Elaborating on the concept of context awareness, this book presents up-to-date research and novel framework designs for context-aware mobile sensing. Generic and Energy-Efficient Context-Aware Mobile Sensing proposes novel context-inferring algorithms and generic framework designs that can help readers enhance existing tradeoffs in mobile sensing, especially between accuracy and power consumption. The book presents solutions that emphasize must-have system characteristics such as energy efficiency, accuracy, robustness, adaptability, time-invariance, and optimal sensor sensing. Numerous application examples guide readers from fundamental concepts to the implementation of context-aware-related algorithms and frameworks. Covering theory and practical strategies for context awareness in mobile sensing, the book will help readers develop the modeling and analysis skills required to build futuristic context-aware framework designs for resource-constrained platforms. Includes best practices for designing and implementing practical context-aware frameworks in ubiquitous/mobile sensing Proposes a lightweight online classification method to detect user-centric postural actions Examines mobile device-based battery modeling under the scope of battery nonlinearities with respect to variant loads Unveils a novel discrete time inhomogeneous hidden semi-Markov model (DT-IHS-MM)-based generic framework to achieve a better realization of HAR-based mobile context awareness Supplying theory and equation derivations for all the concepts discussed, the book includes design tips for the implementation of smartphone programming as well as pointers on how to make the best use of MATLAB® for the presentation of performance analysis. Coverage includes lightweight, online, and unsupervised pattern recognition methods; adaptive, time-variant, and optimal sensory sampling strategies; and energy-efficient, robust, and inhomogeneous context-aware framework designs. Researchers will learn the latest modeling and analysis research on mobile sensing. Students will gain access to accessible reference material on mobile sensing theory and practice. Engineers will gain authoritative insights into cutting-edge system designs.

IMRET 5 featured more than 80 oral and poster communications, covering the entire interdisciplinary field from design, production, modeling and characterization of microreactor devices to application of microstructured systems for production, energy and transportation, including many analytical and biological applications. A particularly strong topic was the investigation of the potential of microstructuring of reactors and systems components for process intensification. Perspectives of combining local, in situ, data acquisition with appropriate microstructuring of actuators and components within chemical and biological devices were explored in order to enhance process performance and facilitate process control.

This book raises the level of understanding of thermal design criteria. It provides the design team with sufficient knowledge to help them evaluate device architecture trade-offs and the effects of operating temperatures. The author provides readers a sound scientific basis for system operation at realistic steady state temperatures without reliability penalties. Higher temperature performance than is commonly recommended is shown to be cost effective in production for life cycle costs. The microelectronic package considered in the book is assumed to consist of a semiconductor device with first-level interconnects that may be wirebonds, flip-chip, or tape automated bonds; die attach; substrate; substrate attach; case; lid; lid seal; and lead seal. The temperature effects on electrical parameters of both bipolar and MOSFET devices are discussed, and models quantifying the temperature effects on package elements are identified. Temperature-related models have been used to derive derating criteria for determining the maximum and minimum allowable temperature stresses for a given microelectronic package architecture. The first chapter outlines problems with some of the current modeling strategies. The next two chapters present microelectronic device failure mechanisms in terms of their dependence on steady state temperature, temperature cycle, temperature gradient, and rate of change of temperature at the chip and package level. Physics-of-failure based models used to characterize these failure mechanisms are identified and the variabilities in temperature dependence of each of the failure mechanisms are characterized. Chapters 4 and 5 describe the effects of temperature on the performance characteristics of MOS and bipolar devices. Chapter 6 discusses using high-temperature stress screens, including burn-in, for high-reliability applications. The burn-in conditions used by some manufacturers are examined and a physics-of-failure approach is described. The

Although the programming and use of a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) may not be the most complex process, utilizing DSPs in applications such as motor control can be extremely challenging for the first-time user. DSP-Based Electromechanical Motion Control provides a general application guide for students and engineers who want to implement DSP-based motion control systems in products and industrial systems. This overview explains the benefits of integrating DSP into motion control, detailing the degree of freedom provided by a a DSP for the development of constructive, computationally extensive algorithms. The authors explain how the use of these advanced algorithms can drastically increase the performance and efficiency of an electromechanical system. Chapters are supported by laboratory exercises, enabling you to immediately apply the information to practical scenarios. Following an extensive analysis of the LF2407 DSP processor, the book presents numerous real-world applications, demonstrating current use and inspiring future development.

