'Crime and Criminal Justice Policy', second edition, provides a general update and revision, and records the substantial changes in British criminal justice policy and legislation over the last five years, particularly those introduced by the Crime and Disorder Act 1998. There is also a new chapter on crime prevention and community safety and more.

Media representations of law and order are matters of keen public interest and have been the subject of intense debate amongst those with an interest in the media, crime and criminal justice. Many people have had no direct contact and experience with the criminal justice system and therefore rely on media reports and representations, something which has important implications for public perceptions of law enforcement agencies, the courts and prisons, as well as offenders and victims. Despite being an increasingly high profile subject, few publications address this subject head on. This book meets this need by bringing together an important range of papers from leading researchers in the field addressing issues of fictional, factual and hybrid representations in the media.

The Internet's rapid diffusion and digitization of economic activities have led to the emergence of a new breed of criminals. Economic, political, and social impacts impacts of these cyber-criminals' activities have received considerable attention in recent years. Individuals, businesses, and governments rightfully worry about the security of their systems, networks, and IT infrastructures. Looking at the patterns of cybercrimes, it is apparent that many underlying assumptions about crimes are ?awed, unrealistic, and implausible to explain this new form of criminality. The empirical records regarding crime patterns and stra- gies to avoid and ?ght crimes run counter to the functioning of the cyberworld. The ?elds of hacking and cybercrime have also undergone political, social, and psychological metamorphosis. The cybercrime industry is a comparatively young area of inquiry. While there has been an agreement that the global cybercrime industry is tremendously huge, little is known about its exact size and structure. Very few published studies have examined economic and institutional factors that in?uence strategies and behaviors of various actors associated with the cybercrime industry. Theorists are also debating as to the best way to comprehend the actions of cyber criminals and hackers and the symbiotic relationships they have with various players.

Advance Praise for Indian Mujahideen: Computational Analysis and Public Policy This book presents a highly innovative computational approach to analyzing the strategic behavior of terrorist groups and formulating counter-terrorism policies. It would be very useful for international security analysts and policymakers. Uzi Arad, National Security Advisor to the Prime Minister of Israel and Head, Israel National Security Council (2009-2011) An important book on a complex security problem. Issues have been analysed in depth based on quality research. Insightful and well-balanced in describing the way forward. Naresh Chandra, Indian Ambassador to the USA (1996-2001) and Cabinet Secretary (1990-1992). An objective and clinical account of the origins, aims, extra-territorial links and modus-operandi, of a growingly dangerous terrorist organization that challenges the federal, democratic, secular and pluralistic ethos of India s polity. The authors have meticulously researched and analysed the multi-faceted challenges that the Indian Mujahideen poses and realistically dwelt on the ways in which these challenges could be faced and overcome. G. Parthasarathy, High Commissioner of India to Australia (1995-1998) and Pakistan (1998-2000). This book provides the first in-depth look at how advanced mathematics and modern computing technology can influence insights on analysis and policies directed at the Indian Mujahideen (IM) terrorist group. The book also summarizes how the IM group is committed to the destabilization of India by leveraging links with other terror groups such as Lashkar-e-Taiba, and through support from the Pakistani Government and Pakistan s intelligence service.

Foreword by The Hon. Louis J. Freeh."

This book addresses sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) against women from an international law point of view. It identifies the reasons behind SGBV against women with a specific focus on cultural practices that try to justify it and highlights the legal challenges related to the topic for both national and international justice systems. The seven chapters of the book are: i) Introduction ii) SGBV a global concern; iii) International legal protection; iv) Role of international institutions; v) Role of cultural factors and vi) Challenges vii) Conclusions. In the light of concerted global efforts to bring to an end, or at least severely contain SGBV against women, the book provides a future roadmap to the United Nations system, States, international institutions, multidisciplinary scholars, civil society organizations and other global actors. The book contains a Foreword by Peter Maurer, President of International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).

Following on from "International Approaches to Prostitution" (Policy Press, 2006), this book provides an overview of rape law and policy in ten countries, including England, Australia, Canada, India and China. By introducing readers to national perspectives of issues relating to rape, the book presents a comparative approach which highlights similarities and differences between countries, contexts, laws, key issues and policies and interventions. It is recommended for academics, students, practitioners and policy makers.

