The twentieth anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall saw many reflect on the political, economic and social changes of recent years. The legacy of communism and the economic prospects of post-communist countries are rigorously analysed in this stimulating study of the long term consequences of transition.

This book analyzes Africa's unprecedented economic growth, the state of its financial sector, and the varied opportunities for Islamic finance investors. It considers the role - potential and realized - of Islamic finance in fostering financial inclusion in areas such as banking, microfinance, capital market development, insurance, and private equity business. The book stresses that investing in Africa through Islamic finance will open new markets, ensure higher profit margins, diversify risk, and create business competition; and that these changes that will provide financial products that can satisfying the desires and beliefs of all consumers and unlock the real potential of the continent's financial system. The book also looks into the rise of international interest in Africa and concludes by scrutinizing the challenges impeding further economic growth, as well as the specific barriers that need to be addressed in order to promote the implementation of Islamic finance. Investors, policymakers, and academics ready to confront these challenges will find much of value in this book.

This study of Atlantic political relations since World War II uses a comparative perspective to analyse US foreign policy and US European relations in the context of a Western Europe attempting to speak with one voice. This book examines US policy towards European unity and the evolution of a Western European pillar in foreign policy and defense, contrasts US and European approaches toward specific global issues, and considers Atlantic relations in light of the dramatic European upheavals of 1989 and 1990. William Cronwell is the co-author of Political Problems of Atlantic Partnership.

The world is seeing a shift in economic power from west to east. Japanese FDI differs from the American example, and this will become crucial. This book tracks trends in Japanese FDI to other Asian countries, suggests future policies, analyzes methodological aspects, and provides an overview of Japanese FDI.

"Economics, Econometrics and The LINK" is a collection of scholarly contributions by leading scholars from the U.S., Europe, and Asia dealing with issues of economics and econometrics. The book contains a learned and erudite exposition of macroeconomics and macroeconomic modeling including national, sectoral, issues exchange rate, environment, international price competitiveness and international linkages. It presents a comprehensive perspective of econometric modeling - country-specific, sector-specific and issue-specific. The volume is a tribute to the work of Lawrence R. Klein from all his friends who share a common agenda, viz. to relate the study of economics to the studies of mankind.

This book investigates Central America's political economy seen through the lens of its powerful business groups. It provides unique insight into their strategies when confronted with a globalized economy, their impact on development of the isthmus, and how they shape the political and economic institutions governing local varieties of capitalism.

This book contains papers presented at a conference held in Vimeiro, Por- tugal, on March 23 and 24, 1991. The purpose of this conference was to discuss several aspects of the portuguese economy, namely issues and prob- lems related with the european integration of 1992. The sponsorship has been provided by the Junta N acional de Investiga~iio Cientifica e Tecno- logica, the portuguese science and technology foundation, as well as by the Banco de Portugal, the central bank. The first paper, by Horta Correia, Cesar das Neves and Rebelo repre- sents an attempt to characterize and to analyze the main features of the portuguese business cycles. Making use of the real business cycle method- ology, the authors contrast the properties of the portuguese empirical regu- larities with those of other OEeD countries and conclude that the economic fluctuations in Portugal seem much more severe. On the other hand, the rel- ative volatility of the various series analyzed, as well as their co-movement and serial correlation properties, are of the same order of those in other DECD countries. Horta Correia, Cesar das Neves and Rebelo evaluate the properties of the portuguese time series in light of the predictions of two dynamic general equilibrium models: a closed economy model and a model of a small open economy. Surprisingly, their closed economy model provides a good fit for the portuguese fluctuations, while the small open economy model predicts unplausibly low volatilities for both aggregate consumption and the trade balance.

The European Community and Latin America profiles the power and goals of the European Community and examines the Community's past relations with Latin America and the techniques for their management. Factors significant for this relationship's future are analyzed: the global setting; the two regions' internal conditions; the potential of each to meet the other's needs; and the procedures for handling interregional affairs. Attention is given to the political/security interests of the two regions and the attractiveness, to each, of closer relations with other parts of the world.

