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Books > Humanities > History > Australasian & Pacific history > General
As a surgeon and naturalist for the New Zealand Company, Ernst
Dieffenbach (1811-55) travelled widely in the North Island between
1839 and 1841. He was the first European to successfully scale
Mount Egmont (or Taranaki), and he also visited the natural wonders
of the Pink and White Terraces at Lake Rotomahana, which were later
destroyed in a volcanic eruption. First published in 1843, this
two-volume work describes the landscapes, flora and fauna in a
highly readable style. In Volume 1, Dieffenbach recounts his sea
journeys through Cook Strait and Queen Charlotte Sound, along with
his excursions deep into the North Island. There is also a thorough
account of his ambitious climb to the snowy summit of Mount Egmont.
His passages relating to the people he encountered also give an
insight into the lives of the native islanders. This volume
includes illustrations of Lake Taupo, Mount Egmont and Mount
Ruapehu.
In November 1806, the damaged Port-au-Prince arrived at what
Captain Cook had called the Friendly Islands. William Charles
Mariner (1791-1853) was among the few crew members spared by the
native inhabitants. He lived there for four years. Published in
1818, this two-volume second edition offers an important early
insight into Tongan customs and language. As editor John Martin
(1789-1869) explains, the structure of a nation's language is vital
to the consideration of its history. So successful was the first
edition of 1817 - expanded upon here to include 'generally
corroborative, and in a few instances somewhat corrective'
information from another erstwhile inhabitant - that within months
of its publication a French translation appeared; German and
American editions soon followed. Volume 1 comprises Martin's
extensive introduction, the story of the ship's voyage and
destruction, and an account of Mariner's stay on the islands and
the events leading to his departure.
This book explores the dynamics of Anglo-Australian cricketing
relations within the 'British World' in the late nineteenth and
early twentieth centuries. It explores what these interactions can
tell us about broader Anglo-Australian relations during this period
and, in particular, the evolution of an Australian national
identity. Sport was, and is, a key aspect of Australian culture.
Jared van Duinen demonstrates how sport was used to rehearse an
identity that would then emerge in broader cultural and political
terms. Using cricket as a case study, this book contributes to the
ongoing historiographical debate about the nature and evolution of
an Australian national identity.
Originally published during the early part of the twentieth
century, the Cambridge Manuals of Science and Literature were
designed to provide concise introductions to a broad range of
topics. They were written by experts for the general reader and
combined a comprehensive approach to knowledge with an emphasis on
accessibility. New Zealand by Robert Stout and J. Logan Stout was
first published in 1911. The book contains information on New
Zealand's social and political character, together with an account
of its historical development.
Originally published during the early part of the twentieth
century, the Cambridge Manuals of Science and Literature were
designed to provide concise introductions to a broad range of
topics. They were written by experts for the general reader and
combined a comprehensive approach to knowledge with an emphasis on
accessibility. Australia by J. W. Gregory was first published in
1916. The volume presents a discussion of Australia's social and
political character, together with information on botany, geography
and the historical development of the area.
This two-volume work by Captain Phillip Parker King (1791-1856) was
published in 1827, and describes the Royal Navy's 1817-22 surveying
expedition to chart the coastal regions of Australia. King carried
out the surveys in two successive ships, the Mermaid, which was
declared unseaworthy in 1820, and the newly commissioned Bathurst.
He worked on the charts, which were published by the Hydrographic
Office, for two years after his return to England. He was made a
Fellow of the Royal Society, and later undertook a similar
surveying voyage, in which he was accompanied by Captain Fitzroy on
the Beagle, around the coast of South America. The book is derived
from the author's journal, and describes not only the voyages but
also the towns and settlements and the natural history of the
region, often making comparisons with Captain Cook's account.
Volume 1 covers the south, east and north coasts of Australia.
Educated at Sandhurst, Sir George Grey (1812 98) became Governor of
South Australia when he was not yet thirty. Later he served as
Governor of New Zealand and High Commissioner for South Africa, and
in the 1870s he enjoyed a period as Premier of New Zealand.
Although he liked to portray himself as 'good Governor Grey' some
of his contemporaries found him ruthless and manipulative. Like
many other Victorian administrators, he was convinced that the
'savage' natives needed to be 'raised' properly in order to become
more like Europeans. In this 1841 publication, Grey writes about
two expeditions to North West Australia that took place under his
leadership in 1837 9. In Volume 1, he tells of the difficulties
that the expedition encountered while seeking a site for
settlement, including an incident when the spear of a 'coloured
man' wounded him and he shot the 'wretched savage'.