Representing the collective effort of over 30 leading scientists in Russia and the United States, this is the first book written solely on the subject of nuclear batteries. It presents a rich historical discussion and original research on the conversion of nuclear materials into electrical power, which can then be harvested to make long-lasting, more energy efficient batteries. With this technology, power-matched supplies would last decades - even centuries - using safe, direct, long-life, stable, integrated electric power from the highest energy density source available. Polymers, Phosphors, and Voltaics for Radioisotope Microbatteries presents the state-of-the-art in interdisciplinary research in radiochemistry, tritium storage, semiconductor fabrication and characterization, nuclear battery fabrication and testing, integration into MEMS and other electronic devices, and much more. A key feature of this book is its discussion of construction materials for miniaturized radioisotope power supplies, since progress in nuclear battery technology depends on characterization of functionally radiation-stable components. Though substantial progress has been made to solve problems of using integrated radioisotope batteries for micro- and nanoelectronics, each author has provided an authoritative assessment and has indicated where development is needed. Research in this area has the potential to revolutionize the microelectronics industry by enabling MEMS and nanotechnology. Significant technological progress depends today on coordinated interdisciplinary research. Polymers, Phosphors, and Voltaics for Radioisotope Microbatteries contains diverse discussions of the problems of using radioactive material for microelectronic power needs and guides readers to future research in the area of long-life, high energy-density batteries.

Time series with mixed spectra are characterized by hidden periodic components buried in random noise. Despite strong interest in the statistical and signal processing communities, no book offers a comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of the subject. Filling this void, Time Series with Mixed Spectra focuses on the methods and theory for the statistical analysis of time series with mixed spectra. It presents detailed theoretical and empirical analyses of important methods and algorithms. Using both simulated and real-world data to illustrate the analyses, the book discusses periodogram analysis, autoregression, maximum likelihood, and covariance analysis. It considers real- and complex-valued time series, with and without the Gaussian assumption. The author also includes the most recent results on the Laplace and quantile periodograms as extensions of the traditional periodogram. Complete in breadth and depth, this book explains how to perform the spectral analysis of time series data to detect and estimate the hidden periodicities represented by the sinusoidal functions. The book not only extends results from the existing literature but also contains original material, including the asymptotic theory for closely spaced frequencies and the proof of asymptotic normality of the nonlinear least-absolute-deviations frequency estimator.

In recent years, utilization of the abundant advantages of quantum physics, quantum dots, quantum wires, quantum wells, and nanocrystals has attracted considerable scientific attention in the field of nonvolatile memory. Nanocrystals are the driving element that have brought the nonvolatile flash memory technology to a distinguished height. However, new approaches are still required to strengthen this technology for future applications. This book details the methods of fabrication of nanocrystals and their application in baseline nonvolatile memory and emerging nonvolatile memory technologies. The chapters have been written by renowned experts of the field and will provide an in-depth understanding of these technologies. The book is a valuable tool for research and development sectors associated with electronics, semiconductors, nanotechnology, material sciences, solid state memories, and electronic devices.

This lab manual features dozens of lab exercises coordinated with the main text, Principles of Electric Circuits, 10th Edition (ISBN: 9780134879482).

Computing technology is an indispensable feature of modern life. Our rapid-paced world seems more and more remote from the world narrated in sacred scriptures. However, despite its pervasiveness, there remains a dearth of theological reflection about computer technology and what it means to live as a faithful individual in a digitally - saturated society. The Web and Faith provides a brief theology of technology, rooted in the Islamic tradition and oriented around the grand themes of creation, redemption and new creation. The book combines a concise, accessible style with penetrating cultural and theological analysis. Building on the work of Marshall McLuhan and Neil Postman, and drawing from a wide range of enlightened Islamic thinkers, the book situates computer technology within the big picture of the story of creation. Technology is not neutral, but neither is there an exclusively ''faith-based'' form of technological production and use. Instead, this book guides us to see the digital world as part of a larger creation, which is redeemable according to the law of faith. Responsibly used, technology can become an integral part of religious wisdom world-wide.

