This book explores the expansive economic experiences of India and China and charts the highlights of the new economic era of two ascending economic superpowers. It discusses the resonance of East and South-East Asian economics and the new dimension it has provided to the international arena. The current co-existence of boundless prosperity and endemic development is an impossible task and the author presents realistic solutions to sustaining these goals.

What made me write this book was a feeling that students of international economics needed to fill out their knowledge of the theory with work on the practice of the major international economic organizations, many of which are having a growing influence on the national economies of their members. There was no single volume given over to a concise treatment of these organizations. The annual reports of the international organizations themselves can be consulted, of course, but as a rule these are not noted for being brief and to the point (the items of importance have to be fished out of a sea of useless detail), nor do they go in for criticism of their own activities. In selecting the organizations to be dealt with in the book I was guided by the influence they exert. I have left out those whose activities consist mainly in the drafting of recommendations to which, however meritorious they may be, little or no attention is paid. Some of them are included in the Introduction, which provides a summary of a number of institutions not discussed separately in the body of the work. There are, however, two exceptions: the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) as the organization replac ing the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC), and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) whose meet ings have succeeded in drawing much attention of the press."

Financial resources of the magnitude, form, and character necessary to support changes in the structure of production in developing countries are essential for progress toward a new, more equitable international economic order. Inadequacies in the current monetary and financial system contribute to the underutilization of resources productive to developing countries and to the maintainence of economic imbalance. This volume demonstrates the need for a systematic attack on the acute problems of poverty and underdevelopment. It provides background information and data for those directly involved in the formulation of development theory and the implementation of development policy. The theory developed and practical experience discussed in these essays provide valuable perspectives on the continuing efforts to realign the international economic order.

This book tells the story of China's emergence as a major economic power and the huge impact this will have on world business. Over the last five years Peter Nolan has conducted a major investigation into Chinese industry, its economic structure, and the opportunities for growth in the future. As one of just four world experts invited by the Chinese Government to consult on their application to joint the World Trade Organisation he has worked closely with the heads of Chinese industry and with many foreign multinationals operating in China. China and the Global Economy is an executive summary of the opportunities for business in one of the largest markets in the world, by one passionate about its possibilities for the future.

A leading team of experts in the field examines how phenomena associated with globalization impact on political economy in theory and in practice. The volume employs a variety of theoretical and analytical approaches to examine the very changeable nature of the global political economy, in terms of academic analysis, policy, and practice.

In less developed countries (LDCs) there is considerable concern that the developments in the Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) may lead to a more inward looking European Union (EU). As EU trade, foreign investment and aid flows are diverted from LDCs towards the CEECs, close neighbours of the EU, a new dimension would be added to 'fortress Europe'. This volume consists of 11 chapters by scholars from the EU, the CEECs and LDCs. Each paper is discussed in terms of its policy relevance by a policy maker as well as by an academic specializing in the field. In the opening chapter we aim to do justice to the discussion during the Workshop in Rotterdam in May 1994 at which preliminary versions of all chapters were presented. Edited versions of the interventions by the policy makers and experts are included as far as possible after the chapters. A summary of the discussion is presented in the concluding remarks by Rolf Langhammer. The opinions expressed in this volume are those of the authors and not necessarily of their organizations. The editors XXI Foreword I am glad the first meeting of this network is on the developing country dimension of pan-European integration, for two reasons. Firstly, politi cal and economic liberalization in Central and Eastern Europe makes it possible, even necessary, to discuss such an issue."

Understanding the New Global Economy: A European Perspective argues that globalisation is facing economic and political headwinds. A new global economic geography is emerging, cross-border relationships are changing, and global governance structures must come to terms with a new multipolar world. This book clarifies the fundamental questions and trade-offs in this new global economy, and gives readers the tools to understand contemporary debates. It presents a range of possible policy options, without being prescriptive. Following a modular structure, each chapter takes a similar approach but can also be read as a stand-alone piece. State-of-the-art academic research and historical experiences are weaved throughout the book, and readers are pointed towards relevant sources of information . This text is an accessible guide to the contemporary world economy, suited to students of international economics, political economy, globalisation, and European studies. It will also be valuable reading for researchers, professionals, and general readers interested in economics, politics, and civil society.

