The Palgrave Handbook of Sexual Ethics is a comprehensive collection of recent research on the ethics of sexual behavior, representing a wide range of perspectives. It addresses a number of traditional subjects in the area, including questions about pre-marital, extra-marital, non-heterosexual, and non-procreative sex, and about the nature and significance of sexual consent, sexual desire, and sexual activity, as well as a variety of more recent topics, including sexual racism, sexual ableism, sex robots, and the #metoo response to sexual harassment. Each chapter defends a substantive thesis about the topic it addresses and the handbook as a whole thereby provides a strong foundation for future research in this important and growing field of inquiry.

The Cambridge Handbook of Policing in the United States provides a comprehensive collection of essays on police and policing, written by leading experts in political theory, sociology, criminology, economics, law, public health, and critical theory. It unveils a range of experiences - from the police chief of a major metropolitan force to ordinary people targeted for policing on the street - and asks important questions about whether and why we need the police, before analyzing the law of policing, police use of force, and police violence, paying particular attention to the issue of discrimination against marginalized and vulnerable communities at the blunt end of police interference. The book also discusses technological innovations and proposals for reform. Written in accessible language, this interdisciplinary work will be a valuable resource for anyone interested in understanding the present and future of policing in the United States.

What is the big deal about cannabis? This book covers everything from botany to the historical uses and common misconceptions of cannabis, with a focus on the political process of prohibition and legalization of cannabis in the United States. Why is marijuana-to which few if any deaths can be attributed-generally banned in the United States, while cigarettes and liquor-which unquestionably kill millions-are currently legal? This question can best be explained through an investigation of the historical context of cannabis in our country. This book documents the long history of marijuana use, the turbulent path of the prohibition of cannabis use, the issues regarding present-day legalization, and the modern implications of both medical and recreational cannabis. It provides compelling insight from multiple academic disciplines, including sociology, political science, economics, medicine, and health, and in particular from the history of the American experience with the criminalization of liquor, gambling, prostitution, and cigarettes. Marijuana Politics: Uncovering the Troublesome History and Social Costs of Criminalization examines the current trend toward the legalization of marijuana in the context of the American experience with particular emphasis on political, social, and constitutional developments in the United States beginning in the 20th century. It compares the trend toward marijuana legalization to Prohibition and U.S. laws regarding the consumption of alcohol and analyzes legal developments in comparable areas such as the regulation of other vices and hard drugs like cocaine and heroin. This book is written to be accessible to both casual readers or academic students and provides a robust understanding of both the historical and modern aspects of the drug itself and legalization, regardless of the reader's individual beliefs on the use of cannabis. Clearly presents the facts on how cannabis prohibition started and why cannabis prohibition is ending Identifies and challenges the common misconceptions about cannabis on both sides of this hot-button issue Provides a current perspective on the state trends toward legalization that explains the who, why, and how of the issue Explains the complex relationship between state marijuana legalization and the federal government, including findings from the executive, legislative, and judicial branch

The Criminalization series arose from an interdisciplinary investigation into criminalization, focussing on the principles that might guide decisions about what kinds of conduct should be criminalized, and the forms that criminalization should take. Developing a normative theory of criminalization, the series tackles the key questions at the heart of the issue: what principles and goals should guide legislators in deciding what to criminalize? How should criminal wrongs be classified and differentiated? How should law enforcement officials apply the law's specifications of offences? This, the fifth book in the series, offers a historical and conceptual account of the development of the modern criminal law in England and as it has spread to common law jurisdictions around the world. The book offers a historical perspective on the development of theories of criminalization. It shows how the emergence of theories of criminalization is inextricably linked to modern understandings of the criminal law as a conceptually distinct body of rules, and how this in turn has been shaped by the changing functions of criminal law as an instrument of government in the modern state. The book is structured in two main parts. The first traces the development of the modern law as a distinct, and conceptually distinct body of rules, looking in particular at ideas of jurisdiction, codification and responsibility. The second part then engages in detailed analysis of specific areas of criminal law, focusing on patterns of criminalization in relation to property, the person, and sexual conduct.