This book is intended to provide a basic understanding of current issues and problems of economic integration. Identifying economic integration as one of the main features of modern international economics, the authors examine its many aspects and consequences which remain as yet obscure and unexplored. After addressing general issues regarding economic integration, the authors include empirical theoretical analyses of the monetary union, social policy reform, social union, public finance and technological policies.

In the era of globalization, the role of multinational corporations (MNCs) is increasing in importance while the influence of nation-states is in a corresponding decline. Jain contends that this trend will benefit the cause of worldwide economic prosperity, which MNCs alone are positioned to deliver. The increasing availability of global capital, coupled with advances in computing and communications technology, has accelerated the process of doing business anywhere and everywhere. At the same time, barriers to foreign entities wishing to conduct business in Russia, China, India, Brazil, and Indonesia are falling away. As the process of globalization marches on, what can be done to ensure that material prosperity is the result? A Global Business Confederation, Jain argues, should be established to design rules that apply worldwide and that encourage MNCs to generate global economic prosperity in a manner responsive to cultural, social, and humanitarian concerns.

This edited volume highlights the interplay between the evolving institutions and the growing economic dynamism of the Indian economy. The book provides a state of the art interdisciplinary review of the Indian political economy and cultural psychology and it draws upon the contribution of academic scholars who are intimately familiar with India.

The recent earthquake in Kobe posed an unexpected threat to Japan's future as a leader in world trade and investment. In the aftermath of such an event, Japan--U.S. relations are likely to become increasingly important as Japan seeks to rebuild itself and encourage international investment.

Trade and Investment in the 1990s provides crucial insight on the future of Japan--U.S. relations. Presenting views of such distinguished economists as Nobel Laureate Paul A. Samuelson, this volume covers such topics as Japan--U.S. relations under the Clinton Administration, trade negotiations, international competition and investment, and recent economic and financial trends. A compilation of recent lectures sponsored by The Center for Japan-U.S. Business and Economic Studies at New York University, this volume is sure to be of use to all those interested in the critical relationship between Japan and the U.S.

The book brings together the two major developments of the past decade: the collapse of the Soviet Union with the subsequent abolition of the East-West conflict on the political side and the development of 'globalization' on the economic side. It is shown that both of these drastic changes has resulted in an increased demand for regulation and guidance by international organizations, which in turn were pressured by their own need for reforms and adjustment to the changing international agenda.

Economists have come a long way in understanding the economic growth process since Adam Smith. Economic growth research has not only had a great impact on policy making, it has also generated a large and diverse literature. Designed to facilitate teaching and research on economic growth, this book will help the scholar and student to navigate the literature on determinants of economic growth. The book's opening essay highlights the important theories and empirical findings, while the bibliography includes over 1,200 annotated entries. International in scope, the volume covers individual-country studies, cross-country comparative studies, and cross-continent and worldwide research.

With chapters arranged by continent and country, the book enables the reader to quickly find titles of particular interest. Although the focus is on English-language titles, the book includes works in other languages as well. Coverage includes both books and articles. With this book, the reader can navigate through the literature accumulated over 45 years in just a few hours.

This important book presents a comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to the subject of international sanctions. It provides summaries of fourteen major cases, including South Africa, Iraq and Serbia, and analysis of the complex political and economic problems which sanctions pose for governments of sender states as well as for targets. Goals, costs, vulnerability and humanitarian considerations are examined in the light of 20th-century experience and the enhanced role of the United Nations since the end of the Cold War receives detailed consideration.

"Foreign Direct Investment in the United States" examines the factors that have motivated foreign firms to invest in the United States. Foreign direct investment (FDI) has changed from being a one-lane country road, handling a modest flow of financial traffic to a two-way superhighway carrying huge amounts of capital into, and out of, the country. There is an explanation regarding how this has all come about, through a multidimensional/multidisciplinary approach to the subject, applying both microeconomic and organizational theory. Cultural and political factors associated with FDI are considered whilst two full chapters are devoted to an analysis of the effectiveness of public policies (both federal and state) in attracting capital to the U.S. The book contains data that tracks FDI since 1950 by industry and by country of origin. Of special interest is the discussion of the relationship between the U.S. and Japan and how the chronic current account surplus of Japan became FDI to the U.S.

