Policing in the US and many western nations is in an era of crisis, facing extensive calls for reformation and change. This edited book outlines the major challenges and changes needed to achieve a more stable future for the policing profession and police organizations. The chapters come from innovative police leaders and officers as well as academics with subject matter expertise, to provide insight into how reform can be done with the police. It focusses on how leaders should understand and approach their role during times of instability and uncertainty. It starts with an examination of how policing reached this state of crisis and discusses some interviews conducted with police leaders, particularly chiefs as agents of change and reform. This is followed by chapters from several veteran police leaders and personnel describing some of the factors that brought policing to this critical time of change and reform, how has policing evolved in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, and how that impacts the current environment, and some potential strategies to create meaningful change while considering unintended consequences. The following chapters from academics seek to define paths that policing can take toward needed changes that will increase legitimacy, trust, and equality of policing services. It speaks to students, academics and professionals interested in police organization and administration, police leadership, and contemporary issues in policing and criminal justice.

The Routledge Handbook of Gender and Violence provides both a comprehensive and authoritative state-of-the-art overview of the latest research in the field of gender and violence. Each of the 23 specially commissioned chapters develops and summarises their key issue or debate including rape, stalking, online harassment, domestic abuse, FGM, trafficking and prostitution in relation to gender and violence. They study violence against women, but also look at male victims and perpetrators as well as gay, lesbian and transgender violence. The interdisciplinary nature of the subject area is highlighted, with authors spanning criminology, social policy, sociology, geography, health, media and law, alongside activists and members of statutory and third sector organisations. The diversity of perspectives all highlight that gendered violence is both an age-old and continuing social problem. By drawing together leading scholars this handbook provides an up-to-the-minute snapshot of current scholarship as well as signposting several fruitful avenues for future research. This book is both an invaluable resource for scholars and an indispensable teaching tool for use in the classroom and will be of interest to students, academics, social workers and other professionals working to end gender-based violence.

From anti-immigration agendas that criminalise vulnerable populations, to the punishment of the poor and the governance of parenting, this timely book explores how diverse fields of social policy intersect more deeply than ever with crime control and, in so doing, deploy troubling strategies. The international context of this book is complemented by the inclusion of specific policy examples across the themes of work and welfare; borders and migration; family policy; homelessness and the reintegration of justice-involved persons. This book incites the reader to consider how we can reclaim the best of the 'social' in social policy for the twenty-first century.

This collection critically explores the use of financial technology (FinTech) and artificial intelligence (AI) in the financial sector and discusses effective regulation and the prevention of crime. Focusing on crypto-assets, InsureTech and the digitisation of financial dispute resolution, the book examines the strategic and ethical aspects of incorporating AI into the financial sector. The volume adopts a comparative legal approach to: critically evaluate the strategic and ethical benefits and challenges of AI in the financial sector; critically analyse the role, values and challenges of FinTech in society; make recommendations on protecting vulnerable customers without restricting financial innovation; and to make recommendations on effective regulation and prevention of crime in these areas. The book will be of interest to teachers and students of banking and financial regulation related modules, researchers in computer science, corporate governance, and business and economics. It will also be a valuable resource for policy makers including government departments, law enforcement agencies, financial regulatory agencies, people employed within the financial services sector, and professional services such as law, and technology.

This critical and cutting edge introduction to the key debates in green criminology shows readers how to approach environmental harm with a questioning mindset and demonstrates the contribution of criminologists towards solving global environmental concerns in the 21st century.

This book considers how a phenomenon as complex as coercive control can be criminalised. The recognition and ensuing criminalisation of coercive control in the UK and Ireland has been the focus of considerable international attention. It has generated complex questions about the "best" way to criminalise domestic abuse. This work reviews recent domestic abuse criminal law reform in the UK and Ireland. In particular, it defines coercive control and explains why using traditional criminal law approaches to prosecute it does not work. Laws passed in England and Wales versus Scotland represent two different approaches to translating coercive control into a criminal offence. This volume explains how and why the jurisdictions have taken different approaches and examines the advantages and disadvantages of each. As jurisdictions around the world review what steps need to be taken to improve national criminal justice responses to domestic abuse, the question of what works, and why, at the intersection of domestic abuse and the criminal law has never been more important. As such, the book will be a vital resource for lawyers, policy-makers and activists with an interest in domestic abuse law reform.

