Liner Ship Fleet Planning: Models and Algorithms systematically introduces the latest research on modeling and optimization for liner ship fleet planning with demand uncertainty. Container shipping companies have struggled since the financial crisis of 2007-2008, making it critical for them to make informed decisions about their fleet planning and development. Current and future shipping professionals require systematic approaches for investigating and solving their fleet planning problems, as well as methodologies for addressing their other shipping responsibilities. Liner Ship Fleet Planning addresses these needs, providing the most recent quantitative research of liner shipping in maritime transportation. The research and methods provided assist those tasked with optimizing shipping efficiency and fleet deployment in the face of uncertain demand. Suitable for those with any level of quantitative background, the book serves as a valuable resource for both maritime academics, and shipping professionals involved in planning and scheduling departments.

This book discusses various transport sustainability issues from the perspective of developing countries, exploring key issues, problems and potential solutions for improving transport sustainability in China. It first reviews the current transport sustainability baselines in the three key dimensions of environmental, economic and social sustainability, via an international comparison encompassing both developed and developing countries in different world regions. Then, with a time frame up to 2030, the study groups 100 major Chinese cities according to their baseline conditions, projected population and economic growth, and common sustainability challenges in passenger transport. A systematic attempt is made to discuss the characteristics, strengths and weaknesses of various emerging sustainable transport strategies, including the metro systems, bus rapid transit, light rail, bicycles (and e-bicycles), electric vehicles and walking. Based on the different city clusters identified, the study then explores the opportunities and constraints of introducing a range of emerging sustainable transport strategies through both statistical analysis and detailed fieldwork. Future directions and challenges are identified based on official documents, onsite observations and interviews with local people. The study concludes with thoughts on sustainable transport in smart cities, the importance of governance, local participation, internal and external city movements, and towards a holistic sustainable transport plan. Unsustainable Transport and Transition in China will be of great interest to scholars interested in carbon emissions, climate change, environmental policy, planning, road safety, sustainability, transportation and urban studies, and is relevant to China and other developing countries.

Modernity has entrusted technology with such power that it is treated as an autonomous entity, with its own manners and morals. Technological disruptions are also socially disruptive: technological failures reveal both the constituents of the technology itself and the social fabric woven by this technology. Cities are the quintessential technological arrangement, not only materially but also as a conceptual framework: the ubiquity of technology makes us think and plan cities mostly in terms of technological arrangements. Unplugging the City: The Urban Phenomenon and its Sociotechnical Controversies proposes a conceptual and methodological framework for analyzing certain urban phenomena as a technological assemblage. It demonstrates, through multiple case studies, the sociotechnical complexities involved in the stabilization and disruption of urban technological arrangements. Examples range from the urban phantasmagorias portrayed in science-fiction movies to the urban proposals of Brasilia and Masdar, from the book of bike-sharing systems to pervasive global surveillance systems. Written by Fabio Duarte and Rodrigo Firmino, based on their original research and publications, this is an essential resource for those interested in the theory and study of technology and its inextricable influence on the city.

Vulnerability Analysis for Transportation Networks provides an integrated framework for understanding and addressing how transportation networks across all modes perform when parts of the network fail or are substantially degraded, such as extreme weather events, natural disasters, road crashes, congestion incidents or road repair. The book reviews the range of existing approaches to network vulnerability and identifies the application of each approach, illustrating them with case studies from around the world. The book covers the dimensions of time (hours, days, weeks, months and years), spatial coverage (national networks, regional areas, metropolitan and urbanized areas) and modes (road, urban public transport and national railway systems). It shows how the provided framework can be used to indicate the most suitable accessibility tools and metrics for a particular application. Vulnerability Analysis for Transportation Networks is for academics and researchers in transportation networks and for practicing professionals involved in the planning and management of transportation networks and services.