This book is the first comprehensive account of the numerous attempts made since the Second World War to provide food security for all. It provides a reference source for all those involved and interested in food security issues.

The Multinational Enterprise and the Emergence of the Global Factory brings together research papers authored by Peter J. Buckley, focusing on three of the most important empirical and theoretical issues in the global economy: the rise of the 'global factory'; the growth of FDI from emerging economies; recent developments in the theory of IB.

Central and Eastern European countries are entering the development race at a crucial juncture in EU enlargement and the wider phenomenon of globalization. In the face of hesitant and controversial EU policy, these countries need to engage sound development strategies. International production networks are expected to be decisive in helping them strengthen their competitiveness and establish knowledge based economies. Julie Pellegrin looks at whether and how production networks develop in Central and Eastern European countries and assesses their chances of catching up with the rest of Europe.

Since the completion of the original writing in 1978, and the publication of this Garland edition in 1987, several important events came to pass which underscored the importance and relevance of the study of the US foreign trade policy toward steel in the late seventies. One can read the story of US trade policy toward steel in 1977-79 as a critical step in the path which has been moving the US from a policy of organised free trade to one where increasing scope is allowed to market forces.

This book explores the intricate connection between the Single Market, characterized by the freedom of movement of goods, services, capital and labor within and across Europe, and the Digital Single Market, the virtual space that promotes freedom of movement of information and data. Both a result and catalyst of the Single Market, the Digital Single Market has become a different space from the Single Market, as the former is based on the application of information and communication technologies (ICTs), while the latter is the result of concerted actions and concessions by Member States in the European Union. The author argues that, similar to the Single Market, the Digital Single Market is an instrument, built by the influence of the Internet, which can provide a new means of socio-economic growth and development in Europe. While sharing many similar characteristics, the Single Market and the Digital Single Market diverge in important aspects, particularly with respect to policy. The research analyzes the interaction between policy actors, their influence in the European decision-making process, and their interests in order to establish a digital policy model, in comparison with market policy. Moreover, this volume considers the implementation process and the success of such initiatives under the current policy model, and puts forward policy recommendations. Ultimately, the author considers the utility of such research on digital policy, considering the current focus on migration, vulnerabilities to internal challenges (e.g., Brexit) and security threats, maintaining that the discussion of digital policies relates to an innovative vision of the European integration process and prospects for its future.

In an international political economy characterised both by constancy and change, this study, first published in 1996, links together one seemingly incongruous continuity in international trade relations with an increasingly dramatic development in the economies of industrial countries. On the one hand, industrialised countries have become progressively dependent upon one another. On the other hand, the liberal international trade regime has yet to falter. These two points are tied together by seeking to explain the maintenance of liberal trade relations in terms of the mutual economic dependence of industrial countries. In particular, the study examines what may be a fundamental constraint on trade protectionism today: the reliance of industrialised countries on external trade relations, and especially on markets within the industrial world.

Exploring the development of the European Union, this book examines the ways in which it has been studied over fifty years from the vantage point of four disciplines, each side of the Atlantic, and both academic and practitioner perspectives. Drawing on contributions by some of the world's leading scholars in the field, it maps the past and present of both the EU and EU studies before setting out a provocative agenda for future work in the area.

In this book, original essays by outstanding authors consider key issues in the external economic relations of developing countries.

How has China approached the global economy? Webber, Wang and Zhu attempt to answer this question through analysis of the concepts of globalization, transition and regionalization. China's approach has been experimental, stressing the liberalization of trade and investment flows and the development of a market economy. By these indexes globalization in China has been gradual and uneven. Integrating Western social science and Chinese research, this book assesses the nature and effect of globalization in China and its implications.