When George William Rusden (1819-1903) was fourteen, his family
emigrated from England to Australia, where he later became a
prominent educationalist and civil servant, responsible for
establishing national schools. In 1883, after retiring to England,
he published histories of Australia and New Zealand, both of them
sympathetic to the indigenous populations. The latter proved
controversial and resulted in a libel case against Rusden, which he
lost. Aureretanga, first published in 1888, was written with the
purpose of exposing British abuses of the Treaty of Waitangi, which
had ceded New Zealand to the Crown in 1840. Drawing on government
documents, official correspondence, court records, petitions and
press reports, Rusden lists the hardships and injustices inflicted
on the Maori, asserting that the actions of the British-led
government 'dishonoured the name of England'. His book provides
intriguing contemporary insights into the harsh realities of even
supposedly enlightened colonialism.
A uniquely collaborative analysis of human adaptation to the
Polynesian islands, told through oral histories, biophysical
evidence, and historical records Humans began to settle the area we
know as Polynesia between 3,000 and 800 years ago, bringing with
them material culture, including plants and animals, and ideas
about societal organization, and then adapting to the specific
biophysical features of the islands they discovered. The authors of
this book analyze the formation of their human-environment systems
using oral histories, biophysical evidence, and historical records,
arguing that the Polynesian islands can serve as useful models for
how human societies in general interact with their environments.
The islands' clearly defined (and relatively isolated)
environments, comparatively recent discovery by humans, and
innovative and dynamic societies allow for insights not available
when studying other cultures. Kamana Beamer, Te Maire Tau, and
Peter Vitousek have collaborated with a dozen other scholars, many
of them Polynesian, to show how these cultures adapted to novel
environments in the past and how we can draw insights for global
sustainability today.
In 1832, aged just seventeen, the future colonial governor Edward
John Eyre (1815-1901) set sail from London for Australia. The
farming life that awaited him laid the foundations of an enduring
interest in the topography, anthropology and zoology of his adopted
homeland. Following an initial expedition in 1839, in 1840 Eyre set
out on his pioneering trek from Adelaide to Western Australia. The
year-long adventure financially ruined the explorer, but won him
the coveted gold medal of the Royal Geographical Society for
discovering Lake Torrens. Published in 1845, this two-volume
account of the expedition made Eyre a household name in Britain and
fuelled popular interest in the former penal colony. Including
eleven engravings, Volume 1 opens with the origins of the
expedition, but quickly leads readers into the darkest moments
experienced en route, including conflicts within the party,
desperate searches for water, and the murder of an overseer.
Thomas Lindsay Buick (1865-1938) became interested in New Zealand
history while working as a political journalist in Wellington, and
became an influential figure in the field. He went on to write
twelve books and numerous pamphlets on the early history of the
country and was elected a fellow of the Royal Historical Society in
1914. In this book Buick recounts the events leading up to the
Treaty of Waitangi, the controversial document signed by British
officials and Maori chiefs which ceded New Zealand to the British
Empire in 1840. Buick claims that the need for a formal handover of
authority to Britain arose from the rowdy misdeeds of sealers,
whalers, and escaped convicts from Australia, who needed to be kept
in check. The work was first published in 1914; the revised edition
reissued here appeared in 1933, and a third edition was published
in 1936.
Thomas Lindsay Buick (1865-1938) became interested in New Zealand
history while working as a political journalist in Wellington, and
became an influential figure in the field. He went on to write
twelve books and numerous pamphlets on the early history of the
country and was elected a fellow of the Royal Historical Society in
1914. First published in Wellington in 1928, this work describes
the history of Akaroa in the South Island, a small settlement on
the Banks Peninsula founded by French settlers in 1840. In the same
year, New Zealand became part of the British Empire, and much of
Buick's account focuses on the interaction and disputes between the
French and British settlers. The book, which was published under
the auspices of the Board of Maori Ethnological Research, also
includes the history of the local Maori tribes.
J. S. Polack (1807-82) lived in New Zealand during 1831-7 and
1842-50. An enterprising businessman and land speculator, he traded
in timber and flax, and in 1835 set up the first brewery in the
country. He also learned the Maori language, and warned against the
destructive effects on Maori society of unorganized European
settlement, while arguing for the benefits of systematic
colonization. This two-volume work, published in 1838, was the
first of two successful books by Polack about his experiences in
New Zealand and is still regarded as an important and impartial
source about the period immediately preceding the Treaty of
Waitangi. Volume 1 outlines the discovery of the islands, their
climate, geology, topography and fauna. It contains vivid
descriptions of the Maori and their customs (including an account
of an energetic haka) and details about family life, social status,
food, tapu prohibitions, dress, and tattooing.
