Evidence-based policing (EBP) has become a key perspective for practitioners and researchers concerned with the future of policing. This volume provides both a review of where evidence-based policing stands today and a consideration of emerging trends and ideas likely to be important in the future. It includes comparative and international contributions, as well as researcher and practitioner perspectives. While emphasizing traditional evidence-based methods and approaches, the book also identifies barriers to the advancement of evidence-based policing and expands the vision of evidence-based policing by critically examining ethical and moral concerns and questions. The book's main focus is not on what has to happen in police agencies to advance EBP, but rather on an issue that has received far less attention - the science that is necessary to produce for EBP to be successfully integrated into policing.

Organisations which act on behalf of society are expected to act fairly, explaining themselves and their procedures to people they encounter. For the police, explanation is routine and repetitive. It is also extremely powerful. "Rights Communication" provides an unusual opportunity to observe different speakers and writers explaining the same texts in their own words in British police stations. Data analyses cast explanation not as a skill but a technology, a rich resource for making meaning, representing identities and organising social participation.

This book presents and brings together research on child sexual abuse from various countries and cultures in the Arab Region. It addresses the multiple types of Child Sexual Abuse Exploitation and Trafficking (CSAET) and responds to the expanding burden of its diverse presentations. The book identifies appropriate structures for efficient programs that are to be accepted and developed by diverse cultures in the region, in order to develop an action plan to combat sexual violence against children. It studies the gathered to date child sexual abuse protection systems in the Arab region, covering issues such as children's rights, challenges of protection and advocates for peaceful, safe, healthy and happy environments for children and their families.

Trauma-Informed Forensic Practice argues for placing trauma-informed practice and thinking at the heart of forensic services. It is written by forensic practitioners and service users from prison and forensic mental health, youth justice, and social care settings. It provides a compassionate theoretical framework for understanding the links between trauma and offending. It also gives practical guidance on working with issues that are particularly associated with a history of trauma in forensic settings, such as self-harm and substance use, as well as on working with groups who are particularly vulnerable to trauma, such as those with intellectual disabilities and military veterans. Finally, it considers organisational aspects of delivering trauma-informed care, not just for service users but for the staff who work in challenging and dangerous forensic environments. The book is the first of its kind to address such a broad range of issues and settings. It is aimed at forensic practitioners who wish to develop their own trauma-informed practice or trauma-responsive services. It also provides an accessible introduction to trauma-informed forensic practice for undergraduate and postgraduate students.

This book analyses how an increasing number of new Chinese migrants have integrated into Australian society and added a new dimension to Australian domestic politics as a result of Australia's merit-based immigration system and its shift towards Asia. These policies have helped Australia sustain its growth without a recession for decades, but have also slowly changed established patterns in the distribution of job opportunities, wealth, and political influence in the country. These transformations have recently triggered a strong Sinophobic campaign in Australia, the most disturbing aspect of which is the denial of the successful integration of Chinese migrants into Australian society. Based on evidence gathered through a longitudinal study of Chinese migrants in Australia, this book examines the misconceptions troubling Australia's current China debate from six important but overlooked perspectives, ranging from migration policy changes, economic factors, grassroots responses, the role of major political parties, community activism, to knowledge issues.

The how and why of criminal justice policy making is frequently overlooked in criminal justice texts. Stolz fills that gap with this reader, which introduces students to the study of criminal justice policy making at the federal level by drawing on the discipline of political science. Each chapter includes * academic and government publications that acquaint the reader with federal criminal justice policy-making structures and processes * criminal justice policy-making issues related to each branch of government * several political science frameworks, used to explain how governmental structures and processes affect criminal justice policy Stolz begins with an introduction to the background of federal criminal justice policy making. She then moves to the three branches of the federal government involved in the process. In addition, a chapter on non-decision making, where policy makers do not consider certain alternative policies, is included. Each chapter begins with a careful introduction by the editor and concludes with recommendations for further reading, including important electronic resources for further consideration. The selections in this work include academic and government publications and speeches that help to shed light on this important area of criminal justice studies. This unique volume provides the tools for analyzing how criminal justice policy is made.

This book is the third publication from the Eurogang Network, a cross-national collaboration of researchers (from both North America and Europe) devoted to comparative and multi-national research on youth gangs. It provides a unique insight into the influence of migration on local gang formation and development, paying particular attention to the importance of ethnicity. The book also explores the challenges that migration and ethnicity pose for responding effectively to the growth of such gangs, particularly in areas where public discourse on such issues is restricted. Chapters in the book are concerned to address both situations where there have been longstanding problems with street gangs as well as areas where such issues have just started to emerge. A variety of different research traditions and approaches are represented, including ethnographic methods, self-report surveys and interviews, official records data and victim interviews. It will be essential reading for anybody interested in the phenomenon of street and youth gangs.

