This book combines core chapters on different aspects of sustainable transport and health, together with case studies of particular approaches to synthesise walking and health in cities around the globe. Walking as a research area is multifaceted and this book presents chapters which synthesise the current state of research and practice, which will be of interest to readers, both academic and professional, and point to areas that will feature prominently in future research domains. Although the links between transport and health have long been recognised in the transport and health disciplines separately, it is a fairly recent phenomenon that they have been seen as a legitimate inter- and multi-disciplinary area. The areas of intersection have become more obvious with better understanding between the different disciplines with mutual and explicit understanding that great benefits come from recognising synergies between disciplinary approaches to similar problems. The connections between walking and health have benefited from a better understanding of the contributions of different disciplines. This book exploits this multidisciplinary approach.

In this timely work, James Giermanski describes the advent and development of security operations in the global supply chain, outlining the respective contributions of governmental and nongovernmental stakeholders to this worldwide concern. Global Supply Chain Security explores the potential impact of port-related catastrophic events in the United States and their effects worldwide, concentrating, in particular, on the United States' contribution to global container security. Offering insights on deficiencies in U.S. policies, Giermanski underscores the vulnerabilities in the supply chain that U.S. government agencies have ignored, avoided, and even denied. Global Supply Chain Security treats both the terrestrial and maritime borders of the United States, reserving for special analysis the threat to the nation's southern border of hazardous materials or materials in transshipment or in-bond, as well as the questionable leadership exhibited by the Department of Homeland Security in its diagnosis and treatment of these threats. Finally, Giermanski covers the important role played by the private sector and the off-the-shelf, innovative products that have been introduced to supply chain management and security.

This book provides a political history of urban traffic congestion in the twentieth century, and explores how and why experts from a range of professional disciplines have attempted to solve what they have called 'the traffic problem'. It draws on case studies of historical traffic projects in London to trace the relationship among technologies, infrastructures, politics, and power on the capital's congested streets. From the visions of urban planners to the concrete realities of engineers, and from the demands of traffic cops and economists to the new world of electronic surveillance, the book examines the political tensions embedded in the streets of our world cities. It also reveals the hand of capital in our traffic landscape. This book challenges conventional wisdom on urban traffic congestion, deploying a broad array of historical and material sources to tell a powerful account of how our cities work and why traffic remains such a problem. It is a welcome addition to literature on histories and geographies of urban mobility and will appeal to students and researchers in the fields of urban history, transport studies, historical geography, planning history, and the history of technology.

Public Transportation Quality of Service: Factors, Models, and Applications is the first book to help researchers better understand the contributing factors that can improve public transportation perception among users. The book compiles in one place metrics currently dispersed in journal articles, government publications and book chapters. It critically analyzes currently available modeling methodologies such as the Ordered Logit/Probit model and Models of Structural Equations, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. The book addresses models of desired quality, including the views of users and non-users, discussing the gap between desired and perceived quality. The book also examines data mining approaches such as decision trees and neural networks, showing how to involve the public in the decision-making process to create policies that encourage public transport demand. Measuring passenger's views on public transportation is of critical concern to promote wider transit use in cities around the world.

This book highlights the latest advancements in the planning and operation of plug-in electric vehicles (PEV). In-depth, the book presents essential planning and operation techniques to manage the PEV fleet and handle the related uncertainties associated with the drivers' behavior. Several viewpoints are presented in the book, ranging from the local distribution companies to generation companies to the aggregators. Problems such as parking lot allocation and charging management are investigated, taking into consideration the technical, geographical, and social aspects in a smart grid infrastructure. Discusses the technical specifications of electrical distribution and generation systems; Models drivers' behavior from the sociology and economic points of view; Considers the real geographical characteristics of area and driving routes in San Francisco, CA, US; Chicago, IL, US; and Tehran, Iran.