J. S. Polack (1807-82) lived in New Zealand during 1831-7 and
1842-50. An enterprising businessman and land speculator, he traded
in timber and flax, and in 1835 set up the first brewery in the
country. He also learned the Maori language, and warned against the
destructive effects on Maori society of unorganized European
settlement, while arguing for the benefits of systematic
colonization. This two-volume work, published in 1838, was the
first of two successful books by Polack about his experiences in
New Zealand and is still regarded as an important and impartial
source about the period immediately preceding the Treaty of
Waitangi. Volume 2 focuses on Maori material culture and
craftsmanship, traditional beliefs and rituals, and warfare
(including lurid reports of cannibalism), as well as the early
interactions of Maori and Europeans through trade, missions and
whaling.
This little-known story of Australia's M/Z Unit commandos, and the
part they played in the Southwest Pacific during World War II, is a
fascinating account of daring, clandestine operations conducted by
the Allies deep into enemy-held territory. M Unit personnel were
secretly landed to set up coastwatching posts and radio stations to
report on Japanese shipping movements and bombing flights heading
to raid Allied positions. Members of the Z Unit carried out
assigned raids into enemy controlled areas, and also attacked
targets of opportunity. Many commandos were delivered on their
missions by U.S. Navy submarines that sneaked into dangerously
shallow waters to put the men ashore--and then returned to pick
them up. Other operatives were inserted by PT boats, Catalina
aircraft, parachute, and snake boats. Many of these operations are
still classified.
Bushrangers are Australian legends. Ned Kelly, Ben Hall, 'Captain
Thunderbolt' and their bushranging brothers are famous. They're
remembered as folk heroes and celebrated for their bravery and
their ridicule of inept and corrupt authorities. But not all
Australian bushrangers were white men. And not all were seen in
this glowing light in their own time. In Boundary Crossers,
historian Meg Foster reveals the stories of bushrangers who didn't
fit the mould. African-American man Black Douglas, who was seen as
the 'terror' of the Victorian goldfields, Sam Poo, known as
Australia's only Chinese bushranger, Aboriginal man Jimmy Governor,
who was renowned as a mass murderer, and Captain Thunderbolt's
partner, Aboriginal woman Mary Ann Bugg, whose extraordinary
exploits extended well beyond her time as 'the Captain's Lady'. All
lived remarkable lives that were far more significant, rich and
complex than history books have led us to believe.
The prolific writer William Howitt (1792 1879) embarked for
Australia in 1852 and spent two years there travelling and panning
for gold. His experiences resulted in several books that appealed
to the Victorian public's avid interest in Antipodean exploration.
Published in 1865, when New Zealand had only been recognised as a
country for a generation, this two-volume work describes 'scenes of
danger and of wild romance, of heroic daring and devoted deaths,
such as few countries have to show'. It gives a valuable account of
early European exploration and settlement in Australia and New
Zealand as well as insights into European travellers' responses to
this previously unknown continent. Volume 2 begins in the
mid-1840s, and focuses on the 1861 disappearance in Australia of
Burke and Wills, the expeditions searching for them (including one
led by Howitt's son), and visits to New Zealand by explorers
including Charles Heaphy and Julius Haast.
Legends of Maui (1910) is a collection of Hawaiian folktales and
myths anthologized by W. D. Westervelt. Paying homage to the
importance of Maui across Polynesian cultures, Westervelt
introduces his groundbreaking collection of legends on Hawaii's
founding deity. Westervelt's collection connects the origin story
of Hawaii to the traditions of other Polynesian cultures, providing
an invaluable resource for understanding the historical and
geographical scope of Hawaiian culture. Drawing on the work of
David Malo, Samuel Kamakau, and Abraham Fornander, Westervelt,
originally from Ohio, became a leading authority on the Hawaiian
Islands, publishing extensively on their legends, religious
beliefs, and folk tales. With a beautifully designed cover and
professionally designed manuscript, this edition of W. D.
Westervelt's Legends of Maui is a classic of Hawaiian literature
reimagined for modern readers.
