This book offers a complete account of Contextual Safeguarding theory, policy, and practice frameworks for the first time. It highlights the particular challenge of extra-familial routes through which young people experience significant harm, such as child sexual exploitation, criminal exploitation, serious youth violence, domestic abuse in teenage relationships, bullying, gang-association, and radicalisation. Through analysing case reviews, observing professionals, and co-creating practices with them, Firmin provides a personal, philosophical, strategic, and practical account of the design, implementation and future of Contextual Safeguarding. Drawing together a wealth of practice examples, case studies, policy references, and practitioner insights for the first time, this book articulates a new safeguarding framework and provides a detailed account of its translation across an entire child protection system and its relevant component parts. It will be of interest to all scholars, students, and professionals working within social work, youth justice and youth work, policing and law enforcement, community safety, council services, forensic and clinical psychology, counselling, health, and education.

Athletes are always aiming to be faster, better, stronger. New techniques to enhance their sporting performance have increasingly been linked to use of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) and other hard-to-detect substances like performance-enhancing drugs. This book offers a timely analysis of the new challenges posed by this phenomenon in the anti-doping community. The authors present the first comprehensive perspective on the rapidly shifting doping scenario and reflect on use, regulation, policy, and market structure of NPS used in sports. They highlight the challenges with the list of prohibited substances and methods in and out of competition. They also evaluate how methods to detect new drugs present an ongoing battle for doping control as they have to be adapted constantly. Topics covered within the chapters include: Contamination of Sports Supplements with Novel Psychoactive Substances Untested Supplement Use Among Athletes: An Overlooked Phenomenon? International Drug Control: Protecting the Health of the Athlete Analysis of New Chemical Entities in a Sport Context Emerging Drugs in Sport establishes a clear benchmark on the policy discussion, drawing from available evidence and sources, including athletes' personal experiences, to generate a fact-based resource that informs a research as well as wider audience. The book is essential reading for those working in anti-doping, substance misuse, sports, ethics, and human enhancement. It also is useful for policy-makers, legislative personnel, and other professionals with an interest in protecting clean sport. "Doping is one of the greatest threats to the integrity of sport. We must never be tempted to turn our back on the problem and hope it will disappear. The benefits and values of clean sport have never been more important to the world. That is why this book with its wide-ranging approach is so valuable." Thomas Bach, President, International Olympic Committee "Physical activity is vital to a healthy living, which is why doping is not just an assault on fair competition, but also on health. I strongly commend this book for compiling advanced knowledge on performance-enhancing drugs and promoting health through sport." Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General, World Health Organization

The arduous, confusing and fraught journey that immigrants take through immigration court Each year, hundreds of thousands of migrants are moved through immigration court. With a national backlog surpassing one million cases, court hearings take years and most migrants will eventually be ordered deported. The Slow Violence of Immigration Court sheds light on the experiences of migrants from the "Northern Triangle" (Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador) as they navigate legal processes, deportation proceedings, immigration court, and the immigration system writ large. Grounded in the illuminating stories of people facing deportation, the family members who support them, and the attorneys who defend them, The Slow Violence of Immigration Court invites readers to question matters of fairness and justice and the fear of living with the threat of deportation. Although the spectacle of violence created by family separation and deportation is perceived as extreme and unprecedented, these long legal proceedings are masked in the mundane and are often overlooked, ignored, and excused. In an urgent call to action, Maya Pagni Barak deftly demonstrates that deportation and family separation are not abhorrent anomalies, but are a routine, slow form of violence at the heart of the U.S. immigration system.

This book discusses private policing conducted by fraud examiners and financial crime specialists when there is suspicion of white-collar crime. The theory of convenience applies to the suspected crime, while the maturity model applies to the conducted investigation. Private policing of economic crime by fraud examiners in internal investigations is a topic of increasing concern as there is a growing business for law firms and auditing firms to conduct inquiries and reviews when there is suspicion of misconduct, wrongdoing, and crime by white-collar offenders. The key features of this book are the application of a structural model for convenience theory and the application of a maturity model for fraud examinations. The structural model assesses convenience themes for motive, opportunity, and willingness in each case study, while the maturity model assesses the level of private policing maturity in fraud examinations. For the first time, two emerging frameworks to study white-collar offenses and private policing maturity are introduced and applied to a number of cases from Denmark, Iceland, Moldova, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland. This book will be essential to those studying law, business, and criminology, as well as practicing fraud examiners.