Port Cybersecurity: Securing Critical Information Infrastructures and Supply Chains examines a paradigm shift in the way ports assess cyber risks and vulnerabilities, as well as relevant risk management methodologies, by focusing on initiatives and efforts that attempt to deal with the risks and vulnerabilities of port Critical Information Infrastructures (CII) ecosystems. Modern commercial shipping ports are highly dependent on the operation of complex, dynamic ICT systems and ICT-based maritime supply chains, making these central points in the maritime supply chain vulnerable to cybersecurity threats.

Increased redevelopment, the dismantling of public housing, and increasing housing costs are forcing a shift in migration of lower income and transit dependent populations to the suburbs. These suburbs are often missing basic transportation, and strategies to address this are lacking. This absence of public transit creates barriers to viable employment and accessibility to cultural networks, and plays a role in increasing social inequality. This book investigates how housing and transport policy have played their role in creating these "Transit Deserts," and what impact race has upon those likely to be affected. Diane Jones Allen uses research from New Orleans, Baltimore, and Chicago to explore the forces at work in these situations, as well as proposing potential solutions. Mapping, interviews, photographs, and narratives all come together to highlight the inequities and challenges in Transit Deserts, where a lack of access can make all journeys, such as to jobs, stores, or relatives, much more difficult. Alternatives to public transit abound, from traditional methods such as biking and carpooling to more culturally specific tactics, and are examined comprehensively. This is valuable reading for students and researchers interested in transport planning, urban planning, city infrastructure, and transport geography.

What challenges do pedestrians and cyclists face in cities of the developing world? What opportunities do these cities have to provide for walking and cycling? Based on in-depth research conducted in Cape Town (South Africa), Dar es Salaam (Tanzania) and Nairobi (Kenya), this book explores these questions by presenting work on walking and cycling travel behaviour, the status of road safety in these cities, as well as an analysis of the infrastructure for walking and cycling, and the workings of the institutions responsible for planning for these modes. The book also presents case studies relating to particular opportunities and challenges, such as the development and evaluation of ‘walking bus’ interventions, and the opportunities micro-simulation of pedestrian interventions offers within a data-scarce environment.

Non-motorized Transport Integration into Urban Transport Planning in Africa demonstrates that transport and urban planning remains situated in a logic of automobile-dependent transport planning and global city development. This logic of practice does not pay adequate attention to walking and cycling. It argues that a significant shift in both policy as well as political commitment is needed so as to prioritize walking and cycling as strategies for sustainable transport policy in urban Africa.

This book will be a key text for practitioners and policy makers working in planning, transport policy and urban development in Africa, as well as students and scholars of African studies, development studies, urban geography, transport studies and sustainable development.

Table of Contents

1. Challenges and Opportunities for Non-Motorised Transport in Urban Africa

Marianne Vanderschuren, Gail Jennings, Meleckidzedeck Khayesi and Winnie Mitullah

2. Non-motorised transport travel behaviour in Cape Town, Dar es Salam and Nairobi Marianne Vanderschuren and Gail Jennings

3. Pedestrian crossing behaviour in Cape Town and Nairobi

Roger Behrens and George Makajuma

4. Road safety and non-motorised transport in African Cities

Marianne Vanderschuren and Mark Zuidgeest

5. Types of injuries and treatment of pedestrians admitted to a referral hospital in Nairobi city, Kenya

Japheths Ogendi

6. Safety of vulnerable road users in urban centres: Kinondoni Municipality, Dar es Salaam

Estomihi Masaoe

7. Non-motorised transport infrastructure provision in Nairobi

Winnie Mitullah and Romanus Opiyo

8. Non-motorised transport infrastructure assessment in Cape Town

Jennifer Baufeldt and Marianne Vanderschuren

9. Access and mobility: multi-modal approaches to transport infrastructure planning

Edward Beukes, Marianne Vanderschuren and Mark Zuidgeest

10. Implementation and evaluation of walking buses and cycle trains in Cape Town and Dar es Salaam

Hannibal Bwire, Patrick Muchaka, Roger Behrens and Patrick Chacha

11. The use of microscopic simulation modelling techniques to assess and predict road safety through an analysis of road user and infrastructure interaction in Cape Town

