A comprehensive reference including practical, hands-on exercises and data of experimental studies, written by leading researchers in the field An introductory/intermediate level treatment including practical, hands-on exercises and data of experimental studies, written by leading researchers in the field The authors lead a LED packaging R&D center with an industrial grade prototyping line and state-of-the-art facilities for materials/optical/electrical/thermal characterization. A substantial amount of technical contents in this book is based on the hands-on experience and experimental practices of the authors The manufacture of LED-based luminaries for lighting is a huge area and there is a need for a comprehensive book instructing engineers and designers in the lighting industry Includes packaging LED components such as interconnection, phosphor deposition, encapsulation, thermal management and reliability, making this an excellent reference and background reading for engineers and researchers

Low voltage unearthed (IT) AC and DC systems are commonly applied for supply of power and control circuits in industry, transportation, medical objects etc. The main reasons for their use are high reliability and numerous advantages offered by isolating them against ground. Insulation level is a decisive factor for networks operational reliability and safety. Insufficient insulation-to-ground resistance can cause various disturbances. Though ground faults in IT systems do not make networks operation impossible, they may cause severe problems with their safe functioning.

In this book the most important issues concerning normal operation and ground fault phenomena are described in concise form. Numerous methods of insulation resistance and capacitance measurement in live circuits are presented. Important other procedures of these parameters determination based on measurement and calculation are explained and reviews of selected insulation resistance measurement devices as well as earth fault locating systems are included. This book is addressed to electrical engineers, technicians and students and may also serve as an academic handbook. The extended second edition includes several innovative methods of insulation parameters determination as well as more detailed explanations of procedures and issues. Furthermore new important problems e.g. indirect methods of insulation resistance determination and insulation resistance monitoring in networks with frequency converters are addressed as well as examples of practical applications.

Understanding and predicting the performance of electromechanical systems is crucially important in the design of many modern products, and today s engineers and researchers are constantly seeking methods for optimizing these complex systems.

This important text/reference highlights a unique combination of numerical tools and strategies for handling the challenges of multiphysics simulation. As multiphysics simulation is a broad and rapidly growing field, requiring an array of technical skills in different intersecting disciplines, this book presents a specific focus on electromechanical systems as the target application.

Topics and features: introduces the concept of design via simulation, along with the role of multiphysics simulation in today s engineering environment; discusses the importance of structural optimization techniques in the design and development of electromechanical systems; provides an overview of the physics commonly involved with electromechanical systems for applications such as electronics, magnetic components, RF components, actuators, and motors; reviews the governing equations for the simulation of related multiphysics problems; outlines relevant (topology and parametric size) optimization methods for electromechanical systems; describes in detail several multiphysics simulation and optimization example studies in both two and three dimensions, with sample numerical code.

Researchers and engineers in industry and academia will find this work to be an invaluable reference on advanced electromechanical system design. The book is also suitable for students at undergraduate and graduate level, and many of the design examples will be of interest to anyone curious about the unique design solutions that arise from the coupling of optimization methods with multiphysics simulation techniques."

"Blind Source Separation" intends to report the new results of the efforts on the study of Blind Source Separation (BSS). The book collects novel research ideas and some training in BSS, independent component analysis (ICA), artificial intelligence and signal processing applications. Furthermore, the research results previously scattered in many journals and conferences worldwide are methodically edited and presented in a unified form. The book is likely to be of interest to university researchers, R&D engineers and graduate students in computer science and electronics who wish to learn the core principles, methods, algorithms and applications of BSS.

Dr. Ganesh R. Naik works at University of Technology, Sydney, Australia; Dr. Wenwu Wang works at University of Surrey, UK.

The book presents cutting-edge research in the emerging fields of micro, nano and smart devices and systems from experts working in these fields over the last decade. Most of the contributors have built devices or systems or developed processes or algorithms in these areas. The book is a unique collection of chapters from different areas with a common theme and is immensely useful to academic researchers and practitioners in the industry who work in this field.

The new multimedia standards (for example, MPEG-21) facilitate the seamless integration of multiple modalities into interoperable multimedia frameworks, transforming the way people work and interact with multimedia data. These key technologies and multimedia solutions interact and collaborate with each other in increasingly effective ways, contributing to the multimedia revolution and having a significant impact across a wide spectrum of consumer, business, healthcare, education and governmental domains. This book aims to provide a complete coverage of the areas outlined and to bring together the researchers from academic and industry as well as practitioners to share ideas, challenges and solutions relating to the multifaceted aspects of this field.

