to identify the power wielded by government networks in global financial governance. Develops a novel theory of legislative reluctance as a limit to the power of government networks, showing its strong inferential leverage in comparison with a variety of competing explanations drawn from economics, political science, and law. Engages in the debate on the role of government networks in global governance with a well-founded but controversial argument that questions the role of national parliaments in managing global economic affairs in the public interest. Suggests a novel institutional solution to the effectiveness-legitimacy dilemma that global governance forums face, combining the advantages of functional specialization and electoral accountability.

This fifth volume in the series comprises ten contributions written by an expert team of academics and practitioners. Collectively they analyse and expound many of the contemporary legal issues and debates in the law and practice of marine insurance. The new volume is not to be considered as a "new edition" superseding the earlier volumes. To the contrary, it extends on the previous coverage and contributes to the expanding coverage of the series. It achieves this by introducing new topics for analysis and by noting significant developments in themes considered in earlier volumes, thereby providing a useful tool for keeping abreast of an ever developing body of judicial law. This volume tackles topics such as the impact of the Insurance Act 2015 on remedies and the pre-contractual duty of insurers, as well as a contribution from Professor Wilhelmsen on the state ship arrest as a peril under the Nordic Marine Insurance Plan and London terms. It explores the impact of Brexit on jurisdiction in marine insurance whilst also dedicating time to the comparison of US and English law relating to the duties of brokers, and analyses the "but for" test in marine insurance as well as historical development of the law relating to fraudulent claims. Alongside many other important topics, this book meticulously examines Direct and Third-Party claims against P & I Insurers, Passenger liabilities and class actions, Seaworthiness and the operation of the MIA 1906 s.39 post Insurance Act 2015 and the insuring of autonomous and remote-controlled vessels. This book is essential reading for maritime lawyers, brokers and insurance market practitioners, academics, and companies associated with the marine insurance markets worldwide.

It is often argued that international financial regulation has been substantially strengthened over the past decades through the international harmonization of financial regulation. There are, however, still frequent outbreaks of painful financial crises, including the recent 2008 global financial crisis. This raises doubts about the conventional claims of the strengthening of international financial regulation. This book provides an in-depth political economy study of the adoptions in Japan, Korea and Taiwan of the 1988 Basel Capital Accord, the now so-called Basel I, which has been at the center of international banking regulation over the past three decades, highlighting the domestic politics surrounding it. The book illustrates that, despite banks' formal compliance with the Accord in these countries, their compliance was often cosmetic due to extensive regulatory forbearance that allowed their real capital soundness to weaken. Domestic politics thus ultimately determined national implementations of the Accord. This book provides its novel innovative study of the Accord through scores of interviews with bank regulators and analysis of various primary documents. It suggests that the actual effectiveness of international financial regulation relies ultimately on the domestic politics surrounding it. It implies as well that the past trend of international harmonization of financial regulation may be illusory, to at least some extent, in terms of its actual effectiveness. This book may interest not only political economists but also scholars working on the intersection of law, economics and institutions.

The VAT Carousel Fraud has seriously undermined the financial integrity of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS). This timely book is the first to give an overview of fraud in the carbon market. Written by a former broker, it presents unique material on the carbon fraud mechanics and analyses the missing trader fraud (VAT fraud) on European carbon allowances markets with a focus on financial and organised crime issues. Fraud and Carbon Markets: The Carbon Connection assesses the weaknesses of the Kyoto Protocol and environmental markets, using statistics as a forensic tool on the capital markets. It describes specific cases, the court investigations and various mechanisms. It addresses issues of money laundering and international fraud on capital markets, such as stock manipulation, by exploring the financial mechanisms of the fraud, their impact on the market behaviour and the consequences on their econometric features. Researchers and students in climate change policy, environmental finance, financial law, organised crime, forensic statistics, financial regulation and risk management as well as financial regulators and policy makers will find this book of great interest.

This volume presents a new approach to today's tax controversies, reflecting that debates about taxation often turn on the differing worldviews of the debate participants. For instance, a central tension in academic tax literature - which is filtering into everyday discussions of tax law - exists between 'mainstream' and 'critical' tax theorists. This tension results from a clash of perspectives: Is taxation primarily a matter of social science or of social justice? Should tax policy debates be grounded in economics or in critical race, feminist, queer, and other outsider perspectives? To capture and interrogate what often seems like a chasm between the different sides of tax debates, this collection comprises a series of pairs of essays. Each pair approaches a single area of controversy from two different perspectives - with one essay usually taking a 'mainstream' perspective and the other a 'critical' perspective. In writing their contributions, the authors read and incorporated reactions to each other's essays and paid specific attention to the influence of perspective on both the area of controversy and their contribution to the debate. With contributions from leading mainstream and critical tax scholars, this volume takes the first step toward bridging the gap between these differing perspectives on tax law and policy.