In one of the only works drawing on interviews with both Uyghurs and Han in Xinjiang, China, and postcolonial perspectives on ethnicity, nation, and race, this book explores how forms of banal racism underpin ideas of self and other, assimilation and modernisation, in this restive region. Significant international attention has condemned the CCP's use of forced internment in 're-education' camps, as well as its campaign of cultural assimilation. In this wider context, this book focuses upon the ways in which ethnic difference is writ through the banalities of everyday life: who one trusts, what one eats, where one shops, even what time one's clocks are set to (Xinjiang being perhaps one of the only places where different ethnic groups live by different time-zones). Alongside chapters focusing upon the coercive 're-education' campaign, and the devastating UErumchi Riots in 2009, this book also unpacks how discourses of Chinese nationalism romanticise empire and promote racialised ways of thinking about Chineseness, how cultural assimilation ('Sinicisation') is being justified through the rhetoric of 'modernisation', how Islamic sites and Uyghur culture are being secularised and commodified for tourist consumption. We also explore Uyghur and Han perspectives, including of each other, giving insight into the diversity of opinions within both groups. Based on many years of living and working in China, and fieldwork and interviews specifically in Xinjiang, this book will be valuable to a variety of readers interested in the region and Uyghur and Han identity, ethnic/national identities in contemporary China, and racisms in non-western contexts.

This book uses humanity-rationality and experience and the freedom of human will as a theoretical perspective to examine the basic framework of criminal law theories constructed by the criminal classic school and the criminal empirical school. The author puts forward the principle of the duality of rationality and experience of humanity and affirms the determinism of human behavior in the ontological sense and the freedom of will in the axiological sense. From this point of view, this book examines the humanistic foundations of crime and punishment, legislation and justice.

This book investigates the widespread and persistent relationship between disasters and gender-based violence, drawing on new research with victim-survivors to show how the two forms of harm constitute 'layered disasters' in particular places, intensifying and reproducing one another. The evidence is now overwhelming that disasters and gender-based violence are closely connected, not just in moments of crisis but in the years that follow as the social, economic and environmental impacts of disasters play out. This book addresses two key gaps in research. First, it examines what causes the relationship between disasters and gender-based violence to be so widespread and so enduring. Second, it highlights victim-survivors' own accounts of gender-based violence and disasters. It does so by presenting findings from original research on cyclones and flooding in Bangladesh and the UK and a review of global evidence on the Covid-19 pandemic. Drawing on feminist theories, it conceptualises the coincidence of gender-based violence, disasters and other aggravating factors in particular places as 'layered disasters.' Taking an intersectional approach that emphasises the connections between culture, place, patriarchy, racism, poverty, settler-colonialism, environmental degradation and climate change, the authors show the significance of gender-based violence in creating vulnerability to future disasters. Forefronting victim-survivors' experiences and understandings, the book explores the important role of trauma, and how those affected go about the process of survival and recovery. Understanding disasters as layered casts light on why tackling gender-based violence must be a key priority in disaster planning, management and recovery. The book concludes by exploring critiques of existing formal responses, which often ignore or underplay gender-based violence. The book will be of interest to all those interested in understanding the causes and impacts of disasters, as well as scholars and researchers of gender and gender-based violence.

* Presents a detailed picture of the operations of Halden Prison and the principles and policies of the Norwegian correctional service. * Offers lessons for incorporating practices of humane care and custody of imprisoned populations. * Essential reading for academics and students engaged in the study of criminology, corrections, and penology, as well as practitioners, administrators, judges, policymakers, and advocates.

"If a child falls victim to a crime, or becomes witness to it, they may well be questioned by the police. Perhaps even tasked with selecting a suspect from a line-up. But how reliable can a child be under such strenuous circumstances? In this book, Dr. Ben Cotterill explores practices and influences that can increase or decrease the accuracy of children's testimonies. Memory mechanisms and general developmental factors behind the capability of child witnesses are outlined, demonstrating their ability to describe or identify. Factors that affect jurors' perception of said children are also looked into in detail.There have been many instances in which poor interviewing practices with children led to false imprisonments. Said occurrences demonstrate how both situational factors and individual differences can potentially compromise children's eyewitness performance. Based upon what we now understand, can recommendations be made, so that, in a court of law, innocence is the key to achieving justice?