The aims of these proceedings are to provide a complete coverage of the areas outlined, and to bring together researchers from academic and industry to share ideas, challenges, and solutions relating to the multifaceted aspects of this field. New multimedia standards (for example, MPEG-21) facilitate the seamless integration of multiple modalities into interoperable multimedia frameworks, transforming the way people work and interact with multimedia data. These key technologies and multimedia solutions interact and collaborate with each other in increasingly effective ways, contributing to the multimedia revolution and having a significant impact across a wide spectrum of consumer, business, healthcare, education, and governmental domains.

Wireless communication and sensor networks would form the backbone to create pervasive and ubiquitous environments that would have profound influence on the society and thus are important to the society. The wireless communication technologies and wireless sensor networks would encompass a wide range of domains such as HW devices such as motes, sensors and associated instrumentation, actuators, transmitters, receivers, antennas, etc., sensor network aspects such as topologies, routing algorithms, integration of heterogeneous network elements and topologies, designing RF devices and systems for energy efficiency and reliability etc. These sensor networks would provide opportunity to continuously and in a distributed manner monitor the environment and generate the necessary warnings and actions. However most of the developments have been demonstrated only in controlled and laboratory environments. So we are yet to see those powerful, ubiquitous applications for the benefit of the society.

The conference and consequentially the proceedings would provide opportunity to the researchers to interact with other researchers and share their researches covering all the above areas. The proceedings of the conference thus covers the research work of different authors in the area of wireless sensor networks, wireless communications, devices, tools and techniques for WSN, and applications of wireless sensor networks.

This book is beneficial for those researchers who are working in the area of wireless sensor networks, wireless communication, and developing applications of Wireless sensor networks.

The use of programmable electronic systems (PES) in industry has grown considerably with the availability of microcomputers. These systems offer many benefits to the designer and user in providing more comprehensive control of industrial processes, enviroments, machine tools and in robot installations. As confidence grows with the application of PES, users and manufacturers are considering incorporating safety functions within the requirements and functions of the PES. This book represents the proceedings of the Programmable Electronic Systems Safety Symposium (PES-3) held in Guernsey, Channel Islands, May 28th - 30th 1986, which presented the guidance available to users, designers and safety assessors of programmable electronic systems. This guidance is applicable for many real and potential risk and safety situations in a wide variety of industries ranging from nuclear power plants and industrial robotics, to machine tools and chemical process controllers. The original impetus to hold the Symposium came from a two year collaborative project partially funded by the Commission of the European Communities under the 1979-83 Informatics Initiative. The sponsors of the Symposium studied the assessment, architecture and performance of industrial programmable electronic systems, with particular reference to robotics. The group of papers in the first session give the first public report of the results of this project. The session was Chaired by H Fangmeyer from the Commission's Joint Research Centre at Ispra, Italy, who was the Commission's Project Manager throughout the collaboration.

This book presents fundamentals of reliability engineering with its applications in evaluating reliability of multistage interconnection networks. In the first part of the book, it introduces the concept of reliability engineering, elements of probability theory, probability distributions, availability and data analysis. The second part of the book provides an overview of parallel/distributed computing, network design considerations, and more. The book covers a comprehensive reliability engineering methods and its practical aspects in the interconnection network systems. Students, engineers, researchers, managers will find this book as a valuable reference source.

A four year Electrical and Electronic engineering curriculum normally contains two modules of electromagnetic field theories during the first two years. However, some curricula do not have enough slots to accommodate the two modules. This book, Electromagnetic Field Theories, is designed for Electrical and Electronic engineering undergraduate students to provide fundamental knowledge of electromagnetic fields and waves in a structured manner. A comprehensive fundamental knowledge of electric and magnetic fields is required to understand the working principles of generators, motors and transformers. This knowledge is also necessary to analyze transmission lines, substations, insulator flashover mechanism, transient phenomena, etc. Recently, academics and researches are working for sending electrical power to a remote area by designing a suitable antenna. In this case, the knowledge of electromagnetic fields is considered as important tool.

This book contains the papers presented at the international symposium Polycrys- talline Semiconductors - Grain Boundaries and Interfaces (POLYSE '88) that was held in Malente, FRG, from August 29 to September 2, 1988. This conference has two roots: Firstly, it is a successor to a conference on polycrystalline semi- conductors held in Perpignan, France, in 1982 and to a summer school in Erice, Italy, in 1984. Secondly, it continues a series of German workshops on polycrys- talline semiconductors, which have been organized every year since 1983 by two of the present editors (H. P. S. and J. H. W. ) in Stuttgart, FRG. As in these previ- ous workshops, the symposium POLYSE '88 also tried to bridge the gap between fundamental research and technological aspects of polycrystalline semiconductors with emphasis on physical properties. In order to realize this conception, 12 scientists recognized in their fields were invited to give reviews of their respective work. The expert presentations of these scientists complemented by all other contributions, including an ad hoc evening workshop on the chemical analysis of grain boundaries by scanning tunneling microscopy, resulted in a lively and rewarding symposium. We would particularly like to thank the invited speakers for their talks, as well as for undertaking the task of refereeing the submitted papers. These speakers are: L. N. Aleksandrov Y. Ishida P. Pirouz A. Bourret J. D. Joannopoulos H. W. Schock H. Cerva L. L. Kazmerski H. Teichler F. Greuter S. Martinuzzi K. N.