Often examined separately, this timely volume provides a detailed exploration of the nexus between family violence and sexual offending. Recognising family and sexual violence as highly interrelated issues, it uncovers the challenges and paradoxes of addressing them as separate versus coinciding problems. What is lost and gained when we treat family violence and sexual offending according to the same framework? Light is shed on the nature and dynamics of offending; various terminology (e.g., domestic abuse, intimate partner violence, grooming, coercive control); political and policy contexts; myths and misconceptions; policing and investigative responses; children as overlooked victim-survivors; and the punishment and treatment of offenders. Drawing on international literature, case studies, and stakeholder interviews, the book encourages critical consideration to inform future policy, practise, and research, ultimately prompting stronger approaches to reflect victim-survivors' realities and needs. The book is relevant to the work of professionals in the social service and criminal justice sectors (e.g., police, policymakers, social workers, advocates, and counsellors), and will be of key interest to researchers and students in diverse academic fields such as criminology, forensic psychology, social work, and socio-legal studies.

Cybercrime continues to skyrocket but we are not combatting it effectively yet. We need more cybercrime investigators from all backgrounds and working in every sector to conduct effective investigations. This book is a comprehensive resource for everyone who encounters and investigates cybercrime, no matter their title, including those working on behalf of law enforcement, private organizations, regulatory agencies, or individual victims. It provides helpful background material about cybercrime's technological and legal underpinnings, plus in-depth detail about the legal and practical aspects of conducting cybercrime investigations. Key features of this book include: Understanding cybercrime, computers, forensics, and cybersecurity Law for the cybercrime investigator, including cybercrime offenses; cyber evidence-gathering; criminal, private and regulatory law, and nation-state implications Cybercrime investigation from three key perspectives: law enforcement, private sector, and regulatory Financial investigation Identification (attribution) of cyber-conduct Apprehension Litigation in the criminal and civil arenas. This far-reaching book is an essential reference for prosecutors and law enforcement officers, agents and analysts; as well as for private sector lawyers, consultants, information security professionals, digital forensic examiners, and more. It also functions as an excellent course book for educators and trainers. We need more investigators who know how to fight cybercrime, and this book was written to achieve that goal. Authored by two former cybercrime prosecutors with a diverse array of expertise in criminal justice and the private sector, this book is informative, practical, and readable, with innovative methods and fascinating anecdotes throughout.

This book presents a global overview of racism against immigrants within and in the name of the welfare state. Rich in documents and historical perspective, it analyses politics, practices, and discourses of welfare racism through the exam of discriminatory laws, measures and speeches by institutional actors, public figures, and organizations. The strength and persistence of this form of racism are due to several factors, including racism's structural position in modern society, a colonial root of welfare state, the intrinsic limits of social rights in capitalism, and punitive migration policies. An instrument of selection, exclusion and stigmatisation, welfare racism is a distinguishing feature of anti-immigrant institutional policies, which became specially aggressive in the neoliberal era with the dismantling of the welfare state and social rights. Integrating perspectives from Belgium, Brazil, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States, welfare racism results a global and structured phenomenon concerning world labour as a whole, producing inequalities and division in the working class.

The Kidnapping of the first son of aviator Charles Lindbergh became the crime of the century and defined "media circus." As much as the world in the 1930's loved "Lucky Lindy" for his flight from New York to Paris, so the world despised the kidnapper of the Lindbergh's child. Although the crime occurred in New Jersey, the FBI maintained complete files on the case, because ransom money crossed state lines. These are the complete, never-published, FBI files on the Lindbergh baby kidnapping. The files end with the single word PENDING, as the case was still in progress. This is time stopped in 1934.

The Palgrave Handbook of Sexual Ethics is a comprehensive collection of recent research on the ethics of sexual behavior, representing a wide range of perspectives. It addresses a number of traditional subjects in the area, including questions about pre-marital, extra-marital, non-heterosexual, and non-procreative sex, and about the nature and significance of sexual consent, sexual desire, and sexual activity, as well as a variety of more recent topics, including sexual racism, sexual ableism, sex robots, and the #metoo response to sexual harassment. Each chapter defends a substantive thesis about the topic it addresses and the handbook as a whole thereby provides a strong foundation for future research in this important and growing field of inquiry.