'To effectively combat corruption globally, the collection and dissemination of knowledge is crucial. This excellent book takes us a step forward in our collective efforts to better understand the causes and effects of corruption from an international perspective. Through its detailed analysis of the economic impact of corruption in a diverse range of countries, this publication provides us with a new resource to draw on in our future efforts to reduce corruption together worldwide.' - Dimitri Vlassis, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna, Austria Corruption presents many legal and regulatory challenges, but these challenges cannot be met by the law in isolation. This book presents economic analysis of crime as an essential tool for shaping an effective legal apparatus. The authors contend that in order to assess whether and how to regulate corruption, it is necessary to start with a thorough inquiry into the causes, institutional and social effects, and most of all, actual and potential economic and financial consequences of crimes. This, they argue, should inform and help shape a balanced legal and regulatory approach to corruption. Economic analysis is also the key to measuring the efficacy of current anti-corruption instruments, and in the light of this the book finds many existing legal counter-measures lacking. On the other hand, its assessment of new international instruments and their domestic implementation and enforcement, and the monitoring mechanisms embedded by certain international organizations, demonstrates a clear relationship between realistic economic analysis and effective solutions to the economic and legal problems posed by corruption. Offering a comprehensive legal study of corruption and grounded in economic analysis, this detailed book will appeal to scholars and researchers in crime and corruption, international public organizations and anti-corruption agencies. Contents: Foreword Preface Introduction Part I: Economics, Finance, and Governance Section 1: Economics 1. Opening Remarks: Corruption and Economic Analysis 2. Firms, Markets, and Corruption 3. Corruption and Macroeconomic Performance Section 2: Finance 4. Financial Markets: Bonds, Stocks, and Politically-connected Firms 5. The Impact of Corruption in Shares Returns of Euro-area Listed Industrial Firms 6. Operational Efficiency, Corruption, and Political Stability in Microfinance Section 3: Governance 7. Governance, Corruption, and Effects on Institutions Part II: Birth and Evolution of an Anti-corruption Global Legal Standard Trans-national Corruption and Effective Regulation Section 4: Cases of Trans-national Corruption: Description and Legal Issues 8. How Corruption Affects the Economic and Institutional Textures of States: three case examples Section 5: Horizontal Assessment of the International Hard Law Instruments 9. The US FCPA as the Archetype of the Supra-national Anti-bribery Regulation 10. The Emergence of an International Framework: Regional, International, and Multilateral Treaties and Initiatives 1 1. Criminalization of the Offence 12. Sanctions and Corporate Liability 13. Jurisdictional Issues 14. Mutual Legal Assistance and Extradition 15. Preventive and Non-criminal Related Measures 16. Follow up Procedures as Specific Cases of International Supervision 17. Asset Recovery Afterword Bibliography Index

This book explores the burgeoning interest in alternative and innovative justice responses to sexual violence both within and outside the legal system. It explores the limits of criminal law for achieving 'rape justice' and highlights possibilities for expanding how we think about justice in the aftermath of sexual violence.

This book focuses on the European Union as an actor involved in the transnational Kurdish issue covering Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Syria. It demonstrates that, instead of being simply a humanitarian actor in the issue, the EU has considered its bilateral interests with the four states in question as well as its extent of acceptance in approaching the Kurdish issue. It has combined its traditional humanitarian/normative consideration with its geopolitical interests in relation to strategies related to the four states. This book provides a unique perspective on the EU as an actor in the Kurdish issue and from a wider perspective, it provides interesting insights into the EU's interactions with geopolitics, which has become the topic of a lively scholarly debate in recent years. The book is a resource for researchers and students studying the European Union as a global actor, and for governmental or non-governmental professionals dealing directly with, or having interest in, the EU and/or Kurdish affairs.

