This textbook provides an overview of the overlap between the criminal justice system and mental health for students of criminology and criminal justice. It provides an accessible overview of basic signs and symptoms of major mental illnesses and size of scope of justice-involved individuals with mental illness. In the United States, the law enforcement and the criminal justice system is often the first public service to be in contact with individuals suffering from mental illness or in mental distress. Those with untreated mental illnesses are often at higher risk for committing criminal acts, and due to a lack of mental health facilities, resources, and pervasive misconceptions about this population, those with mental illness often end up in the corrections system. This timely work covers the roles of each part of the criminal justice system interacting with mentally ill individuals, from law enforcement and first responders, social services, public health services, sentencing and corrections, to release and re-entry. It also addresses the crucial need of mental healthcare for criminal justice professionals, who suffer from high rates of job stress, PTSD, and other mental health issues. With new chapters on stigma, mental illness during and after disaster and crisis, and updates and new supplementary materials throughout, this book will be of interest to students of criminology and criminal justice, sociology, psychology, and public health. It will also be of interest to policy-makers and practitioners already working in the field, interacting with and addressing the needs of mentally ill individuals.

This book provides a critical study of environmental regulation and its enforcement in New Zealand, situated within green criminology. It seeks to address the question of whether the offences in the Resource Management Act 1991 are 'working', by drawing on a range of sources including: central government data, local government policies and reports on enforcement, information requests of councils, studies of local authority enforcement behaviour and case law to. Through highly layered and richly textured analysis, the project exposes the problems that can arise when an expansive approach is taken to offences, penalties and institutional arrangements in an environmental regulatory statute. It emphasizes how discussions of harm and what should be unlawful will ensure that law-makers' enforcement tools will align with their goals for punishment. It examines higher-level issues such as 'wrongfulness' and 'criminality' in the environmental regulatory context and explores the relevance of its findings to jurisdictions outside of New Zealand. It also discusses the pros and cons of criminalisation and punishment versus restoration. It speaks to those interested in green criminology, regulatory compliance and enforcement, and applications of criminal law.

This book addresses the problem of religiously based conflict and violence via six case studies. It stresses particularly the structural and relational aspects of religion as providing a sense of order and a networked structure that enables people to pursue quite prosaic and earthly concerns. The book examines how such concerns link material and spiritual salvation into a holy alliance. As such, whilst the religions concerned may be different, they address the same problems and provide similar explanations for meaning, success, and failure in life. Each author has conducted their own field-work in the religiously based conflict regions they discuss, and together the collection offers perspectives from a variety of different national backgrounds and disciplines.

This volume addresses the underlying intersections of race, class, and gender on immigrant girls' experiences living in the US. It examines the impact of acculturation and assimilation on Ethiopian girls' academic achievement, self-identity, and perception of beauty. The authors employ Critical Race Theory, Critical Race Feminism, and Afrocentricity to situate the study and unpack the narratives shared by these newcomers as they navigate social contexts rife with racism, xenophobia, and other forms of oppression. Lastly, the authors examine the implications of Ethiopian immigrant identities and experiences within multicultural education, policy development, and society.

This open access book explores the legal aspects of cybersecurity in Poland. The authors are not limited to the framework created by the NCSA (National Cybersecurity System Act - this act was the first attempt to create a legal regulation of cybersecurity and, in addition, has implemented the provisions of the NIS Directive) but may discuss a number of other issues. The book presents international and EU regulations in the field of cybersecurity and issues pertinent to combating cybercrime and cyberterrorism. Moreover, regulations concerning cybercrime in a few select European countries are presented in addition to the problem of collision of state actions in ensuring cybersecurity and human rights. The advantages of the book include a comprehensive and synthetic approach to the issues related to the cybersecurity system of the Republic of Poland, a research perspective that takes as the basic level of analysis issues related to the security of the state and citizens, and the analysis of additional issues related to cybersecurity, such as cybercrime, cyberterrorism, and the problem of collision between states ensuring security cybernetics and human rights. The book targets a wide range of readers, especially scientists and researchers, members of legislative bodies, practitioners (especially judges, prosecutors, lawyers, law enforcement officials), experts in the field of IT security, and officials of public authorities. Most authors are scholars and researchers at the War Studies University in Warsaw. Some of them work at the Academic Centre for Cybersecurity Policy - a thinktank created by the Ministry of National Defence of the Republic of Poland.