"Physics of Nanostructured Solid State Devices"introduces readers to theories and concepts such as semi-classical and quantum mechanical descriptions of electron transport, methods for calculations of band structures in solids with applications in calculation of optical constants, and other advanced concepts. The information presented here will equip readers with the necessary tools to carry out cutting edge research in modern solid state nanodevices."

This book describes scalable and near-optimal, processor-level design space exploration (DSE) methodologies. The authors present design methodologies for data storage and processing in real-time, cost-sensitive data-dominated embedded systems. Readers will be enabled to reduce time-to-market, while satisfying system requirements for performance, area, and energy consumption, thereby minimizing the overall cost of the final design.

Addressing current issues of which any engineer or computer scientist should be aware, this monograph is a response to the need to adopt a new computational paradigm as the methodological basis for designing pervasive embedded systems with sensor capabilities. The requirements of this paradigm are to control complexity, to limit cost and energy consumption and to provide adaptation and cognition abilities allowing the embedded system to interact proactively with the real world. The quest for such intelligence requires the formalization of a new generation of intelligent systems able to exploit advances in digital architectures and in sensing technologies. The book sheds light on the theory behind intelligence for embedded systems with specific focus on:

. robustness (the robustness of a computational flow and its evaluation);

. intelligence (how to mimic the adaptation and cognition abilities of the human brain),

. the capacity to learn in non-stationary and evolving environments by detecting changes and reacting accordingly; and

. a new paradigm that, by accepting results that are correct in probability, allows the complexity of the embedded application the be kept under control.

Theories, concepts and methods are provided to motivate researchers in this exciting and timely interdisciplinary area. Applications such as porting a neural network from a high-precision platform to a digital embedded system and evaluating its robustness level are described. Examples show how the methodology introduced can be adopted in the case of cyber-physical systems to manage the interaction between embedded devices and physical world.

Researchers and graduate students in computer science and various engineering-related disciplines will find the methods and approaches propounded in "Intelligence for Embedded Systems "of great interest. The book will also be an important resource for practitioners working on embedded systems and applications."

This volume of Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry has contributions from significant individuals in electrochemistry. This 7 chapter book discusses electrodeposition and the characterization of alloys and composite materials, the mechanistic aspects of lead electrodeposition, electrophoretic deposition of ceramic materials onto metal surfaces and the fundamentals of metal oxides for energy conversion and storage technologies. This volume also has a chapter devoted to the anodization of aluminum, electrochemical aspects of chemical and mechanical polishing, and surface treatments prior to metallization of semiconductors, ceramics, and polymers. This volume of Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry is ideal for scientists, researchers, engineers, and students interested in the latest findings in the field of electrodeposition and surface finishing.

This book focuses on the issues of integrating large-scale renewable power generation into existing grids. The issues covered in this book include different types of renewable power generation along with their transmission and distribution, storage and protection. It also contains the development of medium voltage converters for step-up-transformer-less direct grid integration of renewable generation units, grid codes and resiliency analysis for large-scale renewable power generation, active power and frequency control and HVDC transmission. The emerging SMES technology for controlling and integrating large-scale renewable power systems is also discussed.Since the protection issues with large-scale distributed renewable power systems are different compared to the existing protection system for one way power flow, this book includes a new protection technique for renewable generators along with the inclusion of current status of smart grid. This book is a good reference for the researchers who are working the area of renewable power generation and smart grids."

This book addresses presents recent developments of novel planar inter digital sensors for food inspection. It covers the fundamentals of sensors, their design, modelling and simulations, fabrications, characterizations, experimental investigations and analyses. This book will be useful for the engineers and researchers especially higher undergraduate, postgraduate students as well as practitioners working on the development of Electromagnetic Sensors.

This book addresses reliability and energy efficiency of on-chip networks using cooperative error control. It describes an efficient way to construct an adaptive error control codec capable of tracking noise conditions and adjusting the error correction strength at runtime. Methods are also presented to tackle joint transient and permanent error correction, exploiting the redundant resources already available on-chip. A parallel and flexible network simulator is also introduced, which facilitates examining the impact of various error control methods on network-on-chip performance.