Edited by highly cited researchers, Vibrational Spectroscopy of Electrified Interfaces highlights modern vibrational techniques ranging from Raman, infrared and non-linear optical spectroscopy to inelastic electron scattering and their application to study electrified interfaces. Providing molecular-level information on the structure and composition of surfaces and interfaces, this first book available on the topic addresses theory, techniques, and applications across a wide range of interfaces in the physical and biological sciences, including those in biological, geochemical, and power devices such as batteries, solar and fuel cells.

The days of troubleshooting a piece of gear armed only with a scope, voltmeter, and a general idea of how the hardware works are gone forever. As technology continues to drive equipment design forward, maintenance difficulties will continue to increase, and those responsible for maintaining this equipment will continue to struggle to keep up.

The Electronic Systems Maintenance Handbook, Second Edition establishes a foundation for servicing, operating, and optimizing audio, video, computer, and RF systems. Beginning with an overview of reliability principles and properties, a team of top experts describes the steps essential to ensuring high reliability and minimum downtime. They examine heat management issues, grounding systems, and all aspects of system test and measurement. They even explore disaster planning and provide guidelines for keeping a facility running under extreme circumstances.

Today more than ever, the reliability of a system can have a direct and immediate impact on the profitability of an operation. Advocating a carefully planned, systematic maintenance program, the richly illustrated Electronic Systems Maintenance Handbook helps engineers and technicians meet the challenges inherent in modern electronic equipment and ensure top quality performance from each piece of hardware.

Most MEMS accelerometers on the market today are capacitive accelerometers that are based on the displacement sensing mechanism. This book is intended to cover recent developments of MEMS silicon oscillating accelerometers (SOA), also referred to as MEMS resonant accelerometer. As contrast to the capacitive accelerometer, the MEMS SOA is based on the force sensing mechanism, where the input acceleration is converted to a frequency output. MEMS Silicon Oscillating Accelerometers and Readout Circuits consists of six chapters and covers both MEMS sensor and readout circuit, and provides an in-depth coverage on the design and modelling of the MEMS SOA with several recently reported prototypes. The book is not only useful to researchers and engineers who are familiar with the topic, but also appeals to those who have general interests in MEMS inertial sensors. The book includes extensive references that provide further information on this topic.

This book addresses the challenges in the software engineering of variability-intensive systems. Variability-intensive systems can support different usage scenarios by accommodating different and unforeseen features and qualities. The book features academic and industrial contributions that discuss the challenges in developing, maintaining and evolving systems, cloud and mobile services for variability-intensive software systems and the scalability requirements they imply. The book explores software engineering approaches that can efficiently deal with variability-intensive systems as well as applications and use cases benefiting from variability-intensive systems.

Solving pattern recognition problems involves an enormous amount of computational effort. By applying genetic algorithms - a computational method based on the way chromosomes in DNA recombine - these problems are more efficiently and more accurately solved. Genetic Algorithms for Pattern Recognition covers a broad range of applications in science and technology, describing the integration of genetic algorithms in pattern recognition and machine learning problems to build intelligent recognition systems. The articles, written by leading experts from around the world, accomplish several objectives: they provide insight into the theory of genetic algorithms; they develop pattern recognition theory in light of genetic algorithms; and they illustrate applications in artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic. The cross-sectional view of current research presented in Genetic Algorithms for Pattern Recognition makes it a unique text, ideal for graduate students and researchers.

Modern technological, biological, and socioeconomic systems are extremely complex. The study of such systems largely relies on the concepts of competition and cooperation (synchronization). The main approaches to the study of nonlinear dynamics of complex systems are now associated with models of collective dynamics of networks and ensembles, formed by interacting dynamical elements.Unfortunately, the applicability of analytical and qualitative methods of nonlinear dynamics to such complex systems is severely restricted due to the high dimension of phase space. Therefore, studying the simplest models of networks, which are ensembles with a small number of elements, becomes of particular interest. Such models allow to make use of the entire spectrum of analytical, qualitative, and numerical methods of nonlinear dynamics. This book is devoted to the investigation of a kind of such systems, namely small ensembles of coupled, phase-controlled oscillators. Both traditional issues, like synchronization, that are relevant for applications in radio-communications, radio-location, energy, etc., and nontraditional issues of excitation of chaotic oscillations and their possible application in advanced communication systems are addressed.

