This book examines the rapid deregulation and changing nature of Japan's financial marketplace as it emerges from its worst economic crisis since the end of the Second World War. The author focuses on how U.S. firms like Citibank, AIG, Merrill Lynch, GE Capital, Fidelity Investments, and American Express have made large investments and built strategic businesses in a market that was effectively closed to them only a few years ago. He also profiles Japan's major financial institutions, which are aggressively restructuring to defend their home turf from foreign competitors.

Now that the economic crisis appears to be over, this exciting new book gives business students, scholars, and executives an in-depth analysis and understanding of the on-going transformation of the Japanese marketplace in banking, securities, insurance, asset management, mutual funds, and consumer credit.

Series Information:
Warwick Studies in European Philosophy

Series Information:
Financial Sector of the American Economy

Despite the considerable economic growth of the Asia-Pacific, poverty continues to be a major problem. One key way to create sustainable livelihoods and to provide poor households an escape route from poverty is microfinance. Since the early 1980s, microfinance practitioners have proven that the poor are creditworthy, capable of utilizing scarce capital efficiently in viable incom-generating projects and able to pay back their loans. This book collects the experience of microfinance practitioners in 11 countries in the Asia-Pacific region to describe the present state of the art. It is designed to provide an overview of the subject: why it is so essential to poverty reduction; what is the "best practice"; what kind of policy framework and regulatory environment is required. It offers both an extensive survey of the academic literature and a selection of case studies, all from authors who have been active practitioners in microfinance for many years. The case studies cover four key countries in South Asia and three countries in East Asia in which microfinance had become particularly important. There is also a regional chapter covering the Pacific islands.

The seminal guide to risk management, streamlined and updated Risk Management in Banking is a comprehensive reference for the risk management industry, covering all aspects of the field. Now in its fourth edition, this useful guide has been updated with the latest information on ALM, Basel 3, derivatives, liquidity analysis, market risk, structured products, credit risk, securitizations, and more. The new companion website features slides, worked examples, a solutions manual, and the new streamlined, modular approach allows readers to easily find the information they need. Coverage includes asset liability management, risk-based capital, value at risk, loan portfolio management, capital allocation, and other vital topics, concluding with an examination of the financial crisis through the utilisation of new views such as behavioural finance and nonlinearity of risk. Considered a seminal industry reference since the first edition's release, Risk Management in Banking has been streamlined for easy navigation and updated to reflect the changes in the field, while remaining comprehensive and detailed in approach and coverage. Students and professionals alike will appreciate the extended scope and expert guidance as they: * Find all "need-to-know" risk management topics in a single text * Discover the latest research and the new practices * Understand all aspects of risk management and banking management * See the recent crises and the lessons learned from a new perspective Risk management is becoming increasingly vital to the banking industry even as it grows more complex. New developments and advancing technology continue to push the field forward, and professionals need to stay up-to-date with in-depth information on the latest practices. Risk Management in Banking provides a comprehensive reference to the most current state of the industry, with complete information and expert guidance.

The 1996 elections revealed that unmistakable, dramatic changes have occurred in the way federal campaigns are paid for. Through soft money donations, issue advocacy campaigns, and other strategems, parties and candidates have been able to circumvent the regulations put in place after the Watergate scandal.

Despite rhetorical condemnations, there is every reason to expect these trends to continue in the future.

This study of the 1996 election -- the latest in a highly praised series sponsored by the Citizens' Research Foundation -- systematically examines the new campaign finance practices and their consequences.

This study catalogues campaign finance practices and their consequences. Topics covered include the sea-change in campaign finance; presidential and congressional candidate committees; and categories of campaign contributors, ranging from individual donors to interest groups.

Recent events in East Asia have highlighted the risks of volatility and contagion in a financially integrated world. Countries in the region had been at the forefront of the movement towards increased integration but the crisis that struck Thailand in July 1997, and the rapidity with which it spread to other East Asian nations, suggested that all was not well. Weaknesses in domestic financial intermediation, poor corporate governance and deficient government responses to large capital inflows all played a role in the build-up of vulnerability. Asia-Pacific Financial Deregulation provides an insight into financial liberalisation and structural reform in the region generally and as illustrated by a number of countries.