Crime, Criminal Justice and Religion: A Critical Appraisal seeks to bridge a gap in the examination of crime and criminal justice by taking both a historical and a contemporary lens to explore the influence of religion. Offering unique perspectives that consider the impact on modern-day policy and practice, the book scrutinises a range of issues such as abortion, hate crime and desistance as well as reflecting upon the influence religion can have on criminal justice professions. The book acts to renew the importance of, and recognise, the influence and impact religion has in terms of how we view and ultimately address crime and deliver criminal justice. One of the first books to cover the area of crime, criminal justice and religion, the book is split into three parts, with part 1 - 'Contextualising Crime, Criminal Justice and Religion' - providing an introduction to crime, criminal justice and religion, and reflections on the role religion has had, and continues to have, in how crime is understood and how we respond to it. Part 2 - 'Appraisal of Institutions and Professional Practice' - considers the issue of religion through institutions and professions of criminal justice, such as the police and legal profession, while part 3 - 'Appraisal of Contemporary Issues' - explores a range of crime and criminal justice issues in on which religion has had an impact, such as the death penalty and terrorism. Crime, Criminal Justice and Religion will be of primary interest to academics, researchers and students in criminology, law, sociology, psychology, social policy and related Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences disciplines. It will also be of interest to theologians, both as scholars and practitioners. The book is a body of work that will appeal at an international level and will also be a key resource for a range of practitioners across the globe working on issues concerning crime and criminal justice.

This book provides a contemporary collection of key works that chart new and ongoing terrain on student sex work. It brings together experienced researchers, activists, practitioners, early career researchers and those with lived experience of doing sex work in the university setting from across the globe. The book addresses three core areas: Activism, Ideology and Exclusion; Motivations and Experiences; and University Policy, Practice and Service Delivery. This collection represents significant theoretical, methodological and policy and practice contributions within sex work studies. These new perspectives contribute to our existing knowledge, introduce new directions for scholarship and prompt new and exciting questions about how higher education students' participation in sex work can be researched, understood and responded to in an ethical, non-stigmatising approach. The book will be of interest to students, researchers and service providers and given the interdisciplinary nature of the chapters, the book has a cross-disciplinary appeal.

What is the big deal about cannabis? This book covers everything from botany to the historical uses and common misconceptions of cannabis, with a focus on the political process of prohibition and legalization of cannabis in the United States. Why is marijuana-to which few if any deaths can be attributed-generally banned in the United States, while cigarettes and liquor-which unquestionably kill millions-are currently legal? This question can best be explained through an investigation of the historical context of cannabis in our country. This book documents the long history of marijuana use, the turbulent path of the prohibition of cannabis use, the issues regarding present-day legalization, and the modern implications of both medical and recreational cannabis. It provides compelling insight from multiple academic disciplines, including sociology, political science, economics, medicine, and health, and in particular from the history of the American experience with the criminalization of liquor, gambling, prostitution, and cigarettes. Marijuana Politics: Uncovering the Troublesome History and Social Costs of Criminalization examines the current trend toward the legalization of marijuana in the context of the American experience with particular emphasis on political, social, and constitutional developments in the United States beginning in the 20th century. It compares the trend toward marijuana legalization to Prohibition and U.S. laws regarding the consumption of alcohol and analyzes legal developments in comparable areas such as the regulation of other vices and hard drugs like cocaine and heroin. This book is written to be accessible to both casual readers or academic students and provides a robust understanding of both the historical and modern aspects of the drug itself and legalization, regardless of the reader's individual beliefs on the use of cannabis. Clearly presents the facts on how cannabis prohibition started and why cannabis prohibition is ending Identifies and challenges the common misconceptions about cannabis on both sides of this hot-button issue Provides a current perspective on the state trends toward legalization that explains the who, why, and how of the issue Explains the complex relationship between state marijuana legalization and the federal government, including findings from the executive, legislative, and judicial branch