This book assesses the extent of the authority that the Organisation of American States holds over the key issues confronting its member states. It explores the extent and significance of the transformation of the OAS since 1991: its roots, the reasons for and extent of its emergence, and the role that the organisation currently plays in the promotion of regional governance in the two key issue-areas of security and the defense and promotion of democratic norms and principles of good governance. By assessing where the OAS has succeeded and failed, Horwitz provides an in-depth explanation of how cooperation and consensus works in the Inter-American system. This study reports on indications that the OAS is looking for ways to act multilaterally in certain security issues, for instance trying to develop a drug regime. The OAS is also actively defending and promoting democratic norms and rules. Presently, the Western Hemisphere is at a crossroads and it is too soon to tell whether the OAS will adapt and succeed or whether the efforts to integrate OAS member states through specific common security policies and the democracy paradigm will add to the list of previous regional integration failures. This book is an important contribution to the debate on the role of International Organisations in shaping the Inter-American system. By looking at specific cases such as the defence of democracy, where the OAS is working through specific agencies and promoting cooperation and consensus, we are able to discern the successes and failures of the OAS.

This book considers how emerging economies around the world face the challenge of building good institutions and effective governance, since so much of economic development depends on having these in place. The promotion of shared prosperity and the battle against poverty require interventions to reach out to the poor and the disadvantaged. Yet time and again we have seen such effort foild or diminished by corruption and leakage. The creation of good governance and institutions and structures to combat corruption require determination and passion but also intricate design rooted in data, analysis, and research. In this book, leading researchers from around the world bring to the table some of the best available ideas to help create better governance structures, design laws for corruption control, and nurture good institutions.

A positive chapter has begun in finance for poor countries. Yet progress remains tentative. This book looks at how to make international finance better serve the needs of poor countries and poor people. It contains contributions by economists and political scientists who have been at the center of the international policy debate.

This book brings together a collection of studies intended to touch upon, and advance the understanding of, the changing role of trade and foreign direct investment in a globalizing economy, and how the economies of the nation state, and the economic policies of national governments, are becoming increasingly intertwined. It examines the impact of globalization on the competitiveness of a variety of regions and countries, ranging from the European Union and New Zealand to Taiwan and Ghana, and sets out the main analytical components of competitiveness, viewed from the perspective of both firms and countries. It describes and analyzes the interface between trade, FDI flows, and the activities of MNE's, as each is affected by, and affects the level and pattern of globalization - and, in some cases, regionalization. The determinants of outward FDI and its implication for the economic structure and competitiveness of the home country are examined, as is the impact of some of the more recent developments in the global economy - and particularly that of the liberalization of trade and investment regimes - on inbound FDI. It deals with some of the consequences of globalization, and the deepening of cross-border economic relationships, on the policies of national governments. The impact of regional economic integration on FDI and trade (including trade by the foreign affiliates of MNE's) is examined, as are the policies pursued by national governments in response to recent economic events, and the implications of globalization for the macro-economic and macro-organizational policies of national administrations.

Informed by critical theory, the essays in this collection examine the complex dynamics of globalization, the challenges that confront democracy, justice and rights under globalization, and new approaches that seek to contest the excesses of globalization and promote the struggle for global justice. They form a challenging and timely volume that will be essential reading for anyone interested in the normative dimensions of globalization.

The US current account deficit approaches one trillion dollars, absorbing 75 percent of world surpluses. A fire sale of US debt could cause a global recession through disorderly devaluation of the dollar, raising interest rates and crashing stock markets. The G7 doctrine of shared responsibility intends to coordinate regional efforts. There is meagre political capital in most regions for these reforms. The devaluation of the dollar could be faster than G7 policy coordination. This book analyzes the main issues and individual regions, including China, Japan, the EU and the USA.

Organization, Performance and Equity: Perspectives on the Japanese Economy provides an analysis of key components of the Japanese economy and business structures, edited by two leading American-based Japan scholars. The contributions to this book are grouped into four major categories: organizations; income distributions; technological progress; and macro performance. The first section examines the retail sector, the role of information in evaluating distribution systems, and ownership structures and their effect on welfare, all in the context of the Japanese economy. The second section concerns issues of Japanese tax structures, growth, and income transfers, while the third section focuses on technology and productivity. The concluding section addresses major macro issues like trade and the value of the yen.

This book is a one-stop reference for practitioners and academics in finance, business and economics, providing a holistic reference to the international agriculture business. It takes a multidisciplinary approach, looking at the issues, opportunities and investable themes in the global agricultural space, combining research and practical tools.