Rahul Jobanputra

12. Effectiveness of institutional and policy framework for walking and cycling provision in Cape Town, Dar-es-Salaam and Nairobi

Winnie Mitullah and Romanus Opiyo

13. When bicycle lanes are not enough: Growing mode share in Cape Town: an analysis of policy and practice

Gail Jennings, Brett Petzer and Ezra Goldman

14. Grounding urban walking and cycling research in a political economy framework

Meleckidzedeck Khayesi, Todd Litman, Eduardo Vasconcellos and Winnie Mitullah

Across the nation, the debate over metropolitan sprawl and its impact has become pivotal to urban planning. A decade and a half ago, Smart Growth America and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sought to raise the level of the debate by sponsoring groundbreaking research to quantitatively measure sprawl and its quality-of-life impacts. The resulting measures are widely used in urban research and public health. Costs of Sprawl provides a panoramic guide to urban form in America, measures sprawl for metropolitan areas, urbanized areas, and counties, and studies the relationship between sprawl and quality-of-life outcomes. From this preliminary investigation, it looks like the costs of sprawl are varied and substantial, and the alternative of compact development is far superior. An essential read for researchers, planners, urban designers, policy makers, and smart growth advocates in the U.S. and abroad, this book provides a comprehensive and detailed analysis of one of the most critical issues in planning today.

This book, set within a social gerontology and transport behaviour studies paradigm, examines current debates and issues around transport for older people and its relationship to health and wellbeing for individuals and society as a whole. This timely title explores transport and travel needs and motivations of older people, barriers older people face using public and community transport, difficulties in accessing public spaces for walking and cycling. The safety of older drivers and recent advances in technology are also investigated. Concluding by looking to the future in addressing digital cities, driverless cars and other changes in ICT that may affect older people and their travel behaviour, a variety of global perspectives examine the social aspects of mobility and transport from a psychological, sociological, and geographical perspective. This title will be of interest to those working with older people in the health and wellbeing sector, those involved in transport and town and country planning and academics examining gerontology and associated social science subjects.

This book breaks new ground in the studies of green transition. It frames the ongoing transformation in terms of a "battle of modernities" with the emerging vision of ecomodernity as the final destination. It also offers a systematic exploration of the potential for extensive transformation of carbon-intensive sectors - with a focus on energy and transport - towards a low or post-carbon economy. The book does so in a comparative perspective, by pointing to a diversity of techno-economic and institutional solutions in the mature Western economies, and in the rapidly growing East and developing South. The contributors highlight a broad spectrum of available alternatives as well as illuminate conflicting interests involved. They also demonstrate how solutions to the climate challenge require parallel technological and governance innovation. The book advocates a new, overarching vision and agenda of ecomodernity - based on a synergistic paradigm-shift in industry, politics and culture - to trigger and sustain the ecological innovation necessary to tip development in a green direction. This vision cannot be monolithic; rather, it should reflect the diverse interests and conditions of the global population. This book is aimed at researchers and postgraduate students of energy, transport, environmental and climate policies, as well as development, environment, innovation and sustainability.

High Speed Rail's (HSR) main objective is to attract air passengers between big metropolitan areas however the main territorial implications in many cases occur not in these metropolitan areas but in the intermediate cities. These implications open up new spatial planning possibilities such as decentralization, new regional centres and urban renewal projects. This book presents the experience of 20 years of HSR in Spain including some explicit information, arguments and conclusions derived from HSR in other European Countries. It debates the HSR territorial implications at three scales: national, regional and local, thus being of interest for strategic debates at those scales, such as the decision of new national lines, the pros and cons of deviating the line to reach minor intermediate cities or the selection of precise locations for new stations and the development projects in their surroundings. Comparisons with the recent changes in accessibility, spatial distribution of population and activities, are made with mobility for working purposes and with the characteristics of the HSR passengers. This book also examines the actions, strategies and urban projects that medium size cities can use to make best use of HSR opportunities, synthesising the experience of HSR medium cities in Spain and Europe. The book's conclusions will be of interest, over and above scholars, to transport infrastructure decision makers, city and regional planners and managers, and transport companies.