'Hurry' is an intrinsic component of modernity. It exists not only in tandem with modern constructions of mobility, speed, rhythm, and time-space compression, but also with infrastructures, technologies, practices, and emotions associated with the experience of the 'mobilizing modern'. 'Hurry' is not simply speed. It may result in congestion, slowing-down, or inaction in the face of over-stimulus. Speeding-up is often competitive: faster traffic on better roads made it harder for pedestrians to cross, or for horse-drawn vehicles and cyclists to share the carriageway with motorized vehicles. Focusing on the cultural and material manifestations of 'hurry', the book's contributors analyse the complexities, tensions, and contradictions inherent in the impulse to higher rates of circulation in modernizing cities. The collection includes, but also goes beyond, accounts of new forms of mobility (bicycles, buses, underground trains) and infrastructure (street layouts and surfaces, business exchanges, and hotels) to show how modernity's 'architectures of hurry' have been experienced, represented, and practised since the mid nineteenth century. Ten case studies explore different expressions of 'hurry' across cities and urban regions in Asia, Europe, and North and South America, and substantial introductory and concluding chapters situate 'hurry' in the wider context of modernity and mobility studies and reflect on the future of 'hurry' in an ever-accelerating world. This diverse collection will be relevant to researchers, scholars, and practitioners in the fields of planning, cultural and historical geography, urban history, and urban sociology.

Introduction to Senior Transportation focuses on an issue that is a growing concern-the community mobility needs of older adults. Surpassing the coverage available in existing gerontology textbooks, it enables the reader to understand and appreciate the challenges faced by older adults as they make the transition from driving to using transportation options (many of which were not designed to meet their particular needs). It considers the physical and cognitive limitations of older adult passengers, the family of transportation services, the challenges providers face in meeting the assistance and support needs of senior passengers, and the transportation methods that do and do not currently meet the needs and wants of senior passengers. This textbook addresses the educational and professional development needs of faculty, students, and practitioners working in the fields of aging, aging services, and transportation. The book has been class-tested and features innovative, practical learning tools that appeal to students and practitioners. It complements any introductory course in gerontology, human development and aging, or human factors, and will enhance the curriculum of programs in the social behavioral sciences as well as traffic safety, transit engineering, and community planning.

Liner Ship Fleet Planning: Models and Algorithms systematically introduces the latest research on modeling and optimization for liner ship fleet planning with demand uncertainty. Container shipping companies have struggled since the financial crisis of 2007-2008, making it critical for them to make informed decisions about their fleet planning and development. Current and future shipping professionals require systematic approaches for investigating and solving their fleet planning problems, as well as methodologies for addressing their other shipping responsibilities. Liner Ship Fleet Planning addresses these needs, providing the most recent quantitative research of liner shipping in maritime transportation. The research and methods provided assist those tasked with optimizing shipping efficiency and fleet deployment in the face of uncertain demand. Suitable for those with any level of quantitative background, the book serves as a valuable resource for both maritime academics, and shipping professionals involved in planning and scheduling departments.

As bicycle commuting grows in the United States, the profile of the white, middle-class cyclist has emerged. This stereotype evolves just as investments in cycling play an increasingly important role in neighborhood transformations. However, despite stereotypes, the cycling public is actually quite diverse, with the greatest share falling into the lowest income categories. Bicycle Justice and Urban Transformation demonstrates that for those with privilege, bicycling can be liberatory, a lifestyle choice, whereas for those surviving at the margins, cycling is not a choice, but an often oppressive necessity. Ignoring these "invisible" cyclists skews bicycle improvements towards those with choices. This book argues that it is vital to contextualize bicycling within a broader social justice framework if investments are to serve all street users equitably. "Bicycle justice" is an inclusionary social movement based on furthering material equity and the recognition that qualitative differences matter. This book illustrates equitable bicycle advocacy, policy and planning. In synthesizing the projects of critical cultural studies, transportation justice and planning, the book reveals the relevance of social justice to public and community-driven investments in cycling. This book will interest professionals, advocates, academics and students in the fields of transportation planning, urban planning, community development, urban geography, sociology and policy.

