Increasing capacity at ports and goods movement in the supply chain in general, while also satisfying environmental, economic, political, labor union, and other constraints is, arguably, the greatest challenge of modern transportation. With space at a premium and costs through the roof, it is increasingly obvious that the traditional solutions are not feasible in the short- or even medium-term. However, advances in information technology, telecommunications, data management, and computation tools, coupled with recent research in systems optimization and control, may provide promising new approaches.

Diffractional Optics of Millimetre Waves combines those elements of diffraction theory normally associated with optics, including Gaussian beams, lenses, and mirrors, and extends them into the micro- and millimetre wavelength range. In this regime there are a number of applications in devices, such as automobile proximity sensors, satellite-TV receiving antennae, and non-destructive testing systems. Researchers working in these areas would benefit from greater understanding of the diffraction phenomena involved. A translated and updated version of the authors' book Diffraction Quasioptics, this book will present results formerly unavailable in the general literature.

Over the last twenty years there has been tremendous growth in the research and development of sensors and sensor signal processing methods. Advances in materials and fabrication techniques have led to a departure from traditional sensor types and the development of novel sensing techniques and devices, many of which are now finding favor in industry. Novel Sensors and Sensing provides an introduction to modern sensor types and sensor signal processing methods, with emphasis placed on the underlying physics and the generic operating principles involved. It includes a review of the fundamentals of measurement and instrumentation and covers the principle types of modern sensor-resonator, semiconductor based, and optical fiber (including an overview of optical propagation and transmission.) The final chapter of the book is devoted to flow measurement, an area that has benefited greatly from the developments in novel sensing devices and techniques.

Fundamentals of Robotics presents the basic concepts of robots to engineering and technology students and to practicing engineers who want to grasp the fundamentals in the growing field of robotics.

Smart Science, Design & Technology represents the proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Applied System Innovation (ICASI 2019), which was held in Fukuoka, Japan, April 12-18, 2019. The conference received more than 300 submitted papers from at least 20 different countries, whereby one third of these papers was selected by the committees and invited to present at ICASI 2019. The resulting book aims to provide an integrated communication platform for researchers active in a wide range of fields including information technology, communication science, applied mathematics, computer science, advanced material science, and engineering. Major breakthroughs are being made by interdisciplinary collaborations between science and engineering technologists in academia and industry within this unique international network. Smart Science has emerged as a separate discipline, involving innovative practices, methodologies and processes.

Low Power Circuit Design Using Advanced CMOS Technology is a summary of lectures from the first Advanced CMOS Technology Summer School (ACTS) 2017. The slides are selected from the handouts, while the text was edited according to the lecturers talk. ACTS is a joint activity supported by the IEEE Circuit and System Society (CASS) and the IEEE Solid-State Circuits Society (SSCS). The goal of the school is to provide society members as well researchers and engineers from industry the opportunity to learn about new emerging areas from leading experts in the field. ACTS is an example of high-level continuous education for junior engineers, teachers in academe, and students. ACTS was the results of a successful collaboration between societies, the local chapter leaders, and industry leaders. This summer school was the brainchild of Dr. Zhihua Wang, with strong support from volunteers from both the IEEE SSCS and CASS. In addition, the local companies, Synopsys China and Beijing IC Park, provided support. This first ACTS was held in the summer 2017 in Beijing. The lectures were given by academic researchers and industry experts, who presented each 6-hour long lectures on topics covering process technology, EDA skill, and circuit and layout design skills. The school was hosted and organized by the CASS Beijing Chapter, SSCS Beijing Chapter, and SSCS Tsinghua Student Chapter. The co-chairs of the first ACTS were Dr. Milin Zhang, Dr. Hanjun Jiang and Dr. Liyuan Liu. The first ACTS was a great success as illustrated by the many participants from all over China as well as by the publicity it has been received in various media outlets, including Xinhua News, one of the most popular news channels in China.

Knowledge-Based Intelligent Techniques in Character Recognition presents research results on intelligent character recognition techniques, reflecting the tremendous worldwide interest in the applications of knowledge-based techniques in this challenging field. This resource will interest anyone involved in computer science, computer engineering, applied mathematics, or related fields. It will also be of use to researchers, application engineers and students who wish to develop successful character recognition systems such as those used in reading addresses in a postal routing system or processing bank checks. Features

The development of electronics that can operate at high temperatures has been identified as a critical technology for the next century. Increasingly, engineers will be called upon to design avionics, automotive, and geophysical electronic systems requiring components and packaging reliable to 200 DegreesC and beyond. Until now, however, they have had no single resource on high temperature electronics to assist them. Such a resource is critically needed, since the design and manufacture of electronic components have now made it possible to design electronic systems that will operate reliably above the traditional temperature limit of 125 DegreesC. However, successful system development efforts hinge on a firm understanding of the fundamentals of semiconductor physics and device processing, materials selection, package design, and thermal management, together with a knowledge of the intended application environments. High Temperature Electronics brings together this essential information and presents it for the first time in a unified way. Packaging and device engineers and technologists will find this book required reading for its coverage of the techniques and tradeoffs involved in materials selection, design, and thermal management and for its presentation of best design practices using actual fielded systems as examples. In addition, professors and students will find this book suitable for graduate-level courses because of its detailed level of explanation and its coverage of fundamental scientific concepts. Experts from the field of high temperature electronics have contributed to nine chapters covering topics ranging from semiconductor device selection to testing and final assembly.

Identifies the cost sensitive areas for each activity in the logistical system. Illustrates how packaging in addition to protecting and preserving contents can affect total system cost efficiency if designed to adapt well to unitized shipping methods and equipment: efficiently utilize warehouse stor

As the demand for energy continues to grow, optimization has risen to the forefront of power engineering research and development. Continuing in the bestselling tradition of the first edition, Electric Power System Applications of Optimization, Second Edition presents the theoretical background of optimization from a practical power system point of view, exploring advanced techniques, new directions, and continuous application problems. The book provides both the analytical formulation of optimization and various algorithmic issues that arise in the application of various methods in power system planning and operation. The second edition adds new functions involving market programs, pricing, reliability, and advances in intelligent systems with implemented algorithms and illustrative examples. It describes recent developments in the field of Adaptive Critics Design and practical applications of approximate dynamic programming. To round out the coverage, the final chapter combines fundamental theories and theorems from functional optimization, optimal control, and dynamic programming to explain new Adaptive Dynamic Programming concepts and variants. With its one-of-a-kind integration of cornerstone optimization principles with application examples, this second edition propels power engineers to new discoveries in providing optimal supplies of energy.

This book reports