This book brings together research working at the boundary between design knowledges and mobilities, offering a novel collection for both theorists and practitioners. Drawing upon detailed case studies, it demonstrates the diverse roles of design in shaping mobility at different spaces and scales: across cities; within different types of buildings and infrastructures; and through commuting, work and leisure activities. A range of international scholars illustrate the designed mobilities of car parks, traffic lights, street benches, pedestrian wayfinding systems and accessible design in the urban environment; they examine spaces within hospitals, airports and train stations and investigate design practices for bicycles, future urban vehicles and MotoGP motorcycle racing. Other contributions explore overlooked mobile artefacts such as television and video game remote controls, 3D printing and the types of packaging which enable objects themselves to move around. This book demonstrates how the tools, assumptions and processes of design shape spaces of mobility, and also illuminates how shifts in the fluidity and circulation of people, practices and materials in turn reconfigure practices of design. Mobilising Design develops multi-disciplinary understandings of design, drawing upon diverse literatures including design history, product design, architecture and cultural geography. By highlighting often invisible artefacts and associated knowledges and controversies, the book foregrounds the taken-for-granted ways in which everyday mobility is designed. It will be of interest to scholars in geography, sociology, economic history, architecture, design and urban theory.

High speed rail (HSR) is being touted as a strategic investment for connecting people across regions, while also fostering prosperity and smart urban growth. However, as its popularity increases, its implementation has become contentious with various parties contesting the validity of socioeconomic and environmental objectives put forward as justification for investment. High Speed Rail and Sustainability explores the environmental, economic and social effects of developing a HSR system, presenting new evaluations of the proposed system in California in the US as well as lessons from international experience. Drawing upon the accumulated experience from past HSR system development around the world, leading experts present a diverse set of perspectives as well as diverse contexts of implementation. Assessments of the California case as well as cases from Japan, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Taiwan, China, and the UK show how governments and stakeholders have bridged the gap between the vision and the realities of connecting metropolitan regions through HSR. This is a valuable resource for academics, researchers and policy-makers in the areas of urban planning, civil engineering, transportation and environmental design.

Originally published in 1979, this study deals on a fully comprehensive level with both passenger and freight travel. The 40 chapters deal with an extensive range of related topics, including equilibrium modelling, theoretical and conceptual developments in demand modelling, goods movement and forecasting and policy. It outlines approaches to understanding travel behaviour, which move beyond the individual choice theory towards a broader consideration of activities.

Originally published in 1983, this volume examines one of the most long-standing major commercial water-arteries of Western and Central Europe: The Rhine. Since the mid 20th Century its importance has been given new stimulus by the intensified mobility of economic circulation generated by the EU – forming as it does a common axis to that organisation’s original six members. The Rhine is one of the world’s busiest rivers and therefore provides an excellent case study in the development of inland waterway transport, not only because of its complex physical nature, but also because of the diversity of economic, social and political patterns along its course.

This unique volume presents the achievements of the land, sea and air transport industry of Singapore in the last 50 years after Singapore gained its independence in 1965. It provides a comprehensive overview of Singapore's progress in transportation from a typical third world system in the 1960s to one that is currently in the top league globally in all aspects of passenger and freight transportation. Singapore's successes in land transport planning, urban traffic management, and public transport systems provide valuable experience for major cities worldwide. The emergence of the Singapore Port as the most efficient container port in the world is another success story that inspires both established and up-and-coming port operators alike. The ambitious goal of Singapore to develop itself into a maritime knowledge hub of the future is a bold and exciting undertaking catching worldwide attention. In air transport, Singapore is well known for its efficiency as a major regional hub.This book examines in detail the important milestones and background developments that have led to the highly advanced state of transportation systems in the land, sea and air transport of Singapore today. Each chapter is written by professionals who are themselves part of the success stories presented. The chapter authors are specially invited to provide a professional account of the topics of their expertise. The authors have been able to draw on extensive amounts of published and unpublished documents and reports to present a comprehensive picture for the subject of interest in each chapter. As a whole, the book offers a hollistic and informative professional reference book on the major happenings and achievements of Singapore in the transportation sector.