This book explores violence against the environment within the broad scope of transnational environmental crime (TEC): its extent, perpetrators, and responses. TEC has become one of the greatest threats to environmental and human security today, as well as a lucrative enterprise and a mode of life in many regions of the world. Transnational Spheres of Ecoviolence argues that we cannot seriously consider stopping TEC without also promoting environmental (and climate) justice. The spheres covered range from wildlife and plant crime to illegal fisheries to toxic waste and climate crime. These acts of violence against the environment are both localized in terms of event and impact, and globalized in terms of market drivers and internationalized responses. Because it is so often intimately linked to political violence, coerced labor, economic and physical displacement, and development opportunity costs, ecoviolence must be viewed primarily as a human security issue; the fight against it must derive legitimacy from impacts on local communities, and be twinned wth the protection of environmental activists. Reliance on the generosity of distant corporations or the effectiveness of legal structures will not be adequate; and militarized responses may do more harm to human security than good to nature. A transformative approach to transnational ecoviolence is a very complex task affected by the geopolitics of neoliberalism, authoritarian states, rebel factions and extremists, socio-economic patterns, and many other factors. In this challenging text, the authors capture this complexity in digestible form and offer a wide-ranging discussion of commensurate policy recommendations for governments and the general public.

This book argues that "race" and "whiteness" are central to the construction of the modern world. Constructive Theology needs to take them seriously as primary theological problems. In doing so, Constructive Theology must fundamentally change its approach, and draw from the emerging field of Philosophy of Race. Christopher M. Baker develops a genealogy of race that understands "whiteness" as a kind secular soteriology, and develops a counternarrative theological method informed by resources from Philosophy of Race. He then deploys that method to read science fiction cinema and superhero stories as cultural, racial, and theological documents that can be critically engaged and redeployed as counternarratives to dominant racial narratives.

This book offers new insights and original empirical research on private military and security companies (PMSCs), including China's negotiation approach to governance, an account of Nigeria's first engagement with regulatory cooperation under the threat of Boko Haram, and a study of PMSCs in Ebola-hit Western Africa. The author engages with concepts and theories from IR, Political Economy, and African studies-like regime, forum shopping, and extraversion-to describe what shapes state choices in national and international fora. The volume clarifies and spells out the needed questions and definitions and proposes a synthesis of how regime formation is shaped by ideas, interests, and institutions, starting from the proposition that regulatory cooperation consists in facilitating the acceptance and use of a single identifier for private military and security companies.

This open access book examines the magnitude, causes of, and reactions to white-collar crime, based on the theories and research of those who have uncovered various forms of white-collar crime. It argues that the offenders who are convicted represent only 'the tip of the iceberg' of a much greater problem: because white-collar crime is forced to compete with other kinds of financial crime like social security fraud for police resources and so receives less attention and fewer investigations. Gottschalk and Gunnesdal also offer insights into estimation techniques for the shadow economy, in an attempt to comprehend the size of the problem. Holding broad appeal for academics, practitioners in public administration, and government agencies, this innovative study serves as a timely starting point for examining the lack of investigation, detection, and conviction of powerful white-collar criminals.

Forensic Art Therapy is designed as an educational and informative resource for individuals from a diverse array of disciplines that engage in investigatory undertakings, interview victims and witnesses, and provide evidentiary testimony. The material presented serves as a primer for professionals that may potentially present in court on behalf of a client. Ethical issues inherent in the forensic arena and the use of novel scientific evidence in the form of drawing as well as legal proceedings, testimonial capability, and practical tips and strategies for effective witnessing are shared. Research regarding an art therapy-based investigative interview process, the Common Interview Guideline (CIG), examines the facilitative factor associated with the effect of drawing. When utilized as a primary resource within investigative interviews, drawing has the potential to offer support, promote empowerment and enhance disclosure. Understanding how drawing functions in investigative interviews and what it offers for the child, the team and the process contributes to on-going research and best practice. The text serves as a resource and a handbook for students and professionals that investigate and intervene when maltreatment is suspected including child protection, law enforcement, prosecution, advocacy, the judiciary, creative arts therapies, and allied practitioners in medicine and mental health.