The volume contains 94 best selected research papers presented at the Third International Conference on Micro Electronics, Electromagnetics and Telecommunications (ICMEET 2017) The conference was held during 09-10, September, 2017 at Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, BVRIT Hyderabad College of Engineering for Women, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. The volume includes original and application based research papers on microelectronics, electromagnetics, telecommunications, wireless communications, signal/speech/video processing and embedded systems.

Low Power Circuit Design Using Advanced CMOS Technology is a summary of lectures from the first Advanced CMOS Technology Summer School (ACTS) 2017. The slides are selected from the handouts, while the text was edited according to the lecturers talk. ACTS is a joint activity supported by the IEEE Circuit and System Society (CASS) and the IEEE Solid-State Circuits Society (SSCS). The goal of the school is to provide society members as well researchers and engineers from industry the opportunity to learn about new emerging areas from leading experts in the field. ACTS is an example of high-level continuous education for junior engineers, teachers in academe, and students. ACTS was the results of a successful collaboration between societies, the local chapter leaders, and industry leaders. This summer school was the brainchild of Dr. Zhihua Wang, with strong support from volunteers from both the IEEE SSCS and CASS. In addition, the local companies, Synopsys China and Beijing IC Park, provided support. This first ACTS was held in the summer 2017 in Beijing. The lectures were given by academic researchers and industry experts, who presented each 6-hour long lectures on topics covering process technology, EDA skill, and circuit and layout design skills. The school was hosted and organized by the CASS Beijing Chapter, SSCS Beijing Chapter, and SSCS Tsinghua Student Chapter. The co-chairs of the first ACTS were Dr. Milin Zhang, Dr. Hanjun Jiang and Dr. Liyuan Liu. The first ACTS was a great success as illustrated by the many participants from all over China as well as by the publicity it has been received in various media outlets, including Xinhua News, one of the most popular news channels in China.

This title covers the fundamentals of carbon nanomaterials in a logical and clear manner to make concepts accessible to researchers from different disciplines. It summarizes in a comprehensive manner recent technological and scientific accomplishments in the area of carbon nanomaterials and their application in lithium ion batteries The book also addresses all the components anodes, cathodes and electrolytes of lithium ion battery and discusses the technology of lithium ion batteries that can safely operate at high temperature.

The book provides a solid and unitary mathematical foundation of the basic and advanced principles of aerodynamics. The densities of the fundamental solutions are determined from singular integral equations. The fundamental solutions method in aerodynamics was considered for the first time and used by the author in over 30 papers published in prestigious journals (e.g. QAM, AIAA, ZAMM, etc) in order to develop a unitary theory. The boundary element method is used for numerical approximations in compressible aerodynamics. The text incorporates several original contributions, among other traditional mathematical methods.
The book also represents a comprehensive presentation of research results since the seminal books on aerodynamics of Ashley and Landahl (1965) and Katz & Plotkin (1991).
A rigorous mathematical approach is used to present and explain classic and modern results in this field of science. The author has therefore conceived several appendices on the Distribution Theory, the singular Integral Equations Theory, the Finite Part, Gauss Quadrature Formulae, etc.
The book is concluded by a relevant bibliographical list which is especially useful for researchers.
The book is aimed primarily at applied mathematicians, aeronautical engineers and space science researchers. The text may be used also as a comprehensive introduction to the mathematical foundations fo aerodynamics, by graduate students n engineering and fluid dynamics with a strong mathematical background.