With expert evidence used more and more often in criminal jury cases, evaluation of its admissibility and presentation is being increasingly thrust into the spotlight. However, jury room secrecy has long prevented a rigorous analysis of its complexities. Expert Evidence and Criminal Jury Trials draws on an unprecedented study carried out in Commonwealth jurisdictions which have recently granted access to jurors, offering a unique exploration of the presentation and comprehension of expert evidence in criminal jury trials and a critical perspective on parallel UK processes. The authors combine empirical research conducted in the courtroom with expert academic analysis, examining, analysing, and comparing the views of not only real jurors, but also courtroom lawyers, judges, and experts across over 50 trials to gauge how complex and sometimes conflicting expert evidence is perceived and understood by all parties. Examples of modern technologies used in expert evidence, including DNA analysis and facial and body-mapping, are considered, and discussion of the challenges they pose covers not only issues of procedure and approach, but also perceptual issues and those of cognitive evaluation. This innovative study aims to facilitate a broader understanding of the use of expert evidence, what problems exist with it, and how such problems influence the communication of information to jurors. While the survey that informs the book relates to criminal trials in three Australian jurisdictions, the legal and psychological issues explored transcend national boundaries, allowing this book to fill a gap in the market for a practical discussion of expert evidence and its use that will be relevant to practitioners in any jurisdiction which utilises an adversarial trial system or juries in criminal trials.

Although stalking is an age-old phenomenon, it is only recently receiving due attention. In a span of just ten years, all fifty states have passed anti-stalking legislation. For the first time, Stalking Crimes and Victim Protection: Prevention, Intervention, Threat Assessment, and Case Management brings together in one source all the research done by professionals in various fields since 1990. It covers all the angles, from the psychological aspects of stalkers to the legal ramifications of stalking. This comprehensive work emphasizes a multidisciplinary concept and approach. It compiles and assesses studies of law enforcement, legal counsel, medical professionals, forensic mental health professionals, security personnel, and criminologists. These authors combine their academic research and clinical knowledge to provide you with helpful guidelines and suggestions in the areas of victim assistance and predatory stalking including: Intervention Prevention education Risk analysis Threat assessment Case management. Editor Joseph A. Davis, Ph.D., a nationally recognized expert in the field of public safety psychology, with a background in both psychology and law, has assembled a team of experienced professionals who have contributed to this comprehensive text, which educates, informs, and raises public awareness of this growing phenomenon. Including several case examples for study and clinical-forensic comparison, Stalking Crimes and Victim Protection will help you provide better services to victims, evaluate the mental state of the stalker, provide assessments of potential threat, and consult on security issues, case management, and safety planning.

The appetite for illicit drugs in the UK continues to grow and diversify. Young Britons consume more drugs than their peers anywhere else in Europe. Why and how has this happened and why have all official efforts to stem drug 'abuse' so far failed. Will the new UK drugs strategy fair any better? This unique collection of contemporary studies from the frontline by a leading social research group describes the drugs landscape in an accessible and authoritative way.

This book draws together empirical contributions which focus on conceptualising the lived realities of time and temporality in migrant lives and journeys. This book uncovers the ways in which human existence is often overshadowed by legislative interpretations of legal and illegalised. It unearths the consequences of uncertainty and unknowing for people whose futures often lay in the hands of states, smugglers, traffickers and employers that pay little attention to the significance of individuals' time and thus, by default, their very human existence. Overall, the collection draws perspectives from several disciplines and locations to advance knowledge on how temporal exclusion relates to social and personal processes of exclusion. It begins by conceptualising what we understand by 'time' and looks at how temporality and lived realities of time combine for people during and after processes of migration. As the book develops, focus is trained on temporality and survival during encampment, border transgression, everyday borders and hostility, detention, deportation and the temporal impacts of border deaths. This book both conceptualises and realises the lived experiences of time with regard to those who are afforded minimal autonomy over their own time: people living in and between borders.

--This text shows students how to organize their work and write gracefully. --Vivid examples show students effective re-writes of example passages. --Classroom and student homework assignments are provided on the book's web site. --Provides examples from both qualitative and quantitative research. --At 150 pages the book is an effective core text for any social science writing course, but brief enough to be assigned in large required courses like social science research methods in sociology and in fields like education, criminology, allied medical health, and other fields where effective research presentation is an important career skill.

Gender and Justice is a unique core textbook that introduces key concepts through case studies. Each chapter opens with a compelling case study that illustrates key concepts, followed by a narrative chapter that builds on the case study to introduce essential elements. Each chapter features pedagogical elements-learning objectives, key terms, review and study questions, and suggestions for further learning and exploration. In addition to the unique case study approach, this book is distinctive in its inclusion of LGBTQ experiences in crime, victimization, processing, and punishment. Gender and Justice also addresses masculinity and the role it plays in defining offenders and victims, as well as challenges posed by the gender gap in offending.