No one is innocent in this story. First Rule: Make them like you. Second Rule: Make them need you. Third Rule: Make them pay. They think I'm a young, idealistic law student, that I'm passionate about reforming a corrupt and brutal system. They think I'm working hard to impress them. They think I'm here to save an innocent man on death row. They're wrong. I'm going to bury him. 'Ingenious' SUNDAY TIMES 'Gripping and full of tension, with twist after unexpected twist. You won't just read The Murder Rule, you'll devour it.' - Karin Slaughter, New York Times bestselling author of Pieces of Her

Outlining the different types of financial crime and their impact, this book is a user-friendly, up-to-date guide to the regulatory processes, systems and legislation which exist in the UK. Each chapter has a similar structure and covers individual financial crimes including money laundering, terrorist financing, fraud, insider dealing, market abuse, bribery and corruption and finally tax avoidance and evasion. Offences are summarized and their extent is evaluated using national and international documents. Detailed assessments of financial institutions and regulatory bodies are made and the achievements of these institutions are analysed. Sentencing and policy options for different financial crimes are included and suggestions are made as to how criminal proceeds might be recovered. This third edition has been fully updated and includes a new chapter on corporate financial crime.

This edited book summarizes the current state of knowledge on the development of criminal and antisocial behavior over the life course. It focuses mainly on the developmental perspective, which has had a paradigmatic influence on current theoretical and empirical works in criminology. With a multidisciplinary perspective, the book reviews: (a) the fundamental concepts of developmental criminology; (b) the risk factors and developmental processes related to the most salient personal (e.g., genetics, personality) and environmental (e.g., family, peers, school) domains explaining the development of criminal and antisocial behavior; (c) the developmental issues related to a number a special themes (e.g., women criminality, street gangs) and (d) the applied and policy implications of research in developmental criminology. In each chapter, prominent researchers from different disciplines such as criminology and psychology summarize the state of knowledge on a specific topic, identify the shortcomings of past research, offer recommendations for future research needs.

This book is a study of the response that the police take to modern urban riots. It takes a principally police perspective on the lead-up to a riot, the police response, and the evaluation of the police response. The book is based on the development and analysis of four extensive case study riots: France 2005, London 2011, Ferguson 2014, and Baltimore 2015. The methodological approach to the case studies is comparative and includes an interactive framework that incorporates a number of key variables. These variables examine how each riot began, how they developed, the response strategies and tactics used by the police, and how the riots eventually ended. The first section looks at defining riots and examines the riot literature and research to date. The second section analyses the current police response to rioting. The third and final section includes an analysis and comparison of the case study riots, along with an examination of how the police response to riots could be improved. With its focus on police practices, this unique volume will be useful for researchers, students, police, law enforcement, and policy makers.

With unique and powerful data from within a big city prison, this book clarifies the role that conversational analysis can have within a Critical Discourse Analysis perspective. In a detailed linguistic analysis of the language use of prison officers and prisoners involved in a prison based course, the author charts the shifting power relations of control and resistance and situates the findings in a broader sociological analysis of the prison as an institution.

The United States and her allies have found themselves plunged into 'a war over [humanity's] future social and political organization' with criminal challengers to the nation-state form. These new wars are currently being fought globally with Al Qaeda, in Iraq with shifting coalitions of criminal gangs, insurgents, and Jihadi groups and throughout the Americas with the Maras (the first group of 3rd GEN Gangs to emerge). More new wars are poised to develop and the on-going ones are far from over, with more attacks upon the homelands of the US and her allies expected. This cutting edge book looks initially at the theoretical and legal side of criminal-state and criminal-soldier emergence and growth, before focusing on criminal-states and criminal-soldiers themselves, with particular attention paid to Al Qaeda, Hizballah, Mara Salvatrucha (MS 13), Caliphate and Mahdi concerns, Islamic Fundamentalist Use of Beheadings, Criminalization of Russian State Security, Nuclear Materials Trafficking, and Outlaw Private Security Firms. With the contributions from international experts, this book makes for critical reading for political scientists and criminal justice students and researchers, policy makers, and military and law enforcement practitioners. This book was previously published as a special issue of Global Crime.