Key Readings in Criminology provides a comprehensive single-volume collection of readings in criminology. It provides students with convenient access to a broad range of excerpts (over 150 readings) from original criminological texts and key articles, and is designed to be used either as a stand-alone text or in conjunction with the same author's textbook, Criminology.
This volume can be used in a number of ways in support of the study of criminology:

• as a source of both key and supplementary reading for lectures
• as the basis for organized reading in advance of seminars and tutorials
• as the basis for classroom discussion and analysis
• as a broad source of reading for exam revision
• in addition it provides students with access to a broad range of materials with which to follow up their reading of their main textbook
• includes readings that include both more recent summaries of particularly important criminological issues as well as excerpts from criminological classics
• introduces students not only to criminological argument and debate but also encourages them to read primary as well as secondary or summary sources.

Laws subject people who perform sex work to arrest and prosecution. The Compassionate Court? assesses two prostitution diversion programs (PDPs) that offer to "rehabilitate" people arrested for street-based sex work as an alternative to incarceration. However, as the authors show, these PDPs often fail to provide sustainable alternatives to their mandated clients. Participants are subjected to constant surveillance and obligations, which creates a paradox of responsibility in conflict with the system's logic of rescue. Moreover, as the participants often face shame and re-traumatization as a price for services, poverty and other social problems, such as structural oppression, remain in place. The authors of The Compassionate Court? provide case studies of such programs and draw upon interviews and observations conducted over a decade to reveal how participants and professionals perceive court-affiliated PDPs, clients, and staff. Considering the motivations, vision, and goals of these programs as well as their limitations-the inequity and disempowerment of their participants-the authors also present their own changing perspectives on prostitution courts, diversion programs, and criminalization of sex work.

This book brings together literature, empirical research findings from two projects, and policy analysis to examine how some forces in England have adopted the approach of treating crimes against sex workers as hate crimes. This book identifies some of the benefits of the hate crime approach to crimes against sex workers, both operationally and for some of the victims of crime. The authors argue that the hate crime approach should not be seen as an alternative to decriminalisation of sex work but can provide a pathway to achieving more sensitive but robust policing of crimes against sex workers and support in accessing justice through the criminal justice system. They also examine the broader context of hate crime policy and scholarship as they debate the relevance, problems and merits of the sex work hate crime model. The book provides another dimension to current theoretical and policy debates about widening definitions and law around hate crime to include other groups beyond existing protected characteristics.

This book provides a philosophical account of the normative status of killing in Buddhism. Its argument theorises on relevant Buddhist philosophical grounds the metaphysical, phenomenological and ethical dimensions of the distinct intentional classes of killing, in dialogue with some elements of Western philosophical thought. In doing so, it aims to provide a descriptive account of the causal bases of intentional killing, a global justification and elucidation of Buddhist norms regarding killing, and an intellectual response to and critique of alternative conceptions of such norms presented in recent Buddhist Studies scholarship. It examines early and classical Buddhist accounts of the evaluation of killing, systematising and rationally assessing these claims on both Buddhist and contemporary Western philosophical grounds. The book provides the conceptual foundation for the discussion, engaging original reconstructive philosophical analyses to both bolster and critique classical Indian Buddhist positions on killing and its evaluation, as well as contemporary Buddhist Studies scholarship concerning these positions. In doing so, it provides a systematic and critical account of the subject hitherto absent in the field. Engaging Buddhist philosophy from scholastic dogmatics to epistemology and metaphysics, this book is relevant to advanced students and scholars in philosophy and religious studies.

This edited book provides a comprehensive survey of the modern state of the art in forensic linguistics. Part I of the book focuses on the role of the linguist as an expert witness in common law and civil law jurisdictions, the relation of expert witnesses and lawyers, ethics standards, and courtroom interaction. Part II deals with some of the major areas of expertise of forensic linguistics as the scientific study of language as evidence, namely authorship identification, speaker identification, text authentication, deception and lie detection, plagiarism detection, and cyber language crimes. This book is intended to be used as a reference for academics, students and practitioners of Linguistics, Forensic Linguistics, Law, Criminology, and Forensic Psychology, among other disciplines.