Authoritative coverage of a revolutionary technique for overcoming problems in electromagnetic design Genetic algorithms are stochastic search procedures modeled on the Darwinian concepts of natural selection and evolution. The machinery of genetic algorithms utilizes an optimization methodology that allows a global search of the cost surface via statistical random processes dictated by the Darwinian evolutionary concept. These easily programmed and readily implemented procedures robustly locate extrema of highly multimodal functions and therefore are particularly well suited to finding solutions to a broad range of electromagnetic optimization problems. Electromagnetic Optimization by Genetic Algorithms is the first book devoted exclusively to the application of genetic algorithms to electromagnetic device design. Compiled by two highly competent and well-respected members of the electromagnetics community, this book describes numerous applications of genetic algorithms to the design and optimization of various low- and high-frequency electromagnetic components. Special features include:

• Introduction by David E. Goldberg, "A Meditation on the Application of Genetic Algorithms"
• Design of linear and planar arrays using genetic algorithms
• Application of genetic algorithms to the design of broadband, wire, and integrated antennas
• Genetic algorithm—driven design of dielectric gratings and frequency-selective surfaces
• Synthesis of magnetostatic devices using genetic algorithms
• Application of genetic algorithms to multiobjective electromagnetic backscattering optimization
• A comprehensive list of the up-to-date references applicable to electromagnetic design problems

You can find them in your wristwatch or MP3 player; they perform specific functions in washing machines, traffic lights, and even pacemakers. Embedded systems are pervasive, ubiquitous, and widespread throughout our daily lives. Developing these real-time embedded products requires an understanding of the interactions between different disciplines, such as circuit design, power, cooling, packaging, software, and human interface. This volume provides the knowledge and insight engineers need to make critical design decisions and offers a clear guide for preparing and developing projects in different markets. The book begins by laying the basic groundwork for effective processes, covering smaller, self-contained devices and subsystems, ranging from handheld devices to appliances. Highly detailed case studies, which include designing instruments for space flight, implanted medical devices, and military support equipment, illustrate industry best practices and managerial issues. Each case study is detailed in terms of concept, market, standards, integration, manufacturing, and phases. With schedule and estimation templates, this highly functional text presents numerous examples of design tradeoffs critical to successful project development. Offering even coverage and clarification of the entire development process, What Every Engineer Should Know about Developing Real-Time Embedded Products provides engineers and industrial designers with practical tools to make important decisions, from deciding whether to buy or build subsystems to determining the appropriate kinds of field testing.

The first book to consider intermittency as a key point of an energy system, Energy Intermittency describes different levels of variability for traditional and renewable energy sources, presenting detailed solutions for handling energy intermittency through trade, collaboration, demand management, and active energy storage. Addressing energy supply intermittency systematically, this practical text: Analyzes typical time-distributions and intervals between episodes of demand-supply mismatch and explores their dependence on system layouts and energy source characteristics Simulates scenarios regarding resource time-flow, energy conversion devices, and demand structure to assist in evaluating the technical viability of the proposed solutions Discusses the conditions for establishing such systems in terms of economic requirements and regulatory measures In one concise and convenient volume, Energy Intermittency provides a comprehensive overview of all the causes and remedies of energy supply intermittency.

Systems thinking tells us that human error, violations and technology failures result from poorly designed and managed work systems. To help us understand and prevent injuries and incidents, incident reporting systems must be capable of collecting data on contributory factors from across the overall work system, in addition to factors relating to the immediate context of the event (e.g. front-line workers, environment, and equipment). This book describes how to design a practical, usable incident reporting system based on this approach. The book contains all the information needed to effectively design and implement a new incident reporting system underpinned by systems thinking. It also provides guidance on how to evaluate and improve existing incident reporting systems so they are practical for users, collect good quality data, and reflect the principles of systems thinking. Features Highlights the key principles of systems thinking for designing incident reporting systems Outlines a process for developing and testing incident reporting systems Describes how to evaluate incident reporting systems to ensure they are practical, usable, and collect good quality data Provides detailed guidance on how to analyze incident data, and translate the findings into appropriate incident prevention strategies

This is the first book on lock-in thermography, an analytical method applied to the diagnosis of microelectronic devices. This useful introduction and guide reviews various experimental approaches to lock-in thermography, with special emphasis on the lock-in IR thermography developed by the authors themselves.