Since World War II the subject of social choice has grown in many and surprising ways. The impossibility theorems have suggested many directions: mathematical characterisations of voting structures satisfying various sets of conditions, the consequences of restricting choice to certain domaines, the relation to competitive equilibrium and the core, and trade-offs among the partial satisfactions of some conditions. The links with classical and modern theories of justice and, in particular, the competing ideas of rights and utilitarianism have shown the power of formal social choice analysis in illuminating the most basic philosophical arguments about the good social life. Finally, the ideals of the just society meet with the play of self interest; social choice mechanisms can lend themselves to manipulation, and the analysis of conditions under which given ideals can be realised under self interest is a political parallel to the welfare economics of the market. The contributors to these volumes focus on these issues at the forefront of current research.

The spectacular rise of the yen in the mid-1980s has unleashed a new wave of imperialism from Japan. Its origins are traced to a series of crises and rivalries between the two great capitalist powers, Japan and the USA. To escape the high yen, Japanese capital is closing down factories at home and shifting them overseas. Some are going to the advanced countries, but the book's main focus is on the search for cheap labour in Southeast Asia to make parts for Japan's two leading industries: motor vehicles and electronics.

International economic integration is perceived as one of the paramount forces shaping the modern world. Many organizations, both public and private, are trying to combine economic activities across international borders. The European Union and the North American Free Trade Area are two examples of government-managed international economic integration. Private organizations include various criminal groups as well as international churches.
International economic integration is not a recent phenomenon; its roots can be traced back to the Roman Empire. "International Economic Integration in Historical Perspective" departs from the conventional short-term analysis and takes a long-term view of the process, offering perspectives that are both detailed and diverse. Dennis M. P. McCarthy examines seven types of organizations that exemplify international economic integration, such as colonial empires, merchant associations, religious empires, criminal empires, free trade areas, customs unions and common markets. Representative examples of each type are analyzed in a comparative framework. An introduction defines key terms and concepts; a retrospective summarizes the main insights that emerge from the book. Endnotes and a detailed bibliography offer readers ways to pursue topics further.
This timely and unique book demonstrates that international economic integration is an economic and political process that also involves political economy." International Economic Integration in Historical Perspective "will prove indispensable to students and general readers who wish to gain a firm understanding of international economics and the processes that shape the world today.

Volume 7 of the EYIEL focusses on critical perspectives of international economic law. Recent protests against free trade agreements such as the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) remind us that international economic law has always been a politically and legally contested field. This volume collects critical contributions on trade, investment, financial and other subfields of international economic law from scholars who have shaped this debate for many years. The critical contributions to this volume are challenged and sometimes rejected by commentators who have been invited to be "critical with the critics". The result is a unique collection of critical essays accompanied by alternative and competing views on some of the most fundamental topics of international economic law. In its section on regional developments, EYIEL 7 addresses recent megaregional and plurilateral trade and investment agreements and negotiations. Short insights on various aspects of the Transpacific Partnership (TPP) and its sister TTIP are complemented with comments on other developments, including the African Tripartite FTA und the negotiations on a plurilateral Trade in Services Agreement (TiSA). Further sections address recent WTO and investment case law as well as recent developments concerning the IMF, UNCTAD and the WCO. The volume closes with reviews of recent books in international economic law.

Why did France, with its strong sense of national identity, want to give up the Franc for the Euro? This book, by a former British diplomat in Paris, draws on new archive evidence to explore France's drive for European Economic and Monetary Union, and how unresolved Franco-German tensions over its design led to crisis.

After a century and a half of efforts at constructing arrangements and rules for international monetary interaction, present-day national authorities do not seem to have come much closer to achieving the aim of enduring exchange rate stability combined with a good macroeconomic performance. A distinguished group of economists and economic historians offers new insights into the working of the most important of such experiences, including nineteenth century bimetallism, the 'classical' gold standard, Bretton Woods and the European Monetary System.

Although it is still early for an established academic account of the motivations behind the dramatic events in the Arab world in 2010/11, Leila Simona Talani believes that it is about time to try and place this issue into the broader picture of the latest changes in the global political economy.