What Works (and Doesn't) in Reducing Recidivism offers criminologists and students an evidence-based discussion of the latest trends in corrections. Experts Latessa, Johnson, and Koetzle translate the research and findings about what works and doesn't work in reducing recidivism into understandable concepts and terms, presenting them in a way that illustrates the value of research to practice. Over the last several decades, research has clearly shown that rehabilitation efforts can be effective in reducing recidivism among criminal offenders, but it is clear that treatment is not a one-size-fits-all approach. Offenders vary by gender, age, crime type, and/or addictions, to name but a few ways, and these individual needs must be addressed by providers. Finally, issues such as leadership, quality of staff, and evaluation efforts affect the quality and delivery of treatment services. While other texts have addressed issues regarding treatment in corrections, this text is unique in that it not only discusses the research on "what works" but also addresses the implementation issues faced as practitioners move from theory to practice, as well as the importance of staff, leadership, and evaluation efforts. This book synthesizes the vast research for the student interested in correctional rehabilitation as well as for the practitioner working with offenders.

This important book addresses a number of key issues regarding the relationship between the rule of law and development. It presents a deep and insightful inquiry into the current orthodoxy that the rule of law is the panacea for the world's problems. The authors chart the precarious progress of law reforms both in overall terms and in specific policy areas such as the judiciary, the police, tax administration and access to justice, among others. They accept that the rule of law is necessarily tied to the success of development, although they propose a set of procedural values to enlighten this institutional approach. The authors also recognize that states face difficulties in implementing this institutional structures and identify the probable impediments, before proposing a rethink of law reform strategies and offering some conclusions about the role of the international community in the rule of law reform. Reviewing the progress in the rule of law reform in developing countries, specifically four regions - Latin America, Africa, Central and Eastern Europe, and Asia - this book makes a significant contribution to the literature. It will be of great interest to scholars and advanced students, as well as practitioners in the field, including international and bilateral aid agencies working on rule of law reform projects, and international and regional non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that focus on rule of law reform as a major aspect of their mandate.

Blackstone's Police Investigators' Q&A 2018 is the essential revision tool for all candidates sitting the National Investigators' Examination (NIE) examinations. Written in partnership with the best-selling Blackstone's Investigators' Manual, the only study guide endorsed by the College of Policing, the Q&A consists of over 200 multiple-choice questions arranged in the same order as the chapters in the Manual, providing the most authoritative means of self-testing outside of the NIE. With four parts, General Principles, Police Powers and Procedures; Serious Crime and Other Offences; Property Offences; and Sexual Offences, reflecting the Manual, Blackstone's Police Investigators' Q&A presents you with the only format of questions you will see in an NIE examination: Type A. Each question has a detailed and comprehensive answer that highlights not only the correct response, but also the reasoning behind the incorrect responses, allowing you to highlight any gaps or weaknesses in your knowledge. Full cross-references to the relevant Manual paragraphs and Keynotes encourage more effective studying, while a question checklist helps you track your progress. The introductory chapters also contain a useful section on how to study for the NIE, including advice on how to approach multiple-choice questions, practical exam techniques, and a 14-week revision plan. Fully updated for the 2018 syllabus, including coverage of relevant new legislation, the Policing and Crime Act 2017, including changes to pre-charge bail and key revisions to the PACE Codes, new legislation under the Psychoactive Substances Act 2016 and the Investigatory Powers Act 2016, and significant case law decisions. This product is not endorsed by the College of Policing.

The book examines contemporary immigration policy and immigrant assimilation with a focus on the adoption of sanctuary ordinances in US local governments in connection with Latino in-migration. It also investigates the adoption of anti-immigrant settlement local ordinances in many local governments with particular focus on local law enforcement positions taken on enforcement of federal immigration laws. The book investigates a wide range of county-level characteristics of 3,000+ U.S. counties (e.g., socio-economic and demographic traits, political culture, social capital, religious denominations present, etc.) to identify correlates of pro- and anti-immigrant settlement. The book also features the analysis of a national survey and three targeted surveys in pro-immigration (San Francisco), divided (Maricopa), and anti-immigration (Tulsa) counties to explore the individual-level factors associated with sentiments on immigration policy. Finally, the book presents findings from two case studies where active encouragement of Latino settlement (Twin Falls, ID) and active opposition (Hazleton, PA) characterize local reaction to Latino in-migration. The mixed methods study leads the authors to conclude that a funnel of causality concept, path dependency, pro-social attitudes, and the concepts of moral panic and moral dialogue collectively lead to great insight into the question of why some communities are open and accepting while others are exclusionary.