The United States and her allies have found themselves plunged into 'a war over [humanity's] future social and political organization' with criminal challengers to the nation-state form. These new wars are currently being fought globally with Al Qaeda, in Iraq with shifting coalitions of criminal gangs, insurgents, and Jihadi groups and throughout the Americas with the Maras (the first group of 3rd GEN Gangs to emerge). More new wars are poised to develop and the on-going ones are far from over, with more attacks upon the homelands of the US and her allies expected. This cutting edge book looks initially at the theoretical and legal side of criminal-state and criminal-soldier emergence and growth, before focusing on criminal-states and criminal-soldiers themselves, with particular attention paid to Al Qaeda, Hizballah, Mara Salvatrucha (MS 13), Caliphate and Mahdi concerns, Islamic Fundamentalist Use of Beheadings, Criminalization of Russian State Security, Nuclear Materials Trafficking, and Outlaw Private Security Firms. With the contributions from international experts, this book makes for critical reading for political scientists and criminal justice students and researchers, policy makers, and military and law enforcement practitioners. This book was previously published as a special issue of Global Crime.

This book highlights how the practical skills of the police officer can be transferred into the realm of academic research and support them in becoming part of the evidence-based policing movement. It starts by exploring the professionalisation of the police service through higher education accreditation and the different methodologies of social research practice. Using operational comparisons and a little humour, it guides the reader through the swamp of concepts and processes, such as ethical approval, research paradigms and data gathering and analysis. It then takes them on a journey of reflection and reflexivity, challenging their own perspective on policing and working within the wider criminal justice sector and how they can make a valuable contribution to the development of policing practice.

This book examines the gun-related policy responses to three school shooting incidents in the United States. Gun violence prevention activists and others involved in policy making were interviewed for the book, and news media articles and policy documents were critically assessed. As a result, interpretations of the Second Amendment are shown to affect the acceptability of certain gun restrictions. News media content and policy documents, coupled with the thoughts of activists, also give an indication of why certain policy measures passed and others failed at the time of each of the case studies. This book should be of interest to social policy, politics, criminology and sociology students and academics, as well as those with a general interest in the topic.

"In my state of shock and dismay, I asked God over and over again, "Why?" Always, before closing my eyes at night, I prayed for my sons, asking God to keep them healthy, happy, and safe. I never dreamed that a horrific crime would take one of their lives. This nightmare was indeed unbelievable. I was unable to focus. I kept thinking that there had been a mistake; I kept trying to convince myself that it wasn't James who had been killed. I found myself rambling on and on in an attempt to comprehend the reality that I had lost my oldest son. The situation was hopeless. "

This first volume of The Class Structure of Capitalist Societies offers a bold and wide-ranging assessment of the shape and effects of class systems across a diverse range of capitalist nations. Plumbing a trove of data and deploying cutting-edge techniques, it carefully maps the distribution of the key sources of power and documents the major convergences and divergences between market societies old and new. Establishing that the multidimensional vision of class proposed decades ago by Pierre Bourdieu appears to hold good throughout Europe, parts of the wider Western world and Eastern Asia, the book goes on to examine a number of significant themes: the relationship between class and occupation; the intersection of class with gender, religion, geography and age; the correspondences between social position and political attitudes; self-positioning in the class structure; and the extent of belief in meritocracy. For all the striking cross-national commonalities, however, the book unearths consistent variations seemingly linked to distinct politico-economic regimes. This title will appeal to scholars and advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students interested in sociology, politics and demography, and is essential reading for all those interested in social class across the globe. Chapter 3 of this book is available for free in PDF format as Open Access from the individual product page at www.routledge.com. It has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license

Andrea Cauduro, Andrea Di Nicola, Marco Lombardi, and Paolo Ruspini Client: Have you ever had a [...] by an Albanian? Researcher: No... Client: You should have one, they're great! "I'll tell you something: between an exploited girl and a 'free' one, I choose the exploited one. Because a girl who's being exploited has to give money to her pimp, otherwise she'll be beaten. The others, when they've earned enough they stop working. The exploited ones no: even they don't want to work, they have to stay there and if they don't pay the pimp they're beaten [...] If you think about it, you notice it is more a help than anything else. We all know they're exploited, so it's better to go with them, otherwise they'll be slaughtered!" These two tough excerpts from interviews with clients of foreign prostitution stress the core point of this work: There seems to be a different view, a different logic that moves these men in their search for commercial sex. This is the focus of the discussion and the main reason for this volume. We have attempted to study the phenomenon of trafficking from a different and innovative perspective: the demand. Trafficking in human beings for sexual exploitation (and not only) has involved all the European Union and more in general Western European countries in the past twenty years.