Looking at historical cross-country interactions, this book examines the role of the US in the world economy. Illustrating that US shocks tend to have a global nature and that Monetary Union only partially shelters the Euro area from its external environment, the book argues that the US should fully assume its responsibility, minimizing shock transmission.

Technology has been thought and discussed as one of the pivotal sources of economic growth. As the importance of technology and R& D, as its embodied form, being increased of its importance, a critical concern has been given on how to organize technology development. The concern is not confined to developing countries, but also extends to advanced nations due to a trait of knowledge intensive economies, which require longer and more complex linkages from knowledge to the actual production of goods and services. This book covers the issue of organizing technology development with multinational cases ranging from Korea, Japan to United States and other countries with universally applicable theories that provide possibilities for application in other countries. The other peculiarity of this book is that it presents not only what has happened in its analysis, but also tries to describe possible future trends. Changing contexts of capitalism has increased necessity to organize technology development even for advanced nations as long as they are regarded as knowledge intensive economies. Against the dynamic of longer & more complex linkages from knowledge to production, the answer from t

Part 1 Economic issues: barriers to trade talks, Lawrence W. Foster; Japanese direct investment in the US, Kiyoshi Abe; US deindustrialization and Pacific imports, David Cheng et al; international monetary policy coordination, Don Hooks; monetary and fiscal policy coordination, Kenji Komatsu; household saving rate, Mohamed Abdel-Ghany et al; development assistance, Shigeyuki Abe and Bruce Koppel. Part 2 Industrial and managerial issues: transfer of Japanese company culture, Motofusa Murayama; Japanese corporate English training, Chadwick B. Hilton; telecommunications trade friction, Meheroo Jussawalla and Barbara Ross-Pfeiffer; economic incentives and computer software, Harold See; property rights in computer software, Sumner J. La Croix; steel restructuring in Japan and the US, Trevor Bain; import liberalization and domestic beef, Yasuhiko Yuize; auto industry human resource strategies, James Cashman. Part 3 Conclusion: an overview of coordination concerns, Kiyoshi Abe et al. Appendix A: US-Japan relations in the 1990s, Charles E. Morrison. Appendix: The chibama project, Marilyn B. Emplaincourt.

Money and the Space Economy Contributor list Pietro Alessandrini Leslie Budd Gordon Clark Sheila Dow Richard T. Harrison Alan Hudson Roger Lee Colin Mason Jane Pollard David J. Porteous Barney Warf Neil Wrigley Alberto Zazzaro Money is central to understanding the space economy. Not only does money itself have its own geographies, but these in turn help to shape the geographies of economic activity more generally. Across the global economy banking systems and money markets are being restructured. A new economic geography of money and finance is emerging, reflecting, among other things, the momentous changes that are taking place in the world's financial systems, particularly the impact of globalisation, deregulation, privatisation and technological change. Money and the Space Economy brings together leading geographers and economists working on money to highlight the changing geographies of banking, the forces underpinning and threatening international financial centres, the relationship between financial systems, business and the local economy, and the financial causes and consequences of the retreat of the state. With case studies drawn from United Kingdom, Europe and the United States, Money and the Space Economy redraws the map of local, regional, national and international financial spaces. Economic Geography/Business/Finance/Social Science

Highlighting recent revolutionary changes, this volume deals with the transformation from central planning towards more efficient economic structures in Eastern and Central Europe and the (former) Soviet Union. Political democracy and the creation of market economies have now become realistic aims; but the process of reform is only just beginning and is likely to take many years. The papers and discussion in this book deal with systematic changes, deregulation, abolition of price controls and macroeconomic fiscal and monetary policies needed to stablize the economies and to implement appropriate structural changes.

Trade, Development and Political Economy takes fundamental issues in trade and development policy and subjects them to well-based economic analysis in a form that is easily accessible to the non-specialist. Distinguished contributors address some of the following questions: Are critics of outward-orientated development wrong? What caused the financial crisis of East Asia? Who supports trade and aid in the US? And, what are the conditions needed to promote growth? They also look forward to what trade policies and agreements will be needed in the future.

This study asks whether transplanting banks can solve the problems involved in creating a well functioning market economy from outside, looking especially at the virtual complete takeover of East German banks by their Western counterparts after unification. Drawing on a wide range of English and German sources, and fieldwork interviews across Germany, it argues that there are no quick-fix solutions to transition to a market. Implications are discussed for East Germany and for other previously centrally planned economies, and the global implications of foreign ownership in banking are considered.