This unique volume presents the achievements of the land, sea and air transport industry of Singapore in the last 50 years after Singapore gained its independence in 1965. It provides a comprehensive overview of Singapore's progress in transportation from a typical third world system in the 1960s to one that is currently in the top league globally in all aspects of passenger and freight transportation. Singapore's successes in land transport planning, urban traffic management, and public transport systems provide valuable experience for major cities worldwide. The emergence of the Singapore Port as the most efficient container port in the world is another success story that inspires both established and up-and-coming port operators alike. The ambitious goal of Singapore to develop itself into a maritime knowledge hub of the future is a bold and exciting undertaking catching worldwide attention. In air transport, Singapore is well known for its efficiency as a major regional hub.This book examines in detail the important milestones and background developments that have led to the highly advanced state of transportation systems in the land, sea and air transport of Singapore today. Each chapter is written by professionals who are themselves part of the success stories presented. The chapter authors are specially invited to provide a professional account of the topics of their expertise. The authors have been able to draw on extensive amounts of published and unpublished documents and reports to present a comprehensive picture for the subject of interest in each chapter. As a whole, the book offers a hollistic and informative professional reference book on the major happenings and achievements of Singapore in the transportation sector.

In 1915, the road system in south Florida had changed little since before the Civil War. Travelling from Miami to Ft. Myers meant going through Orlando, 250 miles north of Miami. Within 15 years, three highways were dredged and blasted through the Everglades: Ingraham Highway from Homestead, 25 miles south of Miami, to Flamingo on the tip of the peninsula; Tamiami Trail from Miami to Tampa; and Conner's Highway from West Palm Beach to Okeechobee City. In 1916, Florida's road commission spent $967. In 1928 it spent $6.8 million. Tamiami Trail, originally projected to cost $500,000, eventually required $11 million. These roads were made possible by the 1920s Florida land boom, the replacement of animal and steam-powered implements with gasoline and diesel-powered equipment, and the creation of a highway funding system based on fuel taxes. This book tells the story of the finance and technology of first modern highways in the South.

Cars, Automobility and Development in Asia explores the nexus between automobility and development in a pan-Asian comparative perspective. The book seeks to integrate the policies, production forms, consumption preferences and symbolism implicated in emerging Asian automobilities. Using empirically rich and grounded analyses of both comparative and single-country case studies, the authors chart new approaches to studying automobility and development in emerging Asia.

Provides a unique review of the major spatial aspects of transport systems, a detailed analysis of transport problems in urban and rural areas, an evaluation of social and environmental impacts, and a planning and policy overview. Divided into four parts, each considering a different aspect of transport geography. The first part outlines the basic geography of transport and examines transport and spatial structures, focusing upon the varying contributions made by transport to industrial, agricultural and urban development. Part two moves to consider specific transport systems at both national and international scales, drawing on studies from industrialised and developing nations and discussing the effects upon transport of the political changes in the former USSR and Eastern Europe. The third part examines some of the many problems of transport and urban and rural areas using specific examples to illustrate the contrasting difficulties and evaluate current urban transportation planning methods.

This reference book provides traffic safety researchers and practitioners with an international and multi-disciplinary compendium of theoretical and methodological chapters. Together, these chapters discuss the research and application of "Traffic Safety Culture" as an important approach to traffic safety, including the vision of zero traffic fatalities and serious injuries. Traffic crashes are a significant cause of death and debilitating injury worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Whereas most traditional safety efforts teach safe behavior (education), punish risky behavior (enforcement), or design the environment to minimize crash injury resulting from those behaviors (engineering), there is also the need to understand the culture of our social environments that influence our concern for traffic safety and choice of behaviors. As a result, there is growing interest in the concept of Traffic Safety Culture. However, this concept is relatively new and is not yet supported by a robust theoretical foundation or amassed large body of research. The goal of this book is to create a theoretical foundation and methodological framework for using traffic safety culture, including the discussion of best practices for developing, implementing and evaluating culture-based strategies.