This volume explores the various challenges faced by migrant unaccompanied children, using a clinical sociological approach and a global perspective. It applies a human rights and comparative framework to examine the reception of unaccompanied children in European, North American, South American, Asian and African countries. Some of the important issues the volume discusses are: access of displaced unaccompanied children to justice across borders and juridical contexts; voluntary guardianship for unaccompanied children; the diverse but complementary needs of unaccompanied children in care, which if left unaddressed can have serious implications on their social integration in the host societies; and the detention of migrant children as analyzed against the most recent European and international human rights law standards. This is a one-of-a-kind volume bringing together perspectives from child rights policy chairs across the world on a global issue. The contributions reflect the authors' diverse cultural contexts and academic and professional backgrounds, and hence, this volume synthesizes theory with practice through rich firsthand experiences, along with theoretical discussions. It is addressed not only to academics and professionals working on and with migrant children, but also to a wider, discerning public interested in a better understanding of the rights of unaccompanied children.

This volume analyzes the development of the reactions to Covid-19 by governments, the public and the crime patterns in 16 European countries. All countries are members of the European Union and share common European norms and values, but the Covid-19 pandemic can serve as an example of how these norms and values are interpreted differently with regard to people's trust in public institutions, governmental control strategies, dealing with fear, anxiety and other emotional responses to the new virus, crime patterns and law enforcement priorities to prevent and combat them. The volume provides empirical data based on available statistics, media analysis and qualitative data from interviews and observations, and examines the similarities and differences in crime patterns and the consequences for local communities and law enforcement priorities.

This book describes various types and sources of crime and explanatory data available to study variation in crime across nations. Problems with the data and appropriate methods for adjusting and analyzing the data are described. A thorough review of theories and past cross-national crime research is included. This book intends to facilitate and stimulate quality cross-national crime research.

The book notes past misuse of data, such as using homicide rates unadjusted for attempts, as well as inconsistencies and contradictions in past research. The major theories and concepts which have been used to explain crime across nations are described in detail and critiqued. Inconsistencies and contradictions in results are noted, and avenues for future research are offered. Methodological techniques, issues, and problems involved in analysis are also presented and new approaches to dealing with the resulting data are projected. Extensive appendixes give information and contacts to researchers, providing a network for research in cross-national crime heretofore lacking.

This book provides an authoritative overview of the contemporary phenomenon widely labelled as 'acid attacks'. Although once thought of as a predominantly 'gendered crime', acid and other corrosive substances have been used in a range of violence crimes. This book explores the historical use of corrosives in crime, legal definitions of such attacks, the contexts in which corrosives are used, victim characteristics, offender motivations for carrying and decanting corrosives, and preventative strategies. Data is drawn from the international literature and the analysis of primary data collected in the UK (which is thought to have one of the highest rates of acid attacks in the world) from interviews with over 20 convicted offenders and from police case files relating to over 1,000 crimes involving corrosive substances. This book adds significantly to the international literature on weapons carrying and use, which to date has predominantly focused around the possession and use of guns and knives.

Case studies illuminate the lives of activists, advocates and aggressors, helping to bring the history to life, and focusing on Black voices who played a significant role in abolishing slavery and were prominent in political struggles, but have been written out of the narrative. In conjunction with both the National Justice Museum and National Archives, the author is going to be using digital storytelling to explore, interpret, and narrate insights relating to the book (video-narratives, digital media, recorded voice/audio, still and moving images/video clips, music etc). The proposed book offers something that currently does not exist on the academic book market and as such could be a classic text across, and connecting, criminology, history and sociology. It adds to a more complete picture of British social history. It promises to fill invisible stories and contexts around black lives and their representation in histories of crime and punishment connected to Britain. In doing so the proposal is answering a call made by serious scholars of black British history and criminology like Coretta Phillips, Paul Gilroy, Biko Agozino and David Olusoga. This book is unique in that it fits in multiple subject areas. It fills a space in criminology and also fits the fields of historical and political sociology. It will also have relevance for the field of Caribbean Studies, Law, Critical Race Studies and Black Studies. The subject matter of this book links to any nation and region connected and touched by British Colonialism and Slavery, including North America (USA and Canada), the Anglo Caribbean, Africa and other regions where there are ex British colonies. The book offers a reckoning with the problematic history of the disciplines of Criminology and History and ties into a feeling of the times for this revisiting the past to better reflect issues of race and racism. The gathering urgency around all questions of race, racism and criminal justice will help to propel the book's appeal beyond criminology and conventional academic audiences. It can find an audience/readership in museums, among museum visitors, museum studies and archivists, social movement activists, campaigners and criminal justice reform organisations. This book could become an important resource across the HE sector, but particularly within criminology and history, and in efforts to de-colonise the curriculum. The growth of interest in, and influence of, African scholars will extend the reach and appeal of the book.