This book discusses various transport sustainability issues from the perspective of developing countries, exploring key issues, problems and potential solutions for improving transport sustainability in China. It first reviews the current transport sustainability baselines in the three key dimensions of environmental, economic and social sustainability, via an international comparison encompassing both developed and developing countries in different world regions. Then, with a time frame up to 2030, the study groups 100 major Chinese cities according to their baseline conditions, projected population and economic growth, and common sustainability challenges in passenger transport. A systematic attempt is made to discuss the characteristics, strengths and weaknesses of various emerging sustainable transport strategies, including the metro systems, bus rapid transit, light rail, bicycles (and e-bicycles), electric vehicles and walking. Based on the different city clusters identified, the study then explores the opportunities and constraints of introducing a range of emerging sustainable transport strategies through both statistical analysis and detailed fieldwork. Future directions and challenges are identified based on official documents, onsite observations and interviews with local people. The study concludes with thoughts on sustainable transport in smart cities, the importance of governance, local participation, internal and external city movements, and towards a holistic sustainable transport plan. Unsustainable Transport and Transition in China will be of great interest to scholars interested in carbon emissions, climate change, environmental policy, planning, road safety, sustainability, transportation and urban studies, and is relevant to China and other developing countries.

Vulnerability Analysis for Transportation Networks provides an integrated framework for understanding and addressing how transportation networks across all modes perform when parts of the network fail or are substantially degraded, such as extreme weather events, natural disasters, road crashes, congestion incidents or road repair. The book reviews the range of existing approaches to network vulnerability and identifies the application of each approach, illustrating them with case studies from around the world. The book covers the dimensions of time (hours, days, weeks, months and years), spatial coverage (national networks, regional areas, metropolitan and urbanized areas) and modes (road, urban public transport and national railway systems). It shows how the provided framework can be used to indicate the most suitable accessibility tools and metrics for a particular application. Vulnerability Analysis for Transportation Networks is for academics and researchers in transportation networks and for practicing professionals involved in the planning and management of transportation networks and services.

Modernity has entrusted technology with such power that it is treated as an autonomous entity, with its own manners and morals. Technological disruptions are also socially disruptive: technological failures reveal both the constituents of the technology itself and the social fabric woven by this technology. Cities are the quintessential technological arrangement, not only materially but also as a conceptual framework: the ubiquity of technology makes us think and plan cities mostly in terms of technological arrangements. Unplugging the City: The Urban Phenomenon and its Sociotechnical Controversies proposes a conceptual and methodological framework for analyzing certain urban phenomena as a technological assemblage. It demonstrates, through multiple case studies, the sociotechnical complexities involved in the stabilization and disruption of urban technological arrangements. Examples range from the urban phantasmagorias portrayed in science-fiction movies to the urban proposals of Brasilia and Masdar, from the book of bike-sharing systems to pervasive global surveillance systems. Written by Fabio Duarte and Rodrigo Firmino, based on their original research and publications, this is an essential resource for those interested in the theory and study of technology and its inextricable influence on the city.

Increased redevelopment, the dismantling of public housing, and increasing housing costs are forcing a shift in migration of lower income and transit dependent populations to the suburbs. These suburbs are often missing basic transportation, and strategies to address this are lacking. This absence of public transit creates barriers to viable employment and accessibility to cultural networks, and plays a role in increasing social inequality. This book investigates how housing and transport policy have played their role in creating these "Transit Deserts," and what impact race has upon those likely to be affected. Diane Jones Allen uses research from New Orleans, Baltimore, and Chicago to explore the forces at work in these situations, as well as proposing potential solutions. Mapping, interviews, photographs, and narratives all come together to highlight the inequities and challenges in Transit Deserts, where a lack of access can make all journeys, such as to jobs, stores, or relatives, much more difficult. Alternatives to public transit abound, from traditional methods such as biking and carpooling to more culturally specific tactics, and are examined comprehensively. This is valuable reading for students and researchers interested in transport planning, urban planning, city infrastructure, and transport geography.

Port Cybersecurity: Securing Critical Information Infrastructures and Supply Chains examines a paradigm shift in the way ports assess cyber risks and vulnerabilities, as well as relevant risk management methodologies, by focusing on initiatives and efforts that attempt to deal with the risks and vulnerabilities of port Critical Information Infrastructures (CII) ecosystems. Modern commercial shipping ports are highly dependent on the operation of complex, dynamic ICT systems and ICT-based maritime supply chains, making these central points in the maritime supply chain vulnerable to cybersecurity threats.