By exploring crimmigration at its intersection with international refugee law, this book exposes crimmigration as a system focused on the governance of territorially present migrants, which internalizes the impracticability of removal and replaces expulsion with domestic policing. The convergence of criminal law and immigration law, known as crimmigration, has become perhaps the paradigmatic model for governing migration in the age of globalization. This book offers a unique way of understanding crimmigration as a system of governmentality, the primary target of which is the population, its principal form of knowledge being political economy, and its essential mechanism being the apparatus of security. It does so by characterizing a particular model of crimmigration, termed crimmigration under international protection, which targets refugees and asylum-seekers who are principally undeportable under international law. The book draws on a comparative research of such models implemented worldwide, combined with a detailed case study of the immigration detention system instigated in Israel for coping with asylum-seekers specifically and exclusively. These models demonstrate that, at its core, crimmigration is not a system of outright social exclusion focused on the expulsion of undesirable migrants, but rather one focused on the management, classification and policing of domestic populations. It is argued that under crimmigration regimes criminal law becomes instrumental in the facilitation of gradual assimilation, by shifting immigration enforcement from the margins of the state to the daily supervision of territorially present migrants. The book illustrates this point by focusing on three main themes: crimmigration as domestication; crimmigration as civic stratification; and crimmigration as a mechanism coined by Foucault as the apparatus of security and by Deleuze as the society of control. By exploring these themes, the book offers a comprehensive framework for understanding the rise of crimmigration and the particular ways in which it targets resident migrants. The book will be of interest to researchers and academics working in the areas of Criminal law and Criminology, Immigration law, Citizenship Studies, Globalization Studies, Border Studies and Critical Refugee Studies.

Wildfire arson is often considered an impossible crime to solve. Likewise, offenders frequently consider themselves undetectable. And many agencies often do not have the specialist skills necessary to investigate those responsible for serial wildfire ignitions. As such, perpetrators continue to light fires with little to no likelihood of being caught. An ongoing series of deliberately lit wildfires can result in significant financial and environmental consequences and put life and property at risk. This Wildlife Arson Prevention Guide provides law enforcement, land management and fire agency investigators with frameworks, strategies, and tactics-that can be adopted to address deliberate wildfire ignitions in their jurisdiction. Often this crime is automatically given to law enforcement agencies to solve in isolation, whereas a collaborative approach across key agencies has proven essential in apprehending offenders. This valuable guidebook fills a void in the literature, detailing a collaborative approach through the adoption of successful best practice investigation techniques. Many may be applicable to-and better serve-smaller rural communities, while others can be adopted in more populated wildfire prone areas. The book recognises that some small rural agencies may have less capacity to address the issue and may need to modify the recommended methods; ideally, the text encourages the establishment of collaborative arrangements to work with larger or adjoining agencies, to help solve their serial wildfire arson cases. The book highlights successfully adopted measures that can be embraced by key agencies who have a responsibility in wildfire ignition prevention. Currently, no similar all-encompassing handbook exists to guide agencies to address this growing worldwide problem. The strategies and tactics are presented in a format that can be easily aligned to jurisdictions within countries that are at risk of wildfire. The commonly recognised motives behind wildfire arson are detailed to provide agency investigators a background to this often-misunderstood offence. The Wildlife Arson Prevention Guide provides the tools that will help authorities to identify those responsible and result in stronger, safer communities.

It is time to disrupt current criminological discourses which still exclude the perspectives of black scholars. Through the lens of black art, Martin Glynn explores the relevance black artistic contributions have for understanding crime and justice. Through art forms including black crime fiction, black theatre and black music, this book brings much needed attention to marginalized perspectives within mainstream criminology. Refining academic and professional understandings of race, racialization and intersectional aspects of crime, this text provides a platform for the contributions to criminology which are currently rendered invisible.

Winner of the British Society of Criminology Annual Book Prize 2022. As the labour market continues to exploit workers by offering precarious, low-paid and temporary jobs, for some duality offers much-needed flexibility and staves off poverty. Based on extensive empirical work, this book illustrates contemporary accounts of individuals taking extraordinary risks to hold jobs in both sex industries and non-sex work employment. It also opens a dialogue about how sex industries are stratified in the UK in terms of race and culture against the backdrop of Brexit. Debunking stereotypes of sex workers and challenging our stigmatisation of them, this book makes an invaluable contribution to discourses about work, society and future policy.

Crime and Justice offers a comprehensive introduction to the U.S criminal justice system through fifteen historical and contemporary case studies. The third edition has been revised and streamlined throughout, featuring new material on race, the war on drugs, police violence, "stand your ground" laws and gun laws, and more. Each chapter opens with an engaging case study followed by an explanatory chapter that teaches core concepts, key terms, and critical issues. The cases serve multiple learning objectives: illustrating concepts applied in real life; exploring sociological issues of race, class, gender, and power; and teaching students the law and processes of the justice system. Crime and Justice is excellent for any course that introduces students to the criminal justice system. A complimentary Instructor's Manual and Test Bank are available, as well as an open-access Companion Website for students that includes interactive flashcards, links to online video and media, and other learning material. Visit http://textbooks.rowman.com/boyes-watson3e or email [email protected] for more information.