Although they account for only ten percent of all murders, those attributed to women seem especially likely to captivate the public. This absorbing book examines why that is true and how some women, literally, get away with murder. Combining compelling storytelling with insightful observations, the book invites readers to take a close look at ten high-profile killings committed by American women. The work exposes the forces that underlie the public's fascination with female killers and determine why these women so often become instant celebrities. Cases are paired by motive-love, money, revenge, self-defense, and psychopathology. Through them, the authors examine the appeal of women who commit murders and show how perceptions of their crimes are shaped. The book details both the crimes and the criminals as it explores how pop culture treats stereotypes of female murderers in film and print. True crime aficionados will be fascinated by the minute descriptions of what happened and why, while pop culture enthusiasts will appreciate the lens of societal norms through which these cases are examined.

The wide-ranging scope of the "Handbook of Life-Course Criminology "covers genetics and environment, child offenders and late bloomers, the impact of school and peers, lifelong and time-limited criminal careers, and qualitative and quantitative methodologies. This unique "Handbook "is further set apart by its dual coverage of the leading edge of current research and innovative directions for future work in the field.
Pathways to crime have been a central concept of criminology from its inception. Accordingly, a lifespan approach to the field has replaced earlier biological and sociological perspectives with a more nuanced understanding of offender behavior and a wider lens of study. The contributions to this "Handbook" break down issues of criminal and antisocial behavior from early childhood to late adulthood, examining developmentally targeted prevention and intervention strategies and reviewing emerging trends in research. Among the topics:

. Childhood: including physical aggression in childhood, pre- and peri-natal development, and environment.

. Adolescence: the impact of schooling, unstructured time with peers, gang membership and peer networks.

. Adulthood: Adult onset crime, unemployment in emerging adulthood, crime and adult outcomes.

. Prevention and Intervention: community programs, lifetime intervention strategies, re-entry.

This volume will be a valuable piece for researchers in Criminology and Criminal Justice as well as related disciplines such as Sociology, Developmental Psychology, and Social Policy. It will serve as an important reference for the current state of research, as well as a roadmap for future scholars.

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""This impressive Handbook provides comprehensive coverage of key developmental and life course issues in criminology from birth to adulthood, including biology, genetics, gangs, schools, neighborhoods, adult onset, desistance, and interventions. The research recommendations in each chapter are especially important, and they should stimulate advances in knowledge for many years to come. This Handbook should be required reading for all criminologists."
"David P. Farrington, Professor of Psychological Criminology, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK" "

""In just a few decades developmental criminology has become the dominant intellectual force in criminology. This volume demonstrates why. It provides incisive reviews of important themes in developmental criminology. More importantly, it lays out rich agendas for future research that should inspire the next generation of developmental criminologists."
"Daniel S. Nagin," " Teresa and H. John Heinz III University Professor of Public Policy and Statistics, Carnegie Melon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA "

Here is the most up-to-the-minute interdisciplinary research that has been conducted on older offenders. This scholarly volume highlights the dimensions of the offenses committed by older adults and features empirical research addressing the sentencing alternatives applied to older offenders. Academicians and practitioners also provide much-needed insight into the management and correctional issues that arise with the incarceration of older offenders, including adjustment to prison life, physical and emotional health care, and rehabilitation and/or preparation of the offender for the return to life outside prison.

While conducting research into crimes, the treatment of crimes and the aim of these treatments, Thomas was frustrated by the lack of an available classification system that organized this material. This book was written to end that frustration. By looking at existing and potential misdeeds, sanctions and the stated goals of these sanctions, Thomas discovered a method to organize this information. Classifying Reactions to Wrongdoing provides three comprehensive taxonomies for categorizing (1) crimes, sins, breaches of custom, and other misdeeds, (2) sanctions and treatments which people recommend perpetrators of misdeeds should experience, and (3) the aims of such sanctions and treatments. This unique book would be of interest to psychologists, sociologists, criminologists, philosophers, and others interested in ethics, law, and moral development.

The interaction between military and civilian courts, the political power that legal prerogatives can provide to the armed forces, and the difficult process civilian politicians face in reforming military justice remain glaringly under-examined, despite their implications for the quality and survival of democracy. This book breaks new ground by providing a theoretically rich, global examination of the operation and reform of military courts in democratic countries. Drawing on a newly created dataset of 120 countries over more than two centuries, it presents the first comprehensive picture of the evolution of military justice across states and over time. Combined with qualitative historical case studies of Colombia, Portugal, Indonesia, Fiji, Brazil, Pakistan, and the United States, the book presents a new framework for understanding how civilian actors are able to gain or lose legal control of the armed forces. The book's findings have important lessons for scholars and policymakers working in the fields of democracy, civil-military relations, human rights, and the rule of law.