This book presents various areas related to cybersecurity. Different techniques and tools used by cyberattackers to exploit a system are thoroughly discussed and analyzed in their respective chapters. The content of the book provides an intuition of various issues and challenges of cybersecurity that can help readers to understand and have awareness about it. It starts with a very basic introduction of security, its varied domains, and its implications in any working organization; moreover, it will talk about the risk factor of various attacks and threats. The concept of privacy and anonymity has been taken into consideration in consecutive chapters. Various topics including, The Onion Router (TOR) and other anonymous services, are precisely discussed with a practical approach. Further, chapters to learn the importance of preventive measures such as intrusion detection system (IDS) are also covered. Due to the existence of severe cyberattacks, digital forensics is a must for investigating the crime and to take precautionary measures for the future occurrence of such attacks. A detailed description of cyberinvestigation is covered in a chapter to get readers acquainted with the need and demands. This chapter deals with evidence collection from the victim's device and the system that has importance in the context of an investigation. Content covered in all chapters is foremost and reported in the current trends in several journals and cybertalks. The proposed book is helpful for any reader who is using a computer or any such electronic gadget in their daily routine. The content of the book is prepared to work as a resource to any undergraduate and graduate-level student to get aware about the concept of cybersecurity, various cyberattacks, and threats in the security. In addition to that, it aimed at assisting researchers and developers to build a strong foundation for security provisioning in any newer technology which they are developing.

This interesting volume focuses on a set of phenomena which increasingly alarm the political world and public opinion: from the more obvious ones like torture, disease, human trafficking, abuse, genocide, displacement, to more subtle forms found in sports, technology and law. It looks at how and why these phenomena are universally condemned, and could be considered to threaten the very foundations of modern democracy; yet continue to be tolerated. The volume therefore goes beyond what Hannah Arendt has called the "banality of evil" and discusses the presence of condemned and heinous practices in society as fluid and chaotic but as non-trivial; capable of great transmutations through various epochs. Practices and actions considered as "evil" manifest in situations where individuals or groups hold power or seize power, and the contributions in this volume explore the close relation between power and evil. The volume draws upon sociology, psychology, cultural studies, political science, as well as philosophy, theology, anthropology, and neurology of the individual and of the group to provide a comprehensive understanding of the multiple facets of evil in the contemporary world.

Featuring a unique overview of the different forms of extreme violence, this book considers the psychology of extreme violence alongside a variety of contributing factors, such as brain abnormalities in homicide offenders. Featuring several contemporary real-world case studies, this book offers insight into the psychology of serial homicide offenders, mass shooters, school shooters and lone-actor terrorists. The main purpose of this book is not to glorify or condemn the actions of these individuals, but to attempt to explain the motivations and circumstances that inspire such acts of extreme violence. By adopting a detailed case study approach, it aims to increase our understanding of the specific motivations and psychological factors underlying extreme violence. Using nontechnical language, this book is the ideal companion for students, researchers, and forensic practitioners interested in the multidisciplinary nature of extreme violence. This book will also be of interest to students taking courses on homicide, mass shooting, school shooting, terrorism, forensic psychology and criminology and criminal justice.

This book examines the challenges faced by developmental scientists as the population under the age of 18 in the United States has become a majority-minority, with no racial/ethnic group having a numeric majority. The volume tackles how these demographic shifts compel scientists to consider the unique and universal processes that promote the growth, thriving, and resilience of these populations across this new landscape and also takes into account systems of oppression, power, privilege, racial justice, and structural disadvantage. It describes the challenges of conducting research with diverse populations and offers practical methodological solutions. The book provides an overview of the current demographic shifts and their implications for developmental researchers. It examines key diversity science constructs that need to be considered for all developmental research within this new global context in which societies are becoming more diverse. In particular, chapters address how to measure and conceptualize these constructs using within-group designs as well as research that includes youth from multiple backgrounds. In addition, the volume focuses on the contexts that shape the developmental trajectories of youth and how best to capture these contexts with an eye toward diversity science. Key areas of coverage include: Identifying best practices in the conceptualization and measurement of race and ethnicity in developmental science at the individual and contextual levels. Stimulating a dialogue that translates to an actionable agenda designed to tackle issues of conceptualization and measurement of key constructs associated with race/ethnicity. Leading-edge strategies for building interdisciplinary teams to conduct ethical and responsible work with diverse populations that include scholars of color. Finally, the book addresses translational work, including how the incorporation of diversity science can influence policy and help build collaborative research teams that are well-poised to conduct ethical research in these diverse populations. The volume provides recommendations for researchers to incorporate diversity science into their work. This book is a must-have resource for researchers, professors, clinicians, therapists and other professionals as well as graduate students in developmental, clinical child, and school psychology, public health, ethnic studies, counseling, anthropology, African American/Black Studies, Latinx/Latino/Chicano Studies, and Asian American Studies.

