The results of this extremely data-rich study reveal that women attorneys are victimized by less obvious forms of discrimination than their male counterparts. Based on results of surveys conducted by the ABA in 1984 and 1990, this work challenges the notion that legislation outlawing discrimination actually works. Setting controls for a whole host of individual, firm, and locational characteristics, the study determined that although hourly earnings of female lawyers do not differ appreciably from those of male lawyers, the incidence of promotion from associate to partner is greater for men than for otherwise comparable women. Lentz and Laband also found evidence of sexual harassment and other less-tangible aspects of sex discrimination in the legal workplace. This book is essential reading for members of law firms, labor economists, feminist scholars, and human resource professionals.

In the last thirty years, the number of lawyers in the United States and Canada has more than tripled, and today as many women as men are entering legal practice. The sudden, dramatic increase of women in the profession would seem to signify a new era of equality in the legal profession. However, stereotypes about women's abilities to balance responsibilities at work and home hamper their upward mobility in this male-dominated field. Battling sexual discrimination, women in law grapple with long-held assumptions about parenting, inferring that women eventually abandon their careers in order to take care of home and children. A large percentage of women leave the profession dissatisfied and distressed or seek part-time solutions, and those women who do stay in practice often find there is a ceiling on their status and monetary compensation.
Gender in Practice demonstrates and explains how the structure of legal practice has changed in recent decades, often to the disadvantage of women. The issues addressed here, such as conflicts between careers and family, departures from practice, and barriers to women's promotions and earnings are of great importance to members of the profession. Looking at the careers of both men and women and using information culled from two surveys that include nearly two thousand lawyers, this revealing book traces occupational and personal experiences and analyzes these patterns in terms of work and gender. The findings are linked to practical proposals for change, some of which have already found a place in the profession.
A major contribution to discussions of sexual equality in the legal workplace, Gender in Practice offers detailed insights into the current and future status of women in the law. Lawyers, law professors, and anyone concerned with gender inequality and equal rights will find this to be an interesting and informative work.

An in-depth discussion and analysis of corporate misconduct and its complexities. Volume editors and their contributors explore the legal, societal, and business ramifications; offer a wide range of real-world and theoretical examples and the lessons they teach; and provide practical recommendations to management for countering misconduct in their own organizations. The book is also a valuable resource for teachers and students of business ethics, management, and business-government relations.

This text introduces the main features of the Israeli legal culture in its historical perspective. It identifies the basic legal sources, institutions and processes and provides information about the principal branches of the law. The book offers a summary and systematic account of the major customs of the law of Israel. It is addressed to legal practitioners, government officials, administrators, businessmen, students, researchers and scholars interested in an informative orientation and a reliable overview of Israeli law and legal institutions.

This unique study offers a comprehensive analysis of American jurisprudence from its emergence in the later stages of the nineteenth century through to the present day. The author argues that it is a mistake to view American jurisprudence as a collection of movements and schools which have emerged in opposition to each other. By offering a highly original analysis of legal formalism, legal realism, policy science, process jurisprudence, law and economics, and critical legal studies, he demonstrates that American jurisprudence has evolved as a collection of themes which reflects broader American intellectual and cultural concerns.

Death camps are the most enduring image of the Holocaust, but they were only the final expression of a destruction process that began in 1933. In that year the Nazi regime mobilized members of an entire society to destroy their neighbors. Lawmakers, judges, attorneys, and the rest of the legal system played a crucial role in reassuring good Germans that a war on Jews was legitimate. Nazi Justiz emphasizes the prewar years of a robust Western European nation at peace with all countries. Such emphasis demonstrates that a Holocaust can happen in any country sharing the heritage of Western civilization, and warns of the inevitable outcome once ordinary people are targeted in a destruction process. Using original decrees, court decisions, and first-hand recollections of participants, Nazi Justiz documents how the German legal system transformed itself into a criminal organization. We see not only how the legal system shaped everyday life, but how good Germans and the business community benefited from the Holocaust. Germany in the 1930s-before the war-is emphasized. Such emphasis demonstrates that a Holocaust can happen in any country sharing the heritage of Western civilization, and warns of the inevitable outcome once ordinary people are targeted in a process of destruction. No other book has so much information on the Holocaust in peacetime Germany; indeed, the chapters on property confiscation and residential concentration are unique. With a richness of detail evoking an immediacy normally found in novels, Nazi Justiz offers a chilling portrayal of persons filled with so much goodness that they become oblivious to horrors they cause.

The unprecedented rise and fall in silver's price during 1979 and 1980 resulted in charges against the Hunt brothers of Dallas of monopolization and market manipulation, charges which led to a lengthy trial. This book focuses on the economic analysis used at this trial. Drawing upon interviews with the judge, jury, attorneys, and expert witnesses (the author having so served), it investigates the elusive definition of manipulation in sophisticated markets, the difficulties of interpreting statistical evidence, the imprecision in calculating damages, the hidden assumptions behind inferences concerning intent, and the hazards introduced when economic analysis enters complex litigation. The author concludes that these problems induce courtroom procedures to oversimplify the economic analysis and cause the law on market manipulation to be created retroactively. Yet the failure lies, not with the legal institutions, but with the futures exchanges who had not developed in advance the rules to minimize large-scale trading during the unusual price moves.

