Economists have come a long way in understanding the economic growth process since Adam Smith. Economic growth research has not only had a great impact on policy making, it has also generated a large and diverse literature. Designed to facilitate teaching and research on economic growth, this book will help the scholar and student to navigate the literature on determinants of economic growth. The book's opening essay highlights the important theories and empirical findings, while the bibliography includes over 1,200 annotated entries. International in scope, the volume covers individual-country studies, cross-country comparative studies, and cross-continent and worldwide research.

With chapters arranged by continent and country, the book enables the reader to quickly find titles of particular interest. Although the focus is on English-language titles, the book includes works in other languages as well. Coverage includes both books and articles. With this book, the reader can navigate through the literature accumulated over 45 years in just a few hours.

This book provides a new methodological approach to money and macroeconomics. Realizing that the abstract equilibrium models lacked descriptions of fundamental issues of a modern monetary economy, the focus of this book lies on the (stylized) balance sheets of the main actors. Money, after all, is born on the balance sheets of the central bank or commercial bank. While households and firms hold accounts at banks with deposits, banks hold an account at the central bank where deposits are called reserves. The book aims to explain how the two monetary circuits - central bank deposits and bank deposits - are intertwined. It is also shown how government spending injects money into the economy. Modern Monetary Theory and European Macroeconomics covers both the general case and then the Eurozone specifically. A very simple macroeconomic model follows which explains the major accounting identities of macroeconomics. Using this new methodology, the Eurozone crisis is examined from a fresh perspective. It turns out that not government debt but the stagnation of private sector debt was the major economic problem and that cuts in government spending worsened the economic situation. The concluding chapters discuss what a solution to the current problems of the Eurozone must look like, with scenarios that examine a future with and without a euro. This book provides a detailed balance sheet view of monetary and fiscal operations, with a focus on the Eurozone economy. Students, policy-makers and financial market actors will learn to assess the institutional processes that underpin a modern monetary economy, in times of boom and in times of bust.

"Foreign Direct Investment in the United States" examines the factors that have motivated foreign firms to invest in the United States. Foreign direct investment (FDI) has changed from being a one-lane country road, handling a modest flow of financial traffic to a two-way superhighway carrying huge amounts of capital into, and out of, the country. There is an explanation regarding how this has all come about, through a multidimensional/multidisciplinary approach to the subject, applying both microeconomic and organizational theory. Cultural and political factors associated with FDI are considered whilst two full chapters are devoted to an analysis of the effectiveness of public policies (both federal and state) in attracting capital to the U.S. The book contains data that tracks FDI since 1950 by industry and by country of origin. Of special interest is the discussion of the relationship between the U.S. and Japan and how the chronic current account surplus of Japan became FDI to the U.S.

This book is the first comprehensive account of the numerous attempts made since the Second World War to provide food security for all. It provides a reference source for all those involved and interested in food security issues.

This important book presents a comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to the subject of international sanctions. It provides summaries of fourteen major cases, including South Africa, Iraq and Serbia, and analysis of the complex political and economic problems which sanctions pose for governments of sender states as well as for targets. Goals, costs, vulnerability and humanitarian considerations are examined in the light of 20th-century experience and the enhanced role of the United Nations since the end of the Cold War receives detailed consideration.

The book brings together the two major developments of the past decade: the collapse of the Soviet Union with the subsequent abolition of the East-West conflict on the political side and the development of 'globalization' on the economic side. It is shown that both of these drastic changes has resulted in an increased demand for regulation and guidance by international organizations, which in turn were pressured by their own need for reforms and adjustment to the changing international agenda.

The Multinational Enterprise and the Emergence of the Global Factory brings together research papers authored by Peter J. Buckley, focusing on three of the most important empirical and theoretical issues in the global economy: the rise of the 'global factory'; the growth of FDI from emerging economies; recent developments in the theory of IB.

As international attention focuses on the rebuilding of Afghanistan, this collection looks critically at the evolution and meaning of the core concepts underpinning aims and strategies for recovery: the key role of institutional development and capacity building in establishing good governance, based on collaboration between state, civil society and market; the empirical consensus, over many decades, for best practice in development; the acknowledgement that recovery of war-torn societies is a development challenge. It is also shown that, despite this understanding, operational practice continues to contradict these principles and lessons learned from proven experience.