Recent events in East Asia have highlighted the risks of volatility and contagion in a financially integrated world. Countries in the region had been at the forefront of the movement towards increased integration but the crisis that struck Thailand in July 1997, and the rapidity with which it spread to other East Asian nations, suggested that all was not well. Weaknesses in domestic financial intermediation, poor corporate governance and deficient government responses to large capital inflows all played a role in the build-up of vulnerability. Asia-Pacific Financial Deregulation provides an insight into financial liberalisation and structural reform in the region generally and as illustrated by a number of countries.

This book argues with facts and figures that a small group of New York banks, by means of term loans and working in close collaboration with their affiliated life insurance companies, exerted a strong influence over the supply of money and credit, and thus over the economy, throughout the years of the Depression. This study analyzes the growth of term loan under the depression, the concentration of the loans in a handful of powerful New York banks, the interplay between these banks and large life insurance companies in the capital market, and the resulting economic consequences. It also details the changes that took place in the leadership within the financial hierarchy during the depression: the J.D. Rockefeller interests replaced the Morgan-First National interests as the country's dominant financial power- a change that has escaped previous scholarly notice.
Originally used as a credit instrument to finance distressed corporations during the prolonged depression, term lending by commercial banks gained momentum in the mid-1930s and had, by 1940, accounted for 30-50% of the outstanding loans held by New York, and Chicago banks. Although a number of studies have attempted to explain the significance of term loans in corporate finance during this period, their treatment of the subject was relatively limited in scope due to absence of systematic data on loans provided by individual banks to their corporate borrowers. This study is the first to investigate all the loans reported by the borrowing corporations to the Securities Exchange Commission between 1935 and 1941 and also to make use of the abundant related materials that appear in a wide range of journals and public documents.Contrary to widely held belief, the banking reforms of the New Deal era failed to reduce Wall Street's influence over finance and industry.

The aim of this book, first published in 1971, is to give the student of monetary economics a clear understanding of the theoretical potentialities of monetary policy as well as the practical limitations that prevent these potentialities from being realised. This volume discusses the central bank's operations in both long- and short-term financial markets, the effects of foreign inflows and outflows of funds, the implications of government budgetary policy, and the repercussions of the activity of non-bank financial institutions. Monetary Management should be of interest to students of finance and to all those concerned by controversies about the operation of monetary policy.

This study examines how the shared cultural values of employees in a Polish firm influence management attempts top transform organizational practices in a newly privatized factory. By introducing a foreign management approach, Total Quality Management (TQM), the management of this factory presents a potential conflict of values between the employees and the management philosophy. Tracing the historical and contemporary impact of traditional, political and religious influences in Poland and utilizing ethnographic techniques of observation, interviews, and secondary source data, the author identifies four patterns of shared mindsets. These mindsets, insecurity and instability, distrust, reluctance to assume responsibility and a struggle between individualism and collectivism generate resistance to the successful implementation of TQM in this factory.
Organizational studies research has identified cultural differences in values but previous studies have not examined the congruence assessment that employees make when confronted with a management intervention, such as TQM. The author finds that an incongruence between societal values and the values the employees perceive are embedded in the TQM approach produced actual outcomes that are not consistent with TQM objectives of empowerment, teamwork, visionary leadership and continuous improvement of quality. Employees demonstrated a reduced sense of empowerment, team goals that are counterproductive to organizational goals, autocratic leadership and an increased focus but not sustainable effort toward improving quality.
The book examines the reasons for these results through detailed description and extensive quotations from employees both inside the Polish firm and throughout Polish society.