Transport Justice develops a new paradigm for transportation planning based on principles of justice. Author Karel Martens starts from the observation that for the last fifty years the focus of transportation planning and policy has been on the performance of the transport system and ways to improve it, without much attention being paid to the persons actually using - or failing to use - that transport system. There are far-reaching consequences of this approach, with some enjoying the fruits of the improvements in the transport system, while others have experienced a substantial deterioration in their situation. The growing body of academic evidence on the resulting disparities in mobility and accessibility, have been paralleled by increasingly vocal calls for policy changes to address the inequities that have developed over time. Drawing on philosophies of social justice, Transport Justice argues that governments have the fundamental duty of providing virtually every person with adequate transportation and thus of mitigating the social disparities that have been created over the past decades. Critical reading for transport planners and students of transportation planning, this book develops a new approach to transportation planning that takes people as its starting point, and justice as its end.

Inland waterways are a host for a mode of transport that is not as visible to the general public or as used as it once was. It is, however, generally perceived to be very important to our freight transport system today, although a closer look into the inland waterway transport system rebuts this perception and reveals the strengths and opportunities of this mode of transportation. This book gives the reader a thorough understanding of the current role of inland waterway transport as a freight transport system and its conditions. Drawing on case studies from across Europe, this text explores the economic, logistic, and technological and policy issues related to inland waterway transport and the challenges that changes in these areas present to this transport mode. It also explores the strategies for the inland waterway transport sector to secure and then enlarge its role in the future of freight transport. Inland Waterway Transport will be an invaluable source for students and researchers of transport studies. In addition, the book will be useful to policymakers and practitioners involved in its development. It may also appeal to wider readers with an interest in the fascinating business of inland waterway transport.

As bicycle commuting grows in the United States, the profile of the white, middle-class cyclist has emerged. This stereotype evolves just as investments in cycling play an increasingly important role in neighborhood transformations. However, despite stereotypes, the cycling public is actually quite diverse, with the greatest share falling into the lowest income categories. Bicycle Justice and Urban Transformation demonstrates that for those with privilege, bicycling can be liberatory, a lifestyle choice, whereas for those surviving at the margins, cycling is not a choice, but an often oppressive necessity. Ignoring these "invisible" cyclists skews bicycle improvements towards those with choices. This book argues that it is vital to contextualize bicycling within a broader social justice framework if investments are to serve all street users equitably. "Bicycle justice" is an inclusionary social movement based on furthering material equity and the recognition that qualitative differences matter. This book illustrates equitable bicycle advocacy, policy and planning. In synthesizing the projects of critical cultural studies, transportation justice and planning, the book reveals the relevance of social justice to public and community-driven investments in cycling. This book will interest professionals, advocates, academics and students in the fields of transportation planning, urban planning, community development, urban geography, sociology and policy.

On 17 October 1989 one the largest earthquakes to occur in California since the San Francisco earthquake of April 1906 struck Northern California. Damage was extensive, none more so than the partial collapse of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge's eastern span, a vital link used by hundreds of thousands of Californians every day. The bridge was closed for a month for repairs and then reopened to traffic. But what ensued over the next 25 years is the extraordinary story that Karen Trapenberg Frick tells here. It is a cautionary tale to which any governing authority embarking on a megaproject should pay heed. She describes the process by which the bridge was eventually replaced as an exercise in shadowboxing which pitted the combined talents and shortcomings, partnerships and jealousies, ingenuity and obtuseness, generosity and parsimony of the State's and the region's leading elected officials, engineers, architects and other members of the governing elites against a collectively imagined future catastrophe of unknown proportions. In so doing she highlights three key questions: If safety was the reason to replace the bridge, why did it take almost 25 years to do so? How did an original estimate of $250 million in 1995 soar to $6.5 billion by 2014? And why was such a complex design chosen? Her final chapter - part epilogue, part reflection - provides recommendations to improve megaproject delivery and design.