Terrorism Awareness: Understanding the Threat and How You Can Protect Yourself provides readers a foundational understanding of the threats that face us every day. The goal is to introduce readers to different tactics and techniques used by terrorists-both international and domestic-to better understand personal protection concepts and, if necessary, take actions to make themselves "hard targets" that terrorist organizations will want to avoid. This includes providing a background on understanding how terrorists operate, and, more specifically, how to recognize the pre-incident indicators associated with terrorist operations. Coverage includes situation awareness of the phases of terrorist operations, common attacks, surveillance and targeting tactics, kidnapping and hostage situations, bombings and blast effects, hijacking, armed assaults, and more. With such awareness, readers can be alert to common cues to avoid dangerous situations, as well as familiarize themselves with various actions they can take to better protect themselves. Sometimes certain events may arise which are unavoidable and, in those cases, learning how to best mitigate those scenarios can mean life or death and provide the best opportunity for safety and survival. Terrorism Awareness is a helpful guide to provide anyone working or traveling in the United States or overseas-particularly in potentially volatile places subject to terrorism or civil unrest-the tools they need to recognize potential threats and to keep themselves, and those they are with, safe.

Better understand the men and women most affected by trauma in our society Convicted offenders quite often are found to have a history of trauma. Trauma and Dissociation in Convicted Offenders: Gender, Science, and Treatment Issues provides a comprehensive look at the connection between complex trauma and the likelihood of being a convicted offender. This unique text focuses on what factors increase the likelihood of being a convicted offender, and what treatment possibilities lay ahead for these individuals. Substance abuse, childhood sexual abuse, and other traumatic experiences and their links to incarcerated men and women are discussed in detail. Interventions and research within the corrections system are examined, with recommendations on how to better serve this population. Trauma and Dissociation in Convicted Offenders: Gender, Science, and Treatment Issues takes a reasoned stand on women and men in prison, understanding that while they are being punished for breaking the law, they also are survivors of trauma whose dysfunctions underscore the need for greater understanding and more research. This valuable source presents the most current research results while providing a clear view on important future directions of study and focus. Each chapter of this insightful resource is extensively referenced and many have tables to clearly present data. Topics in Trauma and Dissociation in Convicted Offenders: Gender, Science, and Treatment Issues include: the relationship between post-traumatic stress and lifetime substance abuse among incarcerated women research on women inmates with HIV sexual risk and hazardous drinking behavior study on the link between trauma and women domestic violence offenders dissociation and memory in sex abusers the 're-criminalization' of mental illness the effectiveness of group therapy for incarcerated women survivors of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) challenges, ethical issues, and benefits of conducting research with abuse survivors in a women's prison facility Trauma and Dissociation in Convicted Offenders: Gender, Science, and Treatment Issues is an essential resource for clinicians, educators, students, policymakers, and researchers.

The crime of mass murder is surrounded by myth, false assumptions, and misinformation. It is frequently sensationalized in the press, while the complex motivations of the perpetrator are ignored or soon forgotten. The mass murderer is rarely a crazed killer who lashes out against his victims in a mindless frenzy of violence. This book examines not only the crime of mass murder, but also the complex motivations of the mass murderer, presenting a completely new method of categorizing and analyzing the crime and its perpetrator. The evolving nature of the crime is examined in the context of actual case histories of mass murder in America. Kelleher's insights will be of interest to criminologists and anyone interested in the sociology of crime.

In the wake of 9/11, many Americans feel their individual safety is threatened by forces they cannot control. Some take drastic measures and move from metropolitan areas thought to be targets, while most stay put and try to find ways to protect themselves in their homes, their workplaces, and their communities. Still, a sense of vulnerability or uncertainty can undermine feelings of safety and security. Today's dangerous world calls for daily personal power that overcomes paranoia and puts people back in control of their lives and their sense of safety. Drawing on 34 years of law enforcement work and training, co-authors Doug Graves and Jana Kemp present useful information and practical guidelines for keeping yourself, family members, and co-workers as safe as possible every day. Prepared-Not Paranoid presents methods for recognizing challenges or threats, innovative ways of thinking about safety, checklists with actions to take in various settings, and items to have handy when traveling to the local convenience store or around the world. This book serves as a guide for safe daily living, not as a self-defense manual. The authors raise awareness and offer important information so people feel more confident moving through daily life as safely as possible.