Central and Eastern European countries are entering the development race at a crucial juncture in EU enlargement and the wider phenomenon of globalization. In the face of hesitant and controversial EU policy, these countries need to engage sound development strategies. International production networks are expected to be decisive in helping them strengthen their competitiveness and establish knowledge based economies. Julie Pellegrin looks at whether and how production networks develop in Central and Eastern European countries and assesses their chances of catching up with the rest of Europe.

The global shortage of effective business leaders makes urgent the search for new insights about the nature of global leadership and the best means of developing such leaders. This text is a response to this urgent need. The rapid globalization of the economy places business leaders in new and demanding international settings and requires them to work across cultures. Volume 3 of "Advances in Global Leadership" presents original papers on the psychology of global leadership and the development of international and global leaders. Chapters are authored by academics, business leaders and consultants throughout the world who bring their various insights into global leadership.

In an international political economy characterised both by constancy and change, this study, first published in 1996, links together one seemingly incongruous continuity in international trade relations with an increasingly dramatic development in the economies of industrial countries. On the one hand, industrialised countries have become progressively dependent upon one another. On the other hand, the liberal international trade regime has yet to falter. These two points are tied together by seeking to explain the maintenance of liberal trade relations in terms of the mutual economic dependence of industrial countries. In particular, the study examines what may be a fundamental constraint on trade protectionism today: the reliance of industrialised countries on external trade relations, and especially on markets within the industrial world.

Exploring the development of the European Union, this book examines the ways in which it has been studied over fifty years from the vantage point of four disciplines, each side of the Atlantic, and both academic and practitioner perspectives. Drawing on contributions by some of the world's leading scholars in the field, it maps the past and present of both the EU and EU studies before setting out a provocative agenda for future work in the area.

How has China approached the global economy? Webber, Wang and Zhu attempt to answer this question through analysis of the concepts of globalization, transition and regionalization. China's approach has been experimental, stressing the liberalization of trade and investment flows and the development of a market economy. By these indexes globalization in China has been gradual and uneven. Integrating Western social science and Chinese research, this book assesses the nature and effect of globalization in China and its implications.

In this important book, industrial and enterprise reform over the last decade in Eastern Europe is critically reviewed in light of increasing Eastern integration into the global economy. The authors argue for the further globalization of Eastern European enterprise networks as a condition for recovery and growth in the region. Empirical evidence is provided from five industrial sectors (car industry, telecommunication, shipbuilding, computers, software), including case studies and international comparisons.

Researchers are beginning to draw attention to the human side concerning the implications of the digital age. Cultural challenges faced by international virtual teams, management dilemmas relative to resource issues when dealing with cultural diversity, and human resource management challenges confronted by technical environments and nationally-qualified labor shortages are on the rise and need to be addressed as society enters a new era. Examining Cultural Perspectives in a Globalized World is a pivotal reference source that provides vital research on the promotion of new cultural models representative of the contemporary world and subject to digital transformation. While highlighting topics such as digital diversity, shared culture, and employee motivation, this publication explores increasing the relevancy of culture in the globalized 21st century as well as the methods of revising current HR management policies. This book is ideally designed for managers, human resources management, executives, sociologists, consultants, practitioners, industry professionals, researchers, academicians, and students.

In this book, original essays by outstanding authors consider key issues in the external economic relations of developing countries.

Oil is the lifeblood of the global economy, and its misuse carries the risk of heavy economic and environmental penalties. This book is a collection of essays bearing on economic growth and environmental concerns for a world that will continue to be dependent on oil throughout the next century. Topics include the outlook for petroleum demand and supply, the potential for alternatives to a petroleum-based economy, the costs of controlling automobile emissions, the environmental costs of moving oil by tanker and pipeline, and competition issues in the production and distribution of petroleum products. The wide range of topics reflects the many different ways in which petroleum and use affect the quality of our lives. The essays are the end results of an initiative by the University of California Energy Institute and reflect careful research into the costs and benefits of the petroleum economy. Together, they offer new insights into the critical task of living with oil, for today and for the future.