What challenges do pedestrians and cyclists face in cities of the developing world? What opportunities do these cities have to provide for walking and cycling? Based on in-depth research conducted in Cape Town (South Africa), Dar es Salaam (Tanzania) and Nairobi (Kenya), this book explores these questions by presenting work on walking and cycling travel behaviour, the status of road safety in these cities, as well as an analysis of the infrastructure for walking and cycling, and the workings of the institutions responsible for planning for these modes. The book also presents case studies relating to particular opportunities and challenges, such as the development and evaluation of ‘walking bus’ interventions, and the opportunities micro-simulation of pedestrian interventions offers within a data-scarce environment.

Non-motorized Transport Integration into Urban Transport Planning in Africa demonstrates that transport and urban planning remains situated in a logic of automobile-dependent transport planning and global city development. This logic of practice does not pay adequate attention to walking and cycling. It argues that a significant shift in both policy as well as political commitment is needed so as to prioritize walking and cycling as strategies for sustainable transport policy in urban Africa.

This book will be a key text for practitioners and policy makers working in planning, transport policy and urban development in Africa, as well as students and scholars of African studies, development studies, urban geography, transport studies and sustainable development.

Table of Contents

1. Challenges and Opportunities for Non-Motorised Transport in Urban Africa

Marianne Vanderschuren, Gail Jennings, Meleckidzedeck Khayesi and Winnie Mitullah

2. Non-motorised transport travel behaviour in Cape Town, Dar es Salam and Nairobi Marianne Vanderschuren and Gail Jennings

3. Pedestrian crossing behaviour in Cape Town and Nairobi

Roger Behrens and George Makajuma

4. Road safety and non-motorised transport in African Cities

Marianne Vanderschuren and Mark Zuidgeest

5. Types of injuries and treatment of pedestrians admitted to a referral hospital in Nairobi city, Kenya

Japheths Ogendi

6. Safety of vulnerable road users in urban centres: Kinondoni Municipality, Dar es Salaam

Estomihi Masaoe

7. Non-motorised transport infrastructure provision in Nairobi

Winnie Mitullah and Romanus Opiyo

8. Non-motorised transport infrastructure assessment in Cape Town

Jennifer Baufeldt and Marianne Vanderschuren

9. Access and mobility: multi-modal approaches to transport infrastructure planning

Edward Beukes, Marianne Vanderschuren and Mark Zuidgeest

10. Implementation and evaluation of walking buses and cycle trains in Cape Town and Dar es Salaam

Hannibal Bwire, Patrick Muchaka, Roger Behrens and Patrick Chacha

11. The use of microscopic simulation modelling techniques to assess and predict road safety through an analysis of road user and infrastructure interaction in Cape Town

Rahul Jobanputra

12. Effectiveness of institutional and policy framework for walking and cycling provision in Cape Town, Dar-es-Salaam and Nairobi

Winnie Mitullah and Romanus Opiyo

13. When bicycle lanes are not enough: Growing mode share in Cape Town: an analysis of policy and practice

Gail Jennings, Brett Petzer and Ezra Goldman

14. Grounding urban walking and cycling research in a political economy framework

Meleckidzedeck Khayesi, Todd Litman, Eduardo Vasconcellos and Winnie Mitullah

Several studies and research projects all over the world have considered transport pricing strategies as promising attempts to solve the urgent traffic problems in urban areas. However, empirical results have shown that public and political acceptability of such strategies is low. Until now, acceptance research in transport has occurred in comparative isolation. There are no standardized terms and no generally recognized research methodologies. This volume attempts to overcome this research problem and bring the disciplines involved together. The first aim is a contribution to an interdisciplinary exchange which covers all relevant aspects of acceptance. Contributions come from some of the most recognized psychologists, economists, civil engineers, sociologists and political scientists in the field, including Bruno S. Frey, Tommy Gorling, Peter Jones, Jos Viegas, Tony May, Stef Proost, and other authors. The second aim is to look deeper into the question of which determinants influence the amount of acceptability. A third aim deals with chances to overcome the lack of public and political acceptability, to bring together the most advanced state of the art and to propose forthcoming and possible solutions for implementing different kinds of travel demand management measures including pricing. The book is based upon papers presented at the MC ICAM conference on Acceptability of Transport Pricing Strategies, held in Dresden, 23-24 May, 2002. It is divided into four parts, Setting the Stage: Acceptability Problem, European Research Results, Behind Public Acceptability: Relevant Determinants, and Political Acceptability, and tackles several relevant parts from a theoretical as well as from a practical viewpoint by asking questions like: how to explain the different levels of public acceptability of various travel demand management measures? Which factors influence the level of acceptability? How to deal with political acceptability problems? What should future implementation approaches look like from the point of view of acceptability?