The Academy of European Law was established by the European University Institute in 1990 and extends the Institute's current programmes into a larger field of interest. It has as its main activity the holding of annual summer courses in the law of the European Community and the protection of human rights in Europe. In addition to general courses, shorter courses are held on subjects of special academic and practical interest in both fields. Finally, special guest lectures on topical issues are given by policy-makers, judges and persons who have held or currently hold the highest position in these fields. The courses are published in the language in which they were delivered (English and French).

Controversial social problems currently facing Americans are addressed in these 12 astute bibliographic essays that synthesize the literature on the issues and outline strategies for locating additional information. A few of the issues covered are media and popular culture; public policy and government; law and the administration of the justice system; poverty, welfare, and unemployment; child care and elder care; hunger and nutrition; homelessness; and children and the changing American family. The essays provide thoughtful examinations of the issues, discuss possible resolutions, and present lists of resources for further study. An essential purchase for college and university libraries, this work is also appropriate for high school libraries and medium to large public libraries. It can be used as a supplementary text for sociology, social work, public policy, family studies, education, and nursing courses that involve the study of contemporary social issues, and as a handbook by practitioners i

Business professionals and business managers are guilty of malpractice when they fail to meet the high standards of conduct and ethics governing their professions or when they engage in conduct that injures others. Freedman explores the nature of malpractice using commonly understood codes of ethics and statements of principles for 17 professions, and then looks at the practices closely in the light of court decisions. He also considers professional malpractice insurance and the right of professionals to determine for themselves whether the gains to be had from settling a malpractice claim outweigh whatever benefits they might achieve from entering into litigation. Not just for attorneys but of special value to their clients as well, Freedman's book guides professionals through the principles of malpractice law, and in a readable, informative way helps protect them against the risk of putting themselves into a position where a malpractice suit might be brought against them.

This volume brings together lawyers, accountants, sociologists and economists to explore some central themes of the legal and organizational accountability of the public corporation. The papers offer the first sustained attempt to transcend the institutionalist and contractarian visions which, during the 1980s, became the mainstream perspectives in corporate analysis.

The Academy of European Law was established by the European University Institute in 1990 and extends the Institute's current programmes into a larger field of interest. It has as its main activity the holding of annual Summer courses in the law of the European Community and the protection of human rights in Europe. In addition to general courses, shorter courses are held on subjects of special academic and practical interest in both fields. Finally, special guest lectures on topical issues are given by policy-makers, judges and persons who have held or currently hold the highest positions in these fields. The courses are published in the language in which they were delivered (English and French).

Subrogation means literally 'substitution'. The word is used in the context of English and Commonwealth law to denote a process by which one party is substituted to the position of another, that he may pursue that other's rights against a third party. This book seeks to rationalize the position of the doctrine of subrogation in the law of restitution. Within a systematic analytical framework, it gives a full account of the developing English and Commonwealth law of subrogation, and a selective use is also made of United States decisions. A number of false assumptions which have entered the case-law are exposed, and the principles upon which subrogation should be awarded are set on a regular basis. Subrogation is a remedy which can be awarded in many different contexts, and this definitive account will be useful not only to restitution lawyers, but also to academics and practitioners concerned with the law of property, family law, and commercial law (in particular, the law of insurance, bills of exchange, and principal and surety). This work provides a careful and thorough examination of the law of subrogation as it operates in English law today and as such it will be of invaluable assistance to all commercial lawyers.

This first comprehensive guide to English-language criminal justice materials on Israel covers over 820 sources written between 1948 and 1993. The books, book chapters, articles, and annual and other professional reports have been written by both Israeli and non-Israeli authors. The topic was defined broadly to serve students, teachers, researchers, and professionals in different disciplines and to review the important literature on a score of topics, such as addiction, corrections and probation, correctional treatment, crime and society, homicide, juvenile delinquency, organized crime, law enforcement, rape and violence, suicide, terrorism, and white collar crime. Keywords with each entry and a detailed author, journal, and subject index make the research easily accessible. This first comprehensive guide to English-language criminal justice materials on Israel covers over 820 sources written between 1948 and 1993. The books, book chapters, articles, and annual and other professional reports have been written by both Israeli and non-Israeli authors. The bibliography also points to important works on criminal justice generally by Israeli authors. The topic was defined broadly to serve students, teachers, researchers, and professionals in different disciplines, and a typology was created for this purpose. The bibliography is organized into 21 topical chapters on a score of topics: addiction, corrections and probation, correctional treatment, crime and society, crime by and among the aged, criminal justice, criminology and deviant behavior, fear of crime, homicide-aggression-violence, juvenile delinquency and juvenile justice, law, law enforcement, organized crime, political deviance and violence, rape and violence, social stress, suicide, terrorism, traffic offenses, victimology, and white collar crime. Keywords with each entry and a detailed author, journal, and subject index make the research easily accessible.