--This text shows students how to organize their work and write gracefully. --Vivid examples show students effective re-writes of example passages. --Classroom and student homework assignments are provided on the book's web site. --Provides examples from both qualitative and quantitative research. --At 150 pages the book is an effective core text for any social science writing course, but brief enough to be assigned in large required courses like social science research methods in sociology and in fields like education, criminology, allied medical health, and other fields where effective research presentation is an important career skill.

For many people, corruption is a sound bite on the evening news. The reality is that corruption is more akin to a parasite, slowly drawing the lifeblood from a society.

In Corruption in the Twenty-First Century, author Vincent E. Green shares firsthand insight into the effects of corruption and shows how it is not a victimless crime. Green-someone who has fought corruption in New York City for more than thirty years and used the lessons he learned there internationally-here provides a history of corruption and its widespread effects. He explains how it occurs, what an investigation should look like, why we should care, and what strategies and tools can be implemented to defeat it. He discusses various corruption cases and describes how the perpetrators were brought to justice. He also details corruption's negative impact on both the present and the future.

Designed to educate, train, and empower, Corruption in the Twenty-First Century arms people with the knowledge necessary to put a stop to corruption, defeat those who prey upon the good works of government, and help those resolved to work for the good of the people.

This book explores the EU's approach to peacebuilding and questions the EU global role as crisis manager and capacity builder. It highlights the significant contributions of the EU to civilian peacebuilding and also critically evaluates the activities of the EU Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) within their rule of law and human rights peacebuilding missions. It draws on the author's twenty years of experience working on CSDP and EU defence matters including his research on EU police missions in Africa and Middle East. It exposes emergent tension between peacebuilding in its neighbourhood and security issues. It examines the practice of EU peacebuilding including performance of its missions and how deployed personnel can professionalise their diplomatic (mediation, negotiation and dialogue facilitation) capacity to fully realise the potential of missions and exploit opportunities for expanding the vision of peace. It formulates convincing policy recommendations for the future planning of EU external relations in post conflict environments and offers valuable insights into how to connect with people and communities in the aftermath of conflict.

A powerfully moving book that "could make graspable why today's prisons are contemporary slave plantations" (Alice Walker, author of The Color Purple), giving voice to the poorest among us and laying bare the cruelty of a penal system that too often defines their lives. Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Chris Hedges has taught courses in drama, literature, philosophy, and history since 2013 in the college degree program offered by Rutgers University at East Jersey State Prison and other New Jersey prisons. In his first class at East Jersey State Prison, where students read and discussed plays by Amiri Baraka and August Wilson, among others, his class set out to write a play of their own. In writing the play, Caged, which would run for a month in 2018 to sold-out audiences at The Passage Theatre in Trenton, New Jersey, and later be published, students gave words to the grief and suffering they and their families have endured, as well as to their hopes and dreams. The class's artistic and personal discovery, as well as transformation, is chronicled in heartbreaking detail in Our Class. This "magnificent" (Cornel West, author of Race Matters) book gives a human face and a voice to those our society too often demonizes and abandons. It exposes the terrible crucible and injustice of America's penal system and the struggle by those trapped within its embrace to live lives of dignity, meaning, and purpose.

Since the beginning of time, crime has touched women in many ways. The Encyclopaedia of Women and Crime is the first reference work to make the history, scope and nature of women and crime available to a wide audience. It covers a period starting in the mid-19th century, including: offenders, offences and theories on offending; victims and theories about victims; the criminal justice system (policing, courts and case processing); and punishment and treatment.