Across the nation, the debate over metropolitan sprawl and its impact has become pivotal to urban planning. A decade and a half ago, Smart Growth America and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sought to raise the level of the debate by sponsoring groundbreaking research to quantitatively measure sprawl and its quality-of-life impacts. The resulting measures are widely used in urban research and public health. Costs of Sprawl provides a panoramic guide to urban form in America, measures sprawl for metropolitan areas, urbanized areas, and counties, and studies the relationship between sprawl and quality-of-life outcomes. From this preliminary investigation, it looks like the costs of sprawl are varied and substantial, and the alternative of compact development is far superior. An essential read for researchers, planners, urban designers, policy makers, and smart growth advocates in the U.S. and abroad, this book provides a comprehensive and detailed analysis of one of the most critical issues in planning today.

Sustainable Mass Transit: Challenges and Opportunities in Urban Public Transportation examines the numerous types of mass transit systems, looking closely at all their key functions, including operations, maintenance, development, design, building and retrofitting. It examines the mitigation measures that reduce or eliminate negative environmental impacts, including green infrastructure, materials conservation, ecological conservation and other sustainable initiatives. The book explores organizational best practices, environmental regulatory constraints and life-cycle assessments, describing which sustainable elements can be added while rehabilitating or expanding a mass transportation infrastructure or ancillary facility. The book concludes with a look at forthcoming sustainable initiatives that will enhance mass transit systems.

This book breaks new ground in the studies of green transition. It frames the ongoing transformation in terms of a "battle of modernities" with the emerging vision of ecomodernity as the final destination. It also offers a systematic exploration of the potential for extensive transformation of carbon-intensive sectors - with a focus on energy and transport - towards a low or post-carbon economy. The book does so in a comparative perspective, by pointing to a diversity of techno-economic and institutional solutions in the mature Western economies, and in the rapidly growing East and developing South. The contributors highlight a broad spectrum of available alternatives as well as illuminate conflicting interests involved. They also demonstrate how solutions to the climate challenge require parallel technological and governance innovation. The book advocates a new, overarching vision and agenda of ecomodernity - based on a synergistic paradigm-shift in industry, politics and culture - to trigger and sustain the ecological innovation necessary to tip development in a green direction. This vision cannot be monolithic; rather, it should reflect the diverse interests and conditions of the global population. This book is aimed at researchers and postgraduate students of energy, transport, environmental and climate policies, as well as development, environment, innovation and sustainability.

This book brings together research working at the boundary between design knowledges and mobilities, offering a novel collection for both theorists and practitioners. Drawing upon detailed case studies, it demonstrates the diverse roles of design in shaping mobility at different spaces and scales: across cities; within different types of buildings and infrastructures; and through commuting, work and leisure activities. A range of international scholars illustrate the designed mobilities of car parks, traffic lights, street benches, pedestrian wayfinding systems and accessible design in the urban environment; they examine spaces within hospitals, airports and train stations and investigate design practices for bicycles, future urban vehicles and MotoGP motorcycle racing. Other contributions explore overlooked mobile artefacts such as television and video game remote controls, 3D printing and the types of packaging which enable objects themselves to move around. This book demonstrates how the tools, assumptions and processes of design shape spaces of mobility, and also illuminates how shifts in the fluidity and circulation of people, practices and materials in turn reconfigure practices of design. Mobilising Design develops multi-disciplinary understandings of design, drawing upon diverse literatures including design history, product design, architecture and cultural geography. By highlighting often invisible artefacts and associated knowledges and controversies, the book foregrounds the taken-for-granted ways in which everyday mobility is designed. It will be of interest to scholars in geography, sociology, economic history, architecture, design and urban theory.