This edited collection explores the topic of disclosure of evidence and information in the criminal justice process. The book critically analyses the major issues driving the long-standing problem of dysfunctional disclosure practice, with contributions from academics, lawyers, former police officers, and current police policymakers. The ultimate objective is to review the key problems at the investigative, trial and post-conviction stages of criminal proceedings, and to suggest a way forward through potential routes of reform, both legal and cultural. The collection represents a significant and novel contribution to the policy debate regarding disclosure, and advances thought on resolving this issue in a fair and sustainable manner. The book provides a valuable resource for academics, practitioners and policymakers working on this vital aspect of criminal procedure.

This historical annual is the major annual in the general area of the history of crime, the criminal courts, policing, and punishment in all geographical regions, from ancient to modern times. In addition to analytical articles, the annual provides reviews of the major books on these subjects and book review essays on new findings and methodologies. In this volume, the annual provides one of the first articles ever published on the history of crime and punishment in the former Soviet Union, several major articles on the history of policing in 19th century England, and one of the first published articles on policing and punishment in India. Essential reading for students and scholars in criminology, criminal justice, and policing.

This volume contains essays of the history of crime, punishment, and reform in Europe from the 18th century onward. It also contains two long book review essays, and 22 book reviews on major works that have appeared in the subject from the mid-1990s.

Knafla's introduction outlines the issues and themes that are contained in the essays and the reviews. As in the other volumes in this series, a comprehensive index identifies all subjects, names, and places in the volume. This is an important resource for scholars, students, and other researchers involved with criminal justice issues and European history.

* An authoritative and balanced overview of restorative justice. * An excellent primary text for courses on restorative justice and secondary text for courses on criminal law and justice. * Written by a strong team of authors, all engaged in the development of justice reform initiatives and programs.

As a global problem, human trafficking frequently victimizes the most vulnerable: children. Offenders often use the Internet as a vehicle for criminal activities, including acts to sexually exploit children. With Internet access growing exponentially, more children are online every day, increasing their risk of becoming involved in sexual exploitation or being treated as a commodity. Inconsistent law among States and their lack of cooperation across borders makes combatting this issue increasingly difficult. Therefore, it is crucial to establish legal and policy frameworks that can be used to fight practices of online child sexual exploitation and increase the effectiveness of States' responses. This book offers alternative solutions using a human rights approach and promotes multi-stakeholder collaboration in the context of corporate social responsibility to prevent and combat these offenses. This book explores the intersection of children's human rights, cybersex trafficking, and international legislation. It provides helpful insights for lawmakers, legal practitioners, scholars, law enforcement officers, child advocates, and students interested in human rights law, criminal law, and child protection.

This timely book provides for the therapist working with cases of intrafamily child sexual abuse both a theoretical background and practical information for the treatment of incest and gives new insight into the complex problems associated with incest. With the enactment of more stringent child abuse reporting laws nationwide and increased public education about the problem, there has been a dramatic increase in the need for incest-related psychotherapy. Treating Incest is an important source of information about the assessment and treatment of the family that will enable clinicians to provide appropriate crisis intervention for families and make informed judgments about referrals, if necessary. The book's central theme is that effective treatment of incest requires a systemic approach because incestuous activity is the product of a problematic family, rather than the cause. The book is divided into two helpful sections: assessment issues and treatment issues and techniques.

This book draws together empirical contributions which focus on conceptualising the lived realities of time and temporality in migrant lives and journeys. This book uncovers the ways in which human existence is often overshadowed by legislative interpretations of legal and illegalised. It unearths the consequences of uncertainty and unknowing for people whose futures often lay in the hands of states, smugglers, traffickers and employers that pay little attention to the significance of individuals' time and thus, by default, their very human existence. Overall, the collection draws perspectives from several disciplines and locations to advance knowledge on how temporal exclusion relates to social and personal processes of exclusion. It begins by conceptualising what we understand by 'time' and looks at how temporality and lived realities of time combine for people during and after processes of migration. As the book develops, focus is trained on temporality and survival during encampment, border transgression, everyday borders and hostility, detention, deportation and the temporal impacts of border deaths. This book both conceptualises and realises the lived experiences of time with regard to those who are afforded minimal autonomy over their own time: people living in and between borders.