Scholarly research on taxation is increasingly preoccupied with its global implications. This volume collects the most important and influential recent research on international aspects of taxation. The book offers empirical estimates of the effects of taxation on foreign direct investment, international borrowing, and other forms of tax avoidance. It further focuses on classic studies of tax competition and the latest research on the characteristics of desirable tax policies in open economies. This authoritative collection of articles offers a comprehensive survey of international tax issues, one that is accessible to newcomers to the field but is also of considerable value to seasoned tax professionals.

Since the great financial crisis, many countries across the globe have witnessed the introduction of new recovery and resolution regimes for banks. The Research Handbook on Cross-Border Bank Resolution analyses the strengths and weaknesses of the current regulatory framework for resolving cross-border bank crises and proposes avenues for improvement. This cutting edge Research Handbook includes a broad range of perspectives of the regulatory and economic infrastructure of the banks themselves, third parties, and real life case studies, on both a domestic and, in particular, an international level. Chapters are authored by eminent experts in the field with contributions from the US, EU, Japan and China. With its comprehensive and rounded analysis of cross-border bank resolution, this wide-ranging Research Handbook will be of value to academics and researchers across the globe. The practical issues and policy recommendations included will also be of benefit for policy makers within the banking sector and bankers and lawyers alike.

This book on the history of tax law presents the papers delivered at the third Tax Law History Conference in 2006, organized by the Centre for Tax Law in the Law Faculty at Cambridge University. The papers deal with a range of topics, and though the breadth of topics is broad, it is not devoid of pattern. The majority of the papers deal with themes connected with continental Europe, law and empire, international law, and the problems of progression and the tax system. As a whole, the papers by leading tax scholars from all over the world once again illustrate a wide variety and depth of learning on tax history, and highlight the important issues waiting to be investigated in this rapidly growing field of scholarship.

This unique and detailed Handbook provides a comprehensive source of analysis and research on alternative investment funds in the EU, the US and other leading jurisdictions. Expert contributors offer an unparalleled perspective on the contemporary alternative funds industry, the main areas of regulatory policy concern surrounding its activities, and the role that alternative funds have played in recent financial crises, as well as an account of the rules governing their operation in selected jurisdictions. Providing insight and analysis of the contemporary investment funds industry at a time of crisis and transition, the Research Handbook on Hedge Funds, Private Equity and Alternative Investments will be a valuable tool for scholars, practitioners and policy makers alike. Contributors include: J. Adams, P. Athanassiou, A. Brav, T. Bullman, L. Chincarini, D.K. Das, A. Erskine, F. Goltz, N. Greene, D. Harrison, A. Hankova, M. Jickling, W. Jiang, H. Kim, V. Krepely Pool, M. Lamandini, N. Lang, F.-S. Lhabitant, H. McVea, T. Oatley, L. Phalippou, D. Schroeder, M. Stromqvist, W.K. Winecoff, P. Yeoh

The Chinese insurance market is expanding enormously as risk adversity takes hold in the economy while the role of the State as guarantor of commerce is gradually reduced. In addition, insurance is a heavily regulated field with detailed contract law stipulations. An introduction to regulation and contract law and an understanding of current issues is essential for someone seeking to do business in the Chinese market. Insurance law is also a field that translates well from one jurisdiction to another, and academics will be interested in understanding how issues are dealt with in another jurisdiction. The book seeks to present and discuss current topics in Chinese insurance law and regulation to an English-speaking audience knowledgeable of common law insurance law and international insurance business. The combined effect of the papers is to present Chinese insurance law to an audience unfamiliar with Chinese law, in a readable and accessible essay chapter format. Each chapter is written by an expert in the field and goes beyond a basic introduction to provide in depth well-researched information and academic analysis on the topic in question.

This collection of essays provides a rich and contemporary discussion of the principle of pacta sunt servanda. This principle, which requires that valid agreements are to be honoured, is a cornerstone of contract law. Focusing on contributions from Asia, this book shows that, despite its natural and universal appeal, the pacta sunt servanda principle is neither absolute nor immutable. Exceptions to the binding force of contract must be available in limited circumstances to avoid hardship and unfairness. This book offers readers new comparative perspectives on the appropriate balance between contractual certainty and flexibility in an era of social instability. Expert authors, mostly from East and Southeast Asia, explore when their domestic legal systems allow exceptions from the binding force of contracts. Doctrines discussed include impossibility, frustration, change of circumstance, force majeure, illegality as well as rights of withdrawal. Other chapters consider the importance of the pacta principle in international law. The challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic feature strongly in the majority of contributions.