Originally published in 1979, this study deals on a fully comprehensive level with both passenger and freight travel. The 40 chapters deal with an extensive range of related topics, including equilibrium modelling, theoretical and conceptual developments in demand modelling, goods movement and forecasting and policy. It outlines approaches to understanding travel behaviour, which move beyond the individual choice theory towards a broader consideration of activities.

Originally published in 1983, this volume examines one of the most long-standing major commercial water-arteries of Western and Central Europe: The Rhine. Since the mid 20th Century its importance has been given new stimulus by the intensified mobility of economic circulation generated by the EU – forming as it does a common axis to that organisation’s original six members. The Rhine is one of the world’s busiest rivers and therefore provides an excellent case study in the development of inland waterway transport, not only because of its complex physical nature, but also because of the diversity of economic, social and political patterns along its course.

High speed rail (HSR) is being touted as a strategic investment for connecting people across regions, while also fostering prosperity and smart urban growth. However, as its popularity increases, its implementation has become contentious with various parties contesting the validity of socioeconomic and environmental objectives put forward as justification for investment. High Speed Rail and Sustainability explores the environmental, economic and social effects of developing a HSR system, presenting new evaluations of the proposed system in California in the US as well as lessons from international experience. Drawing upon the accumulated experience from past HSR system development around the world, leading experts present a diverse set of perspectives as well as diverse contexts of implementation. Assessments of the California case as well as cases from Japan, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Taiwan, China, and the UK show how governments and stakeholders have bridged the gap between the vision and the realities of connecting metropolitan regions through HSR. This is a valuable resource for academics, researchers and policy-makers in the areas of urban planning, civil engineering, transportation and environmental design.

This unique volume presents the achievements of the land, sea and air transport industry of Singapore in the last 50 years after Singapore gained its independence in 1965. It provides a comprehensive overview of Singapore's progress in transportation from a typical third world system in the 1960s to one that is currently in the top league globally in all aspects of passenger and freight transportation. Singapore's successes in land transport planning, urban traffic management, and public transport systems provide valuable experience for major cities worldwide. The emergence of the Singapore Port as the most efficient container port in the world is another success story that inspires both established and up-and-coming port operators alike. The ambitious goal of Singapore to develop itself into a maritime knowledge hub of the future is a bold and exciting undertaking catching worldwide attention. In air transport, Singapore is well known for its efficiency as a major regional hub.This book examines in detail the important milestones and background developments that have led to the highly advanced state of transportation systems in the land, sea and air transport of Singapore today. Each chapter is written by professionals who are themselves part of the success stories presented. The chapter authors are specially invited to provide a professional account of the topics of their expertise. The authors have been able to draw on extensive amounts of published and unpublished documents and reports to present a comprehensive picture for the subject of interest in each chapter. As a whole, the book offers a hollistic and informative professional reference book on the major happenings and achievements of Singapore in the transportation sector.

This unique volume presents the achievements of the land, sea and air transport industry of Singapore in the last 50 years after Singapore gained its independence in 1965. It provides a comprehensive overview of Singapore's progress in transportation from a typical third world system in the 1960s to one that is currently in the top league globally in all aspects of passenger and freight transportation. Singapore's successes in land transport planning, urban traffic management, and public transport systems provide valuable experience for major cities worldwide. The emergence of the Singapore Port as the most efficient container port in the world is another success story that inspires both established and up-and-coming port operators alike. The ambitious goal of Singapore to develop itself into a maritime knowledge hub of the future is a bold and exciting undertaking catching worldwide attention. In air transport, Singapore is well known for its efficiency as a major regional hub.This book examines in detail the important milestones and background developments that have led to the highly advanced state of transportation systems in the land, sea and air transport of Singapore today. Each chapter is written by professionals who are themselves part of the success stories presented. The chapter authors are specially invited to provide a professional account of the topics of their expertise. The authors have been able to draw on extensive amounts of published and unpublished documents and reports to present a comprehensive picture for the subject of interest in each chapter. As a whole, the book offers a hollistic and informative professional reference book on the major happenings and achievements of Singapore in the transportation sector.