First full-length exploration of the role of the Anglican church in
the development of colonial Australia. Anglican clergymen in
Britain's Australian colonies in their earliest years faced very
particular challenges. Lacking relevant training, experience or
pastoral theology, these pioneer religious professionals not only
ministered toa convict population unique in the empire, but had
also to engage with indigenous peoples and a free-settler
population struggling with an often inhospitable environment. This
was in the context of a settler empire that was beingreshaped by
mass migration, rapid expansion and a widespread decline in the
political authority of religion and the confessional state,
especially after the American Revolution. Previous accounts have
caricatured such clerics as lackeys of the imperial authorities:
"moral policemen", "flogging parsons". Yet, while the clergy did
make important contributions to colonial and imperial projects,
this book offers a more wide-ranging picture. It reveals them at
times vigorously asserting their independence in relation both to
their religious duties and to humanitarian concern, and shows them
playing an important part in the new colonies' social and economic
development, making a vital contribution to the emergence of civil
society and intellectual and cultural institutions and traditions
within Australia. It is only possible to understand the distinctive
role that the clergy played in the light of their social origins,
intellectual formation and professional networks in an expanding
British World, a subject explored systematically here for the first
time. Michael Gladwin is Lecturer in History at St Mark's National
Theological Centre, Charles Sturt University, Canberra.
Sir Timothy Coghlan (1855 1926) was the statistician for New South
Wales from 1886. He produced the world's first example of national
financial accounts, and is regarded as Australia's first
'mandarin'. His advice was sought by state and federal governments
on matters as diverse as tax, public sanitation and infant
mortality. In 1905 he took up an appointment as a New South Wales
government agent in London, remaining there for the rest of his
life. First published in 1918, this monumental book is Coghlan's
very personal history of Australia, embracing materials, population
growth, trade and land. In Volume 4 Coghlan discusses in depth the
foundation of the Australian Labor Party, which came after a series
of devastating strikes in the 1890s. The recovery from depression
and crisis, and the growing move towards federation, are also
examined, alongside the recurrent themes of immigration, land and
industry.
The first prominent advocate of Australian republicanism,
Scottish-born John Dunmore Lang (1799-1878) is an important figure
in the history of his adopted country. This two-volume work,
originally published in 1834, presents a series of chapters
illustrating Australia's history and its condition in his own time.
Written during a voyage from New South Wales to Britain in 1833,
the book promotes what Lang deems to be the best interests of the
New South Wales colony, by encouraging the emigration 'of reputable
families and individuals to its territory'. Volume 2 investigates
the distribution and character of the convict population and
stresses the advantages of New South Wales to emigrants, finishing
with an analysis of the practicalities of emigration and settling
in Australia. The reader will be mindful of Lang's aim in writing
the work - to tell the truth 'fully and fearlessly' in order to
secure Australia's general welfare and advancement.
Sir Thomas Livingstone Mitchell (1792 1855) was an acclaimed
surveyor and explorer of Australia. After attending the University
of Edinburgh Mitchell joined the British Army in 1811. He took part
in major battles of the Peninsular War and difficult military
surveys in the Pyrenees. In 1827 he was appointed Deputy Surveyor
of New South Wales, and he became Surveyor General in 1828. This
fascinating two-volume work, first published in 1838, contains
Mitchell's illustrated account of his three expeditions into the
then unexplored interior of modern eastern Victoria and southern
New South Wales between 1831 and 1836, for which he received a
knighthood in 1839. Drawing on Mitchell's personal journals, Volume
1 describes in vivid detail the difficulties and dangers of
exploring the Kindur and Gwydir rivers, and provides valuable
first-hand descriptions of the lives and society of the indigenous
Australians his expedition encountered.
Sir Thomas Livingstone Mitchell (1792 1855) was an acclaimed
surveyor and explorer of Australia. After attending the University
of Edinburgh Mitchell joined the British Army in 1811. He took part
in major battles of the Peninsular War and difficult military
surveys in the Pyrenees. In 1827 he was appointed Deputy Surveyor
of New South Wales, and he became Surveyor General in 1828. This
fascinating two-volume work, first published in 1838, contains
Mitchell's illustrated account of his three expeditions into the
then unexplored interior of modern eastern Victoria and southern
New South Wales between 1831 and 1836, for which he received a
knighthood in 1839. Drawing on Mitchell's personal journals, Volume
2 describes in vivid detail the difficulties and dangers of
exploring the Murray Darling river systems, and provides valuable
first-hand descriptions of the lives and society of the indigenous
Australians his expedition encountered.
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