An increase in the restrictions on the availability of funding for new and growing businesses in the aftermath of the global financial crisis has been accompanied by the emergence and growth of crowdfunding as an alternative method of raising capital. Crowdfunding contributes towards the disintermediation of the finance market as funders and promoters are brought together directly, democratising both fundraising by businesses and investment by individuals. This book extends entrepreneurial finance research to the study of crowdfunding. Contributions review the history, status and future of crowdfunding, analyse the patterns of fundraising, assess the potential of crowdfunding for the financing of social ventures in particular, and discuss the regulatory implications of recent developments. What is clear from this collection is that the crowdfunding space is still evolving, institutional forms are still developing as models are refined, new institutional collaborations (e.g. between equity platforms and business angel networks) are emerging, and new challenges, particularly regulatory challenges, are being encountered. While crowdfunding is not a universal solution for SME finance in a post-crisis financial landscape, it remains too early to determine whether crowdfunding represents a large-scale transformation of the early stage risk capital market or a minor addition to it. This book was originally published as a special issue of Venture Capital.

This work combines the teaching and explanation of spreadsheets with the essentials of finance and economics in a visual, interactive and project-based approach. Students progressively build skills in Microsoft Excel 97, by proceeding through a variety of basic applications. Although Microsoft Excel 97 is used as the demonstrative spreadsheet, the book is intended for use by other spreadsheet users. The accompanying disk contains spreadsheet files on which the text is based and the data for the exercises and assignement following each chapter.

Series Information:
Foundations of the Market Economy

This book presents the most important published articles of Martin Shubik who has made a path-breaking contribution to game theory and political economy. The volume shows how game theory can be used to explore fundamental problems in economics, political science and operations research.The book opens with an introduction to the career of Martin Shubik and the influences which have shaped his research. In this, and the chapters which follow, Martin Shubik stresses the importance of formulative models as playable games and the treatment of information to describe decision making among individuals, using examples from industrial organization. He demonstrates that games are a fruitful way to extend our knowledge of competition among the few. In addition, he considers the importance of gaming in economics and business suggesting that experimental games can be used to illustrate problems and principles in multi-person decision making. This book will be welcomed by economists, game theorists, political scientists, and operations researchers.

Why is the Federal Reserve System so powerful and autonomous? The autonomy of the central bank in the United States is the joint product of strategic choices made by decision makers in the Fed and choices made by members of Congress. Fed decision makers update administrative procedure in ways that frustrate representative control of monetary policy. Members of Congress tolerate experimentation with procedures and rules because Fed independence creates an obstacle for presidents interested in controlling macroeconomic outcomes for electoral or partisan gain. Central bank autonomy is not a serious threat for members of Congress, as they independently develop a number of federal credit programs to counteract the consequences of monetary policy choices for particular sectors of the economy (notably, home construction and small business enterprise).

The transformation of the Federal Reserve System reveals how gradual and incremental institutional changes can affect the strategies of political actors and policy outcomes. This finding challenges the dominant description of institutional change that has informed applied work on political institutions in both international relations and American politics. Conventional descriptions emphasize long periods of institutional stability punctuated by short periods of rapid change. Institutional change at the Fed is a gradual and continuous process. Incremental changes in monetary policy institutions (reserve requirements, open market rules, selective credit regulations) reveal the rich variety of strategic options for bureaucrats who desire autonomy from elected officials and the real effects of changing policy institutions on macroeconomic andcapital market outcomes.

As the world's financial markets become increasingly integrated and competitive Financial Systems: Principals and Organization offers an explanation of how and why change occurs. Data from four major financial systems are used to highlight principal financial system features. There is also a detailed exploration of the economic principles behind financial deals. It also offers:
* Wider scope than other books on the subject making it an ideal introductory text
* More up-to-date economic explanations
* An international overview of US, Pacific and European economies
This book has already been adopted by the Canadian Institute of Bankers for its financial systems course offered worldwide. Financial Systems will be invaluable reading for students and professionals alike.

As the world's financial markets become increasingly integrated and competitive Financial Systems: Principals and Organization offers an explanation of how and why change occurs. Data from four major financial systems are used to highlight principal financial system features. There is also a detailed exploration of the economic principles behind financial deals. It also offers:
* Wider scope than other books on the subject making it an ideal introductory text
* More up-to-date economic explanations
* An international overview of US, Pacific and European economies
This book has already been adopted by the Canadian Institute of Bankers for its financial systems course offered worldwide. Financial Systems will be invaluable reading for students and professionals alike.