This study traces the history of the law of bills and notes in England from medieval times to the period in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries when bills played a central role in the domestic and international financial system. It challenges the traditional theory that English commercial law developed by incorporation of the concept of negotiability and other rules from an ancient body of customary law known as the law merchant. Rogers shows that the law of bills was developed within the common law system itself, in response to changing economic and business practices. This account draws on economic and business history to explain how bills were actually used and to examine the relationship between the law of bills and economic and social controversies.

A considerable part of EC legislation concerns agricultural law which is not surprising considering the importance attached to agricultural policy by the European Community Members. As a result of its dominant place in EC law agricultural law is currently the most developed form of administrative law in the Community. Besides providing helpful information in the field of agricultural law, this book will be useful to those interested in the development of other fields of Community law which might follow the same path. An issue of continuing interest in the context of agricultural EC regulations is the conflict existing between national and community objectives and between the relevant EC Directives and their practical implementation by the EC Member States.

The Academy of European Law was established by the European University Institute in 1990 and extends the Institute's current programmes into a larger field of interest. It has as its main activity the holding of annual summer courses in the law of the European Community and the protection of human rights in Europe. In addition to general courses, shorter courses are held on subjects of special academic and practical interest in both fields. Finally, special guest lectures on topical issues are given by policy-makers, judges and persons who have held or currently hold the highest position in these fields. The courses are published in the language in which they were delivered (English and French).

The Academy of European Law was established by the European University Institute in 1990 and extends the Institute's current programmes into a larger field of interest. It has as its main activity the holding of annual summer courses in the law of the European Community and the protection of human rights in Europe. In addition to general courses, shorter courses are held on subjects of special academic and practical interest in both fields. Finally, special guest lectures on topical issues are given by policy-makers, judges and persons who have held or currently hold the highest position in these fields. The courses are published in the language in which they were delivered (English and French).

This reissue describes the complete history of Islamic jurisprudence from its origins, through the Medieval period, to modern times. The work demonstrates how, although religious law lies at the heart of Islamic culture, Islamic states have recently modified the law to meet society's changing values. The author considers the problems of such legal reform, referring to a wide variety of substantive legal rules and institutions.

This work on EC law sketches the basic cultures and contents of EC law, its institutional and economic aspects and the role it plays in the EC harmonization process. Besides, the EC Treaty and the EEA Agreement, judgments of the European Court of Justice, legislative enactments of the EC Council of Ministers, administrative decisions of the European Commission and official publications of national and Community institutions form the principal sources of this title. Part One of the book describes the composition, organization and function of the major EC political and juridical institutions. The second section covers the EC regulations and laws pertaining to trade, banking, services and taxation, among others. Part Three details different harmonization mechanisms and foreign relations. Finally, a list of abbreviations containing relevant English, French, German and Swedish terms and institutions is provided.

Many commentators on the contemporary United States believe that current rates of litigation are a sign of decay in the nation's social fabric. Law and Community in Three American Towns explores how ordinary people in three towns located in New England, the Midwest, and the South view the law, courts, litigants, and social order.

Carol J. Greenhouse, Barbara Yngvesson, and David M. Engel analyze attitudes toward law and law users as a way of commentating on major American myths and ongoing changes in American society. They show that residents of "Riverside," Sander County, and Hopewell interpret litigation as a sign of social decline, but they also value law as a symbol of their local way of life. The book focuses on this ambivalence and relates it to the deeply-felt tensions express between community and rights as rival bases of society.

The authors, two anthropologists and a lawyer, each with an understanding of a particular region, were surprised to discover that such different locales produced parallel findings. They undertook a comparative project to find out why ambivalence toward the law and law use should be such a common refrain. The answer, they believe, turns out to be less a matter of local traditions than of the ways that people perceive the patterns of their lives as being vulnerable to external forces of change."

This legal and intellectual history shows how the education of American lawyers between 1779 and 1829 manifested a unique and distinct process of legal thought into the United States. This new American legal thought, based upon ideas imported from the works of European natural law writers, had a significant impact on the creation of a distinctly American legal system and was, and continues to be, instrumental in shaping American society.

Crow Dog's Case is the first social history of American Indians' role in the making of American law. The book sheds new light on Native American struggles for sovereignty and justice in nineteenth century America. This "century of dishonor," a time when American Indians' lands were lost and their tribes reduced to reservations, provoked a wide variety of tribal responses. Some of the more successful responses were in the area of law, forcing the newly independent American legal order to create a unique place for Indian tribes in American law.