Since 1990, major banking and current crises have occurred in many countries throughout the world - including Mexico and Latin America in 1994-95, East Asia in 1997-98, and Russia and Brazil in 1998 - with large costs both to the individual countries experiencing the crises and to other nations. As a result, considerable effort has been expended by economists and policymakers to identify the causes of these crises and to design programs with the aim both of preventing similar crises from occurring in the future, and of minimizing the costs when these do occur. These studies have cut across national boundaries, being undertaken by individual researchers and organizations in particular countries, as well as by international institutions. This book collects the papers and discussants' comments presented at a conference co-sponsored by the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago and the Bank for International Settlements in Basel, Switzerland, and held in Chicago, in early October 1999. The purpose of the conference was to identify and discuss the lessons to be learned from these crises. Topics discussed included reviews of the crises in the individual countries and regions; analyses of the policy responses, both by the affected countries and by official international institutions; what has been learned from these crises; deposit insurance reform; the design of bank capital regulation; the role of bank supervision and regulation; and the future of official international financial institutions, such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. The conference participants included a broad range of academic, industry, and regulatory experts from more than twenty-five countries. Because of the timeliness of the conference and the wide-ranging expertise of the participants, the papers in this book should be of significant interest both to students of financial crises and to domestic and international policymakers.

Spain in the EU takes the country's entry into the European Community in 1986 as its starting point and traces changes in the national and regional economy, shifts in national economic policy, and the fundamental restructuring of the public sector. The book identifies the challenges that continue to confront the Spanish policy under monetary integration, as Spain pursues convergence towards the EU model, while retaining national cohesion.

This book poses a critique of neoliberal economic polices in the EU and proposals for alternatives. The book argues that the economic weakness of the EU is the result of the very restrictive economic policy of the Union and most member states. The book advances from a comprehensive critique of macroeconomic, social and structural policies towards a concrete concept for a democratic European social model based on the objectives of full employment, welfare, social equity and ecological sustainability.

To provide an understanding of financial globalization from a historical point of view, this book sheds light on international banking in Asia before World War II. International banking facilitated the relationship between Asian economic development and international financial centres. Focusing on the origins of a wide variety of banks not just from Europe but beyond Europe, such as the United States and Asia, particularly Japan and China, this book comprehensively explores competition and collaboration among international banks in Asia. It clarifies international banking's role of integrating the global market and the impact on both ends of the global economy-the international financial centres in the developed world and the developing economies in Asia. Economic development in Asia from the late nineteenth century to the 1930s as a part of the globalizing economy mirrors Asia's current role as the global economic-growth powerhouse. This book focuses on the two key similarities between Asia's past and present: intra-Asian relationships and the relationship between Asia and developed economies, namely, Europe, the United States, and Japan. Getting into the heart of the relationships, i.e., finance, this book presents a sophisticated and realistic image of the tangled network of international economic relations, distinguished from the conventional image of a one-sided advantage or disadvantage among involved nations.

In this volume the perceptive reader will find many clues to the future of the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, East-West economic relations and the impact of governments in this area. The authors are aware of the mistakes of the past, the limitations of centralized planning, the dangers and the futility of confrontation and the global significance of the new roles that governments must play in the transitional period of political and economic reform in the East. Some of the chapters may be considered blueprints for reform and of special significance is the fact that in some cases they were written by scholars who are now policy makers.

This book examines the European Union (EU) coordination of the G7, G8 and G20 (Gx). The author comprehensively maps out the different coordination processes for each Gx forum and assesses the procedures used, the actors involved as well as the evolution of the Gx forum over time.

This book analyzes the world economic crisis as the essential background for an investigation into recent problems of Japanese capitalism. Taken into consideration are various socio-political or intitutional factors which affect the concrete course of current capitalist development.;The study raises questions such as why the stable and prosperous long boom of the postwar capitalist world resulted in an unstable period of deep and widespread depression from 1973, what the roles of Keynesianism and Monetarism are in the ongoing process of world economic crises and how the socio-economic positions of working people have been affected by the attempts to restructure capitalist firms.;In so doing, the author hopes to contribute to Marxian social science studies and offer sound social alternatives for the mass of working people.

This book stresses how the rise of China and India has completely changed the world economy, moving it towards disequilibrium. Several alternative economic policies are tested to seek a way towards high growth in any continent associated with long-run real and financial equilibrium. The Authors argue that a new exchange rate system is required and that a new world governance is needed.

This book offers an in-depth analysis of the roles and strategies of subsidiaries of American multinational companies (MNCs) in Taiwan's IT industry. Based on semi-structured interviews with 16 managing directors of the different foreign-owned subsidiaries and 100 functional unit managers, the authors investigate (1) the roles of functional units in evaluating strategy formulation and change in foreign subsidiaries; (2) the factors that determine strategy formulation and change in foreign subsidiaries and their functional units; and (3) the linkages between cross-functional units. The research underscores the view that MNCs' strategies are composed of assorted heterogeneous elements.