The fundamental ethical problem in bankruptcy is that insolvents have promised to pay their debts but can not keep their promise. The Ethics of Bankruptcy examines the morality of bankruptcy. The author compares and contrasts the Humean doctrine of promises as useful conventions with the Kantian view of autonomous agency constituting promissory obligations; he explores ethical concerns raised by forgiveness, utilitarianism and distributive justice and the moral aspects of insolvents' contractual, fiduciary, tortious and criminal liability. Finally, the author assesses recent bankruptcy law reforms. Bankruptcies severly hurt creditors and society. For the insolvents and their families the experience is painful and stigmatising, yet philosophers have paid little attention to the moral aspects of this violent social phenomenon. The Ethics of Bankruptcy is the first comprehensive study that employs the tools of ethics to examine the controversies surrounding insolvency, which makes valuable and sometimes controversial reading in a decade recovering from the Recession.

This Dictionary consists of some 100,000 terms in both Spanish and English, drawn from the whole range of business, finance and banking terminology. Over 45 subject areas are covered, compiled by a team of international terminologists

Following the internationalisation, globalisation and deregulation of the financial market over the last few decades, the financial sector has evolved from a servicing industry into an initiating and leading sector in the international industrialised economy. The power of the financial sector, including Credit Rating Agencies, determines the creditworthiness of companies and countries. Today's financial sector dominates instead of serving the real economy, which puts substantial pres - sure on all the agencies involved, not least the banks, to make the profits that will drive economic growth. As a result of this pressure, moral conduct in the financial sector has been put under severe strain. This book examines the experience of the recent financial crisis and argues that a firmer ethical grounding for the financial sector is required to prevent the crisis being repeated. The book offers a model for making judgements on financial markets, institutions and products. The model is built on seven major criteria which are examined in depth: Justice, Nature, Sustainability, Legality, Risk and Return, the Stakeholder model and Monism. This multidisciplinary approach integrates philosophy, economics and law to arrive at a new normative approach to financial ethics. This book is a must-read for finance students at academic levels but also for professionals in the financial sector, who can be helped by implementing the model of NFE in solving financial dilemmas.

The recent financial crisis exposed both a naive faith in mathematical models to manage risk and a crude culture of greed that embraces risk. This book explores cultures of finance in sites such as corporate governance, hedge funds, central banks, the City of London and Wall Street, and small and medium enterprises. It uses different methods to explore these cultures and their interaction with different financial orders to improve our understanding of financial crisis dynamics. The introduction identifies types of cultural turn in studies of finance. Part I outlines relevant research methods, including comparison of national cultures viewed as independent variables, cultural political economy, and critical discourse and narrative policy analysis. Part II examines different institutional cultures of finance and the cult of entrepreneurship. Part III offers historical, comparative, and contemporary analyses of financial regimes and their significance for crisis dynamics. Part IV explores organizational cultures, modes of calculation, and financial practices and how they shape economic performance and guide crisis management. Part V considers crisis construals and responses in the European Union and China. This book's great strength is its multi-faceted approach to cultures of finance. Contributors deploy the cultural turn creatively to enhance comparative and historical analysis of financial regimes, institutions, organizations, and practices as well as their roles in crisis generation, construal, and management. Developing different paradigms and methods and elaborating diverse case studies, the authors illustrate not only how and why 'culture matters' but also how its significance is shaped by different financial regimes and contexts.

Financial markets have been revolutionized by megaspeed transmission technology and the integration of regional economic blocs. The global village has become a reality as markets are connected across nations by the invisible hand of worldwide trade. This title explores these recent changes in financial markets. Areas discussed include Latin America, Europe, the US, Mexico and India. The book updates issues including: risk and its minimization; business enterprise on world markets; capital flows and capital flights; offshore markets; and central bank intervention.