This textbook presents a systematic study of terrorism from the standpoint of economic analysis. Choosing the kind and level of measures to counter terror is, to a large extent, an economic decision, as counterterrorism (CT) measures and their side effects are costly. This text, contains theoretical models that illustrate the economic mechanisms of different types of CT measures. A vast array of empirical studies and regularities are also presented. Some chapters discuss in depth the empirical results in the literature as well as the underlying statistical/econometric methodologies that go beyond ordinary regression. General Appendix A provides an exposition of the concept of compensating surplus and elements of the basic game theory, to help the reader with an economics background recapitulate micro theory concepts used in the book. General Appendix B lays out the notions of hypothesis testing, regression and more advanced statistical/econometric methods, so that the reader understands or at least can have an intuitive idea of how the results are derived and what they mean with some degree of inner comfort. Aimed at students at the intermediate undergraduate and graduate levels, the text requires knowledge of basic micro, first-order conditions of profit or utility maximization and cost minimization, and statistical concepts of hypothesis testing and regression. This textbook is intended for use in courses in economics, political science, criminal justice, and emergency management. Additionally, professionals working with national security in government and non-governmental organizations may find it useful.

Victimology in Africa critically analyses hidden victimisation in society, dehumanising notions of victimhood, victimisation patterns, secondary victimisation by the Western criminal justice system together with the exploitation of international financial institutions and the misappropriation of traditional knowledge on the African continent. Its African approach to victimology - one that celebrates intense humanness and universal interconnectedness - can be considered an emerging area of specialisation in the field. Such an alternative framework refers to the historical, cultural, political and socioeconomic dimensions of victimisation on the colonial-postcolonial continuum and considers macro and micro links between interpersonal victimisation and victimisation in broader society.

This book uses humanity-rationality and experience and the freedom of human will as a theoretical perspective to examine the basic framework of criminal law theories constructed by the criminal classic school and the criminal empirical school. The author puts forward the principle of the duality of rationality and experience of humanity and affirms the determinism of human behavior in the ontological sense and the freedom of will in the axiological sense. From this point of view, this book examines the humanistic foundations of crime and punishment, legislation and justice.

Fully updated fourth edition of Trotter's well-established text on working with involuntary clients. The new edition includes a new chapter on Collaborative Family Work and additional emphasis on trauma informed practice. Includes plentiful case examples and links to practice, from a range of settings including work with people with addictions, young people who refuse to go to school and mental health patients who refuse treatment, as well as examples from criminal justice and child protection. Presents a practical model for evidence-based practice and discusses a range of intervention models and relationships skills. Takes into account up-to-date research evidence throughout.

Gender-based violence (GBV) can take many forms and have detrimental effects across generations and cultures. The triangulation of GBV, rurality and rural culture is a challenging and essential topic and this edited collection provides an innovative analysis of GBV in rural communities. Focusing on under-studied and/or oppressed groups such as immigrants and LGBT+ people, the book explores new theories on patterns of violence. Giving insights into GBV education and prevention, the text introduces community justice and victim advocacy approaches to tackling issues of GBV in rural areas. From policy review into actionable change, the editors examine best practices to positively affect the lives of survivors.

Integrating interdisciplinary and cross-cultural analysis, this volume advances our understanding of sexual violence in intimacy through the development of more nuanced and evidence-based conceptual frameworks. Sexual violence in intimacy is a global pandemic that causes individual physical and emotional harm as well as wider social suffering. It is also legal and culturally condoned in much of the world. Bringing together international and interdisciplinary research, the book explores marital rape as individual suffering that is best understood in cultural and institutional context. Gendered narratives and large-scale surveys from India, Ghana and Africa Diasporas, Pacific Islands, Denmark, New Zealand, the United States, and beyond illuminate cross-cultural differences and commonalities. Methodological debates concerning etic and emic approaches and de-colonial challenges are addressed. Finally, a range of policy and intervention approaches-including art, state rhetoric, health care, and criminal justice-are explored. This book provides much needed scholarship to guide policymakers, practitioners, and activists as well as for researchers studying gender-based violence, marriage, and kinship, and the legal and public health concerns of women globally. It will be relevant for upper-level students and scholars in anthropology, sociology, psychology, women's studies, social work and public and global health.

The Palgrave Handbook of Sexual Ethics is a comprehensive collection of recent research on the ethics of sexual behavior, representing a wide range of perspectives. It addresses a number of traditional subjects in the area, including questions about pre-marital, extra-marital, non-heterosexual, and non-procreative sex, and about the nature and significance of sexual consent, sexual desire, and sexual activity, as well as a variety of more recent topics, including sexual racism, sexual ableism, sex robots, and the #metoo response to sexual harassment. Each chapter defends a substantive thesis about the topic it addresses and the handbook as a whole thereby provides a strong foundation for future research in this important and growing field of inquiry.