This volume is a new chapter in the future history of law. Its general perspective could not be more original and its critical ethical edge on the state of international law could not be timelier. It explores a compassionate philosophical approach to the genuine substance of law, criminal procedure, international criminal law and international criminal justice. It divides law into three interrelated disciplines, i.e. legality, morality and love. The norm love is derived from human reason for man's advancement and the securing of natural law. It is more than a mere mandatory norm. Its goal is to generate a normative and positive, powerful result, therefore avoiding any impurity that may exist in the application of other norms because of political or juridical pressures - a one-eyed justice. The norm love also renders justice with the principles of legal accountability, transparency and the high moral, authentic values of humanity. The notion of justice cannot be trusted in the absence of the norm love. The volume indicates the conditions of its efficiency by proving the reasons for its existence in the context of fairness, objectivity and concern for all individuals and entities. The concept of the norm love should be the core academic corpus for lecturing law in all faculties of law. It is simply the enlightenment of the 21st century. A lawyer with requisite knowledge and skill is not a lawyer if he cannot understand that the law does not need a lawyer with ethical competence in its provisions for income purposes but one with knowledge of its essence for the advanced morality of justice and the sheer essence of love for justice.

Criminology lost a world leader with the untimely death of Richard Ericson in 2007. Ericson was one of the most prolific, influential and widely cited criminologists of his generation, producing monumental and pathbreaking works on how the criminal justice system and other key institutions attempt to control crime, manage risk and produce security. This volume, edited by three of Professor Ericson's colleagues and co-authors, presents a sampling of Ericson's acclaimed work on such topics as juvenile justice, policing, the courts, the media, the insurance industry, and national security. The book is required reading for scholars interested in understanding the dynamics of crime, risk and security and for those eager to learn more about one of the field's most important and innovative researchers and scholars.

Terrorism Awareness: Understanding the Threat and How You Can Protect Yourself provides readers a foundational understanding of the threats that face us every day. The goal is to introduce readers to different tactics and techniques used by terrorists-both international and domestic-to better understand personal protection concepts and, if necessary, take actions to make themselves "hard targets" that terrorist organizations will want to avoid. This includes providing a background on understanding how terrorists operate, and, more specifically, how to recognize the pre-incident indicators associated with terrorist operations. Coverage includes situation awareness of the phases of terrorist operations, common attacks, surveillance and targeting tactics, kidnapping and hostage situations, bombings and blast effects, hijacking, armed assaults, and more. With such awareness, readers can be alert to common cues to avoid dangerous situations, as well as familiarize themselves with various actions they can take to better protect themselves. Sometimes certain events may arise which are unavoidable and, in those cases, learning how to best mitigate those scenarios can mean life or death and provide the best opportunity for safety and survival. Terrorism Awareness is a helpful guide to provide anyone working or traveling in the United States or overseas-particularly in potentially volatile places subject to terrorism or civil unrest-the tools they need to recognize potential threats and to keep themselves, and those they are with, safe.

This book, first published in 1930 and reissued in 1961, examines the Western phenomenon of the rise of the 'mass-man'. Analysing the state of society before the Second World War, acclaimed philosopher Ortega y Gasset lays bare the problems that faced the countries of Europe in a book that resonates today in the imposition of direct action over discussion.

Gender Inclusive Policing: Challenges and Achievements is an edited collection focused on current challenges, innovations, and positive achievements in gender integration in policing in different subject domains and locations. Comprised of essays from expert contributors from across the globe, the book covers a variety of topics including jurisdictional achievements (South Africa, British Isles, Scandinavian countries, Australia), women in leadership (achievements and methods, merit and affirmative action issues), performance comparisons (conduct, ethics, peacebuilding), intersectionality (Indigenous women), and women's police stations (South America). The book explores and grapples with issues of recruitment, deployment, and promotion; obstacles to equity; effective integration strategies; management, conduct, and policing styles; race and ethnicity; and specialization. It is an essential resource providing practical exemplars for police managers involved in gender equity programs and for professionals involved in advanced-level research, teaching, and consulting.