Europe's Economic Dilemma analyses the reasons why the European Union's growth rate has fallen during the last quarter of a century to little more than a third of its previous level. It concludes that the major reason has been politically driven attempts to lock EU currencies together in inappropriate economic circumstances. These have led to chronic deflation, rising unemployment and falling investment and competitiveness as EU Member States, without exchange rate flexibility, have found themselves unable to compete with Germany.

China has become the world's second biggest economy and its largest exporter. It possesses the world's largest foreign exchange reserves and has 29 companies in the FT 500 list of the world's largest companies. 'China's Rise' preoccupies the global media, which regularly carry articles suggesting that it is using its financial resources to 'buy the world'.

Is there any truth to this idea? Or is this just scaremongering by Western commentators who have little interest in a balanced presentation of China's role in the global political economy?

In this short book Peter Nolan - one of the leading international experts on China and the global economy - probes behind the media rhetoric and shows that the idea that China is buying the world is a myth. Since the 1970s the global business revolution has resulted in an unprecedented degree of industrial concentration. Giant firms from high income countries with leading technologies and brands have greatly increased their investments in developing countries, with China at the forefront. Multinational companies account for over two-thirds of China's high technology output and over ninety percent of its high technology exports. Global firms are deep inside the Chinese business system and are pressing China hard to be permitted to increase their presence without restraints.

By contrast, Chinese firms have a negligible presence in the high-income countries - in other words, we are 'inside them' but they are not yet 'inside us'. China's 70-odd 'national champion' firms are protected by the government through state ownership and other support measures. They are in industries such as banking, metals, mining, oil, power, construction, transport, and telecommunications, which tend to make use of high technology products rather than produce these products themselves. Their growth has been based on the rapidly growing home market. China has been unsuccessful so far in its efforts to nurture a group of globally competitive firms with leading global technologies and brands. Whether it will be successful in the future is an open question.

This balanced analysis replaces rhetoric with evidence and argument. It provides a much-needed perspective on current debates about China's growing power and it will contribute to a constructive dialogue between China and the West.

Fatma Gul Unal analyzes the interconnection between inequality and rural factor markets. Its scope is the intersection of agriculture and inequality. She investigates the effectiveness and efficiency of land and labor markets in spreading economic opportunities within agriculture and, thereby, in reducing rural poverty and inequality using Turkey as a case study. The core theme in this book is the "connectedness" between land ownership inequality and how markets mediate economic opportunities to people.

This volume examines the ways in which EU policies towards developing countries are changing in response to the challenges of globalization and the end of the Cold War. It analyzes the relationships between the 15 Member States and more than 140 countries throughout Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Mediterranean, examining the recent evolution and prospects for the future from a multidisciplinary perspective. It shows how the EU is a central focus for developing countries, as both the largest source of aid and technical cooperation and as the world's largest market for their exports.

In recent years, the English School or international society approach to International Relations has risen to prominence because its theories and concepts seem able to help us explain some of the most complex and seemingly paradoxical features of contemporary world politics. In doing so, the approach has attracted a variety of criticisms from both ends of the political spectrum. Some argue that the claim that states form an international society is premature in an era of terror where power politics and the use of force have returned to the fore. Others insist that international society's state-centrism make it an inherently conservative approach unable to address many of the world's most pressing problems. International Society and its Critics provides the first in-depth study of the English School approach to International Relations from a variety of different theoretical and practical perspectives. Sixteen leading scholars from three continents critically evaluate the School's contribution to the study of international theory and history; consider its relationship with a variety of alternative perspectives including international political economy, feminism, environmentalism, and critical security studies; and assess how the approach can help us to make sense of the big issues of the day such as terrorism, the management of cultural difference, global governance, the ethics of coercion, and the role of international law. They find that whilst the concept of international society helps to shed light on many of the important tensions in world politics, much work still needs to be done. In particular, the approach needs to broaden its empirical scope to incorporate more of the issues and actors that shape global politics; draw upon other theoretical traditions to improve its explanations of change in world politics; and recognize the complex and multi-layered nature of the contemporary world.