This book examines the challenges faced by developmental scientists as the population under the age of 18 in the United States has become a majority-minority, with no racial/ethnic group having a numeric majority. The volume tackles how these demographic shifts compel scientists to consider the unique and universal processes that promote the growth, thriving, and resilience of these populations across this new landscape and also takes into account systems of oppression, power, privilege, racial justice, and structural disadvantage. It describes the challenges of conducting research with diverse populations and offers practical methodological solutions. The book provides an overview of the current demographic shifts and their implications for developmental researchers. It examines key diversity science constructs that need to be considered for all developmental research within this new global context in which societies are becoming more diverse. In particular, chapters address how to measure and conceptualize these constructs using within-group designs as well as research that includes youth from multiple backgrounds. In addition, the volume focuses on the contexts that shape the developmental trajectories of youth and how best to capture these contexts with an eye toward diversity science. Key areas of coverage include: Identifying best practices in the conceptualization and measurement of race and ethnicity in developmental science at the individual and contextual levels. Stimulating a dialogue that translates to an actionable agenda designed to tackle issues of conceptualization and measurement of key constructs associated with race/ethnicity. Leading-edge strategies for building interdisciplinary teams to conduct ethical and responsible work with diverse populations that include scholars of color. Finally, the book addresses translational work, including how the incorporation of diversity science can influence policy and help build collaborative research teams that are well-poised to conduct ethical research in these diverse populations. The volume provides recommendations for researchers to incorporate diversity science into their work. This book is a must-have resource for researchers, professors, clinicians, therapists and other professionals as well as graduate students in developmental, clinical child, and school psychology, public health, ethnic studies, counseling, anthropology, African American/Black Studies, Latinx/Latino/Chicano Studies, and Asian American Studies.

Examine the major advances in sexual offender treatment over the last decade and promising new concepts in treatment, supervision, and research
Sex Offender Treatment: Accomplishments, Challenges, and Future Directions points the way toward humane, dignified, effective treatment regimes for sexual offenders. In addition to providing an essential overview of the current state of sex offender treatment, this book examines vital areas of service provision and research and points to future directions for the field.
On the medical/psychological front, this volume explores the importance of recognizing comorbid psychiatric factors in treatment and of exploring central nervous system function's role as a cause of sexually inappropriate behavior. In the legislative/justice arena it illustrates a "Circles of Support" proposal that mobilizes community resources to aid the adjustment of released offenders rather than branding them as dangerous to the community. And in the area of service provision, this book presents a treatment approach for residential programs that is inspired by research on childhood behavioral problems and special education.
This book will increase your effectiveness with: a model of multisystemic treatment for juvenile sex offenders a restorative justice approach for reintegrating adult offenders into the community a study of the physical/mental correlates of organic brain dysfunction a case report on the use of a pharmaceutical treatment (leuprolide acetate) for pedophiles

* This book provides not only the background to understand the rise of white nationalism violence and domestic terrorism but offers mental health professionals direct guidance to reduce violence and mass shootings. * In a one stop resource, this text provides a wealth of information to better understand the domestic extremism movement and identify key white supremacy groups and their philosophies leading to violent action. * Drawing from the fields of psychology, threat assessment and law enforcement, the authors provide a clear path to understanding the problem as well as taking steps toward to the solution.

Cyberspace opens up infinitely new possibilities to the deviant imagination. With access to the Internet and sufficient know-how you can, if you are so inclined, buy a bride, cruise gay bars, go on a global shopping spree with someone else's credit card, break into a bank's security system, plan a demonstration in another country and hack into the Pentagon all on the same day. In more than any other medium, time and place are transcended, undermining the traditional relationship between physical context and social situation. This book crosses the boundaries of sociological, criminological and cultural discourse in order to explore the implications of these massive transformations in information and communication technologies for the growth of criminal and deviant identities and behaviour on the Internet. This is a book not about computers, nor about legal controversies over the regulation of cyberspace, but about people and the new patterns of human identity, behaviour and association that are emerging as a result of the communications revolution.

When is a crime a crime--or an act condoned by a significant portion of society? When is a criminal a criminal--or a revolutionary or a national hero? As the chapters in this collection make clear, what constitutes criminal activity varies, to a degree, among different societies and at different moments in a society's history. In this wide-ranging work, major historians of criminology and penology examine aspects of crime and criminal justice from medieval Western Europe to modern day Canada.