Fully updated fourth edition of Trotter's well-established text on working with involuntary clients. The new edition includes a new chapter on Collaborative Family Work and additional emphasis on trauma informed practice. Includes plentiful case examples and links to practice, from a range of settings including work with people with addictions, young people who refuse to go to school and mental health patients who refuse treatment, as well as examples from criminal justice and child protection. Presents a practical model for evidence-based practice and discusses a range of intervention models and relationships skills. Takes into account up-to-date research evidence throughout.

Throughout the 1960's and 70's, Abbie Hoffman criss-crossed the country, ferreting out alternative ways of getting by in America-some illegal and all radical. Causing scandals with its advice on how to Survive!, Fight!, and Liberate! in the "prison that is Amerika," Steal This Book is a revolutionary's manual to running a guerilla movement, as well as getting free food, housing, transportation, medical care, and more. This anniversary edition gives a new generation an insider's view into the movements of the sixties and seventies. While many of the holes in the system that Abbie exposed have since been plugged, the spirit of revolution, the dedication to opposing injustice, and the passion of creative activism continue to inspire today.

This edited book demonstrates a new multidimensional comprehension of the relationship between war, the military and civil society by exploring the global rise of paramilitary culture. Moving beyond binary understandings that inform the militarization of culture thesis and examining various national and cultural contexts, the collection outlines ways in which a process of paramilitarization is shaping the world through the promotion of new warrior archetypes. It is argued that while the paramilitary hero is associated with military themes, their character is in tension with the central principals of modern military organization, something that often challenges the state's perceived monopoly on violence. As such paramilitization has profound implications for institutional military identity, the influence of paramilitary organizations and broadly how organised violence is popularly understood

This book explores the connections between migration and terrorism and extrapolates, with the help of current research and case studies, what the future may hold for both issues. Migration and Radicalization: Global Futures looks at how migrants and terrorists have both been treated as Others outside the body politic, how growing migrant flows borne of a rickety state system cause both natives and migrants to turn violent, and how terrorist radicalization and tensions between natives and migrants can be reduced. As he contemplates potential global futures in the light of migration and radicalization, Gabriel Rubin charts a course between contemporary migration and terrorism scholarship, exploring their interactions in a methodologically rigorous but theoretically bold investigation.

Tolkien, Race, and Racism in Middle-earth is the first systematic examination of how Tolkien understood racial issues, how race manifests in his oeuvre, and how race in Middle-earth, his imaginary realm, has been understood, criticized, and appropriated by others. This book presents an analysis of Tolkien's works for conceptions of race, both racist and anti-racist. It begins by demonstrating that Tolkien was a racialist, in that his mythology is established on the basis of different races with different characteristics, and then poses the key question "Was Tolkien racist?" Robert Stuart engages the discourse and research associated with the ways in which racism and anti-racism relate Tolkien to his fascist and imperialist contemporaries and to twenty-first-century neo-Nazis and White Supremacists-including White Supremacy, genocide, blood-and-soil philology, anti-Semitism, and aristocratic racism. Addressing a major gap in the field of Tolkien studies, Stuart focuses on race, racisms and the Tolkien legendarium.

This book examines the ways that brothels are managed under decriminalisation in New Zealand. New Zealand decriminalised sex work in 2003 with the passage of the Prostitution Reform Act, making it the first country to do so. Decriminalisation situates brothels as 'businesses like any other' and creates a legislative platform for better working conditions for sex workers. Nevertheless, we have limited understanding of how brothels are managed in New Zealand. Drawing on interviews with brothel operators and sex workers, this book explores how the law is understood and implemented, how brothel operators position their businesses, and how they seek legitimacy in a historically stigmatised sector. It also examines the rules and norms by which operators manage their businesses and the possibilities for sex workers to consent to commercial sexual services in the context of neoliberal norms of work and of managers who expect them to be professionalised, responsibilised and productive.