Sampanis argues that the United States uses agricultural trade liberalization as a bonding issue with middle and weak countries, that the US then uses this relationship to improve its bargaining position with its challengers, that the US uses this relationship to enhance its competitiveness vis-a-vis its challengers, and that the US also uses this relationship to improve its access into middle and weak countries. Sampanis also shows that Britain before it also used negotiated arrangements with weaker states to gain bargaining power and improve competitiveness with challengers. What do you do if-after years of doing what you want, getting others to do what you want, and essentially calling the shots-you can no longer simply do what you wish, convince others to do as you prefer, and dictate agendas? Sampanis examines through the lens of agricultural policy this dilemma faced by hegemons in decline, those once preeminent states whose dominance is gradually eroded by the very successes they encouraged. As a self-preservation measure the United States-and Great Britain before it-negotiated arrangements with weaker states to gain bargaining power with challengers. Forming a coalition with those previously ignored, these declining hegemons maneuvered survival. Britain transformed its empire into a commonwealth; it used trade incentives to curry continued allegiance. In a significant policy shift, the United States seeks common ground with middle and weak states to rejuvenate its economic competitiveness in those economies as well as in those of its developed competitors. The tactice worked better for the United States, since a coalition of numbers translates into a coalition of votes in the institutional frameworks its hegemonic leadership fosters. As Sampanis shows, for both the United States and Great Britain, the prize has been an extended lease on influence.

Mbaku, Saxena, and their contributors examine the problems faced by Africa as it decides what to do to improve its ability to contribute to and benefit from the new globalization. Today, the continent stands at a crossroads; it must choose between joining the new global society and pursuing a process of internal self-reliance. The dilemma the continent faces is how to participate in and benefit from the new global economy as well as retain and also benefit from its emerging regional economic and political schemes. The book is written by a group of highly skilled and committed Africanists and is intended to make a significant contribution to the debate on poverty alleviation in Africa as well as on improving Africa's ability to participate in and benefit from the new globalization and how to achieve the type of peaceful coexistence in Africa that will enhance economic growth and development. It contains a refreshing, vigorous, and informative analysis of poverty alleviation strategies in the continent, how to achieve lasting peace and enhance the peaceful co-existence of population groups, and how to improve the continent's ability to participate more effectively in the new globalization. It emphasizes the importance of good policies and laws and institutions not only to peaceful coexistence, but also to sustainable poverty alleviation strategies. As Africans prepare themselves and their societies for the new globalization, it is critical that they provide themselves with governance structures that are locally-focused, and that enhance peace and sustainable development.

This volume assesses the current state of play for Middle East and North African countries, in the light of wider work on inflation targeting, and provides lessons from the evolution of monetary policy in Europe.

The purpose of this study is to better understand the essential interdependencies between the world economy and the global ecosystem, including human populations. World production, product prices, wages, interest rates, exchange rates, employment, and spending are shown to be mutually determined over time with the growth rates of country-specific renewable resources, the generation of waste, human population growth, waste assimilation by the basic fungible resource, and the sanitation and other health and human services provided by the government sectors. Particular attention is paid to alternative central bank policies and their potential effects upon future mixes of resources in world production and upon the level and composition of that production. Materials balance holds with respect to all production and consumption. Cash flow constraints hold with respect to all economic transactions; in particular, the decisions to save and invest are directly linked to financial market decisions.

This handbook offers readers various perspectives on globalization and multilateralism with Chinese characteristics. Its originality is derived from the hybrid approaches the handbook takes, where chapters provide complementary, intertwined, and multi-level analysis on the topic. Based on contributions of scholars and practitioners from a number of countries, the handbook helps readers to comprehend ongoing debates on the Belt and Road Initiative and global governance, within a shifting balance of world power, characterized by competing views between Western and Chinese norms, standards, values, and narratives. Split into three Parts, and consisting of 45 chapters, the handbook views globalization as comprehensive concept that benefits from the contributions of various disciplines such as geography, geo-economics, political science and international relations. In producing one of the most ambitious and updated outputs on the topic, the handbook as a whole seeks to discuss what globalization with Chinese characteristics looks like, and the role of the Belt and Road Initiative in this process.