In addition to examining crime, the judicial system, and punishment in various societies, the chapters look at the evolution of police systems as societies urbanize and undergo population changes. Together these chapters look at many key questions concerning the modern study of criminal behavior. As such, the volume will be of great interest to researchers and scholars of the history of crime.

This up-to-date resource on restorative justice theory and practice is the literature's most comprehensive and authoritative review of original research in new and contested areas. Bringing together contributors from across a range of jurisdictions, disciplines and legal traditions, this edited collection provides a concise, but critical review of existing theory and practice in restorative justice. Authors identify key developments, theoretical arguments and new empirical evidence, evaluating their merits and demerits, before turning the reader's attention to further concerns informing and improving the future of restorative justice. Divided into four parts, the Handbook includes papers written by leading scholars on new theory, empirical evidence of implementation, critiques and the future of restorative justice. This companion is essential reading for scholars of restorative justice, criminology, social theory, psychology, law, human rights and criminal justice, as well as researchers, policymakers, practitioners and campaigners from around the world.

This Palgrave Pivot offers new readings of Maria Edgeworth's representations of slavery. It shows how Edgeworth employed satiric technique and intertextual allusion to represent discourses of slavery and abolition as a litmus test of character - one that she invites readers to use on themselves. Over the course of her career, Edgeworth repeatedly indicted hypocritical and hyperbolic misappropriation of the sentimental rhetoric that dominated the slavery debate. This book offers new readings of canonical Edgeworth texts as well as of largely neglected works, including: Whim for Whim, "The Good Aunt", Belinda, "The Grateful Negro", "The Two Guardians", and Harry and Lucy Continued. It also offers an unprecedented deep-dive into an important Romantic Era woman writer's engagement with discourses of slavery and abolition.

Suicide by Proxy became a major societal problem after 1650. Suicidal people committed capital crimes with the explicit goal of “earning� their executions, as a short-cut to their salvation. Desiring to die repentantly at the hands of divinely-instituted government, perpetrators hoped to escape eternal damnation that befell direct suicides. Kathy Stuart shows how this crime emerged as an unintended consequence of aggressive social disciplining campaigns by confessional states. Paradoxically, suicide by proxy exposed the limits of early modern state power, as governments struggled unsuccessfully to suppress the tactic. Some perpetrators committed arson or blasphemy, or confessed to long-past crimes, usually infanticide, or bestiality. Most frequently, however, they murdered young children, believing that their innocent victims would also enter paradise. The crime had cross-confessional appeal, as illustrated in case studies of Lutheran Hamburg and Catholic Vienna.

Based on extensive interdisciplinary research and the author's over 30 years of experience in the field, this book provides best practice skills for auditors and investigators in any type of investigation and adapts them to ensure they are relevant to a corporate environment where the powers available to police are absent. In addition to providing technical skills and practical advice on investigative interviewing, former police investigator Kevin Sweeney explains how to analyze information to assist in the investigation and to identify emerging trends to provide opportunities to prevent problems before they occur. Readers will come to understand legal concepts such as the chain of evidence, the psychological factors involved in questioning, and the sociological factors that can help to build a macro understanding of the organization and the event in question. This book will become an essential resource for professionals involved in auditing or investigation work of any type in the corporate or public sectors, in contexts including human resources, employee relation investigations, auditing, or where criminal activity is suspected.

This book focuses on border deaths at sea. It unravels how the interplay of the law of the sea and rules on jurisdiction widen the opportunity for states to make and enforce rules outside their territory, and questions whether this is also accompanied with an obligation to respect the right to life under the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) when doing so. By embarking upon the challenge of analysing a cross-border phenomenon in which direct encounters between state agents and the victims are few through the lens of legal obligations, the book unearths avenues for arguing that the ECHR is applicable to border deaths on the high seas and showcases the Court's creativity in bridging the gap between the Convention and people in need of protection. Furthermore, it demonstrates that the ECHR is applicable to border deaths occurring within the territorial seas of states. It discusses the right to life, as well as the specific obligations of states in respect to border deaths at sea, and demonstrates that in many instances, EU policies fall short of the standards set under the right to life. This book will be of key interest to scholars, students and practitioners in migrant rights, international human rights law, public international law including, refugee and migration law, maritime law, and security studies.