Women in the Criminal Justice System: Tracking the Journey of Females and Crime provides a rare up-to-date examination of women both as offenders and employees in the criminal justice system. While the crime rate in the United States is currently decreasing, the rate of female incarceration is rising. Female participation in the criminal justice workforce is also rising. However, women on both sides of the system experience special issues. This book presents the current state of females in the system through contributions by expert authors. The book discusses the criminal justice system's reaction to women, as well as the successes and failures of its responses and current and future consequences. The surge of incarcerated women comes with accusations of sexism, racism, and differential treatment, and female employees face sexual harassment, corruption, and differential pay. It examines the victimization of women through sexual and physical assault, victimization during incarceration, and the need for services such as financial assistance, addiction treatment, and psychological care for issues unique to women. The early chapters outline the history of women in the context of the criminal justice system, and lead into chapters that address specific women's issues. Each chapter contains discussion questions to broaden understanding of the history and issues relating to women in the system. The chapters also highlight key concepts, significant statistics, and legislative landmarks in criminal justice for women. As a historical analysis and currently informed resource, Women in the Criminal Justice System is a landmark work in its own right. It gives you a firm understanding of past problems that women faced in criminal justice, the present problems concerning women, how progress was made from past to present, and what progress is still needed.

This book traces the historical postcolonial journey of four generations of Jamaican psychiatrists challenging the European colonial 'civilizing mission' of psychiatric care. It details the process of deinstitutionizing patients with chronic mental illness using psychohistoriographic cultural therapy, by engaging them in creating sociodrama and poetry writing, not only to express and reverse the stigma contributing to their marginalized status, but also to reconnect them to a centuries-long history of oppression. The author thereby demonstrates that psychological decolonization requires a seminal understanding of the complex mental inter-relationship between slaves and slaveowners. Further, it is shown how the model analyzes the antipodal dialectic history of descendants of Africans enslaved in the New World by brutish British Imperialists suffering from the European psychosis of white supremacy. Drawing together a detailed description of the sociopoem Madnificent Irations, with an examination of Jamaica's political and social history, and the author's personal experience, this compelling work marks an important contribution to decolonial literature. It will be of particular interest to students and scholars of postcolonial studies, critical race theory, the history of psychology and community psychology.

This book is the first longitudinal study of the language surrounding rape in the British press. Through a diachronic analysis informed by corpus linguistics and feminist theory, Tranchese examines how rape discourse has (or has not) changed over the past decade. With its detailed investigation of media representations, the book explores how age-old rape myths re-emerge with new forms in news narratives. Against the backdrop of twelve years of newspaper coverage of rape, including many high-profile cases, this study also traces the rise of "celebrity culture", the emergence of #metoo, and the subsequent aggressive reaction against it. The author places these historical events and recent trends within broader debates on feminism, and the role of (social) media in the backlash against it. This book provides a much-needed linguistic analysis which will be of particular interest to scholars and students of feminist studies, language and gender, corpus-assisted discourse studies, and gendered crime.

"Cooney raises fundamental issues concerning the nature of the sociological enterprise in general and of the understanding of violence and conflict within society in particular. [He] is convincing in his demonstration that any understanding of violence and conflict within society must take into account the role of third parties (e.g., relatives, friends, neighbors, strangers, or legal officials) as a force for violence or peace."
--"Choice"

Why do some conflicts escalate into violence while others dissipate harmlessly? Under what circumstances will people kill, and why?

While homicide has been viewed largely in the pathological terms of "crime" and "deviance," violence, Mark Cooney contends, is a naturally-occurring form of conflict found throughout history and across cultures under certain social conditions. Cooney has analyzed the social control of homicide within and across over 30 societies and interviewed several dozens of prisoners incarcerated for murder or manslaughter, as well as members of their families. Violence such as homicide can only be understood, he argues, by transcending the traditional focus on the social characteristics of the killer and victims, and by looking at the role played by family members, friends, neighbors, onlookers, police officers, and judges. These third parties can be a source of peace or violence, depending on how they are configured in particular cases. Violence flourishes, Cooney demonstrates, when authority is either very strong or very weak and when third-party ties are strong and boundaries between groups sharply defined.

Drawing on recent theory in the lively new sociological speciality of conflict management, Mark Cooney hasculled a vast array of evidence from modern and preindustrial societies to provide us with the first general sociological analysis of human violence.