Service activities are at the heart of a major economic revolution taking place all around us. This new economic revolution is equivalent to the Industrial Revolution in the eighteenth century, the rise of the guilds in the Middle Ages, and the shift from a hunter/gatherer economy to an agricultural/pastoral economy at the dawn of recorded history when organized agriculture first led to the development of towns and the invention of writing. In this new revolution, computers, factory robots, and completely automated factories are rapidly reducing the need for physi cal labor in production. At the same time, sophisticated agricultural machinery, fertilizers, pesticides, and biogenetic engineering have reduced and will continue to reduce the physical labor involved in growing food. In the new economy that will emerge from this revolution, most people will earn their living by working in services. Like all revolutions, the new economic revolution is troublesome because it brings with it major changes in everyday life, both at home and in the workplace. Change creates uncertainty about the future and am biguity in the interpretation of economic trends. The new revolution is also troublesome because it adds to the complexity of economic organiza tion and removes more people from the direct production of physical goods. In the new economy, more and more jobs will be based on the application of specialized knowledge and the manipulation of information with computers, a long step away from "real" jobs like growing wheat and assembling cars."

This volume deals with the very important and timely topic of dollarization, or the official adoption of the dollar as a nation's currency. The benefits and costs, as well as the type of nation that stands to gain from dollarization, are examined by some of the leading experts and participants in the current debate. Some advocate dollarization, some fixed exchange rates, some flexible. Contributors include R. Mundell (Columbia U), A. Berg (IMF), B. Eichengreen (U Cal - Berkeley).

The definitive survey of the countries and territories of Western Europe, comprising expert analysis and commentary, up-to-date economic and socio-political data and extensive directory information. General Survey Essays by leading experts on the area cover issues of regional importance. Country Surveys Individual chapters on each country, comprising: an introductory survey, containing essays on the geography, history and economy of each country, including a chronology and map. an extensive statistical survey of economic and demographic indicators, including area and population, health and welfare, agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, industry, finance, trade, transport, tourism, communications media and education. a comprehensive directory of names and contact details covering the most significant political and commercial institutions. Regional Information a directory of research institutes specializing in the region bibliographies of books and periodicals covering the region.

Which rules will shape globalization in the twenty-first century? This collection looks at the need for new rules and the divergence of national attitudes towards global economic governance. It covers the role of states in negotiating international trade, in regulating the banks and in promoting trilateralism. It investigates the role of business by assessing its increased power in writing the rules for self-regulation and in influencing the public sphere. Also, international organizations are analyzed as standard setters and regional institutions are examined as blueprints for global governance.

Little attention has been paid to the role of the European economies, and notably of the euro area, in the current global imbalance of international payments and growth rates, leading to somewhat simplistic views of Euroland contributing to limiting those imbalances and providing a template of economic policy for the twenty-first century. In addition, an influential view continues to stress the need for deeper and more comprehensive supply-side, structural reforms as a means to protect Euroland from potentially adverse global developments and play a positive role in the orderly correction of global imbalances. The contributions in this volume challenge this view and compellingly question, from a variety of angles, many popular beliefs about the road to virtues of Euroland, providing a comprehensive and fresh framework to address important questions for the future of the euro, from a critique of current macroeconomic policy institutions to proposals for both soft and tougher modifications of euro institutions, all pointing to a key question for the future of Europe: will the single currency project contribute to world economic dynamism or will it be driven by the vigour and vitality of others? Will Euroland act as global player or global drag?

The collapse of the state-controlled economies of the former Eastern Bloc will certainly change the way the global economy operates. Bringing together scholars from a wide variety of theoretical perspectives, different nations and different empirical research traditions, this title examines the ongoing transition and the implications of market transitions for individual life chances, state economic policy and social stratification systems. The volume includes scholarship that focuses on both single nation and cross-national research, plus research contributions that compare state socialist/former state socialist political economies with conditions elsewhere in the world.

These essays explore interactions between North and South, and South and South in trade, technology and finance, focusing on the interests of the South and particularly the poor. Many theoretical deficiencies are revealed in the "conventional" neo-classical approach; the consequences are often deleterious to Southern interests, while the poor are neglected. A review concludes that the South should adopt a bargaining approach to North-South negotiations. In trade, technology and finance, considerable benefits would arise from closer South-South relations.

After successful transition from a socialist to market economy, the countries of Central and Eastern Europe are faced with the challenge of how to catch up with the EU15. This book provides the first systematic analysis of how Central and Eastern Europe has been restructuring from a knowledge-based economy perspective. It is an essential reference for understanding processes that are shaping present and future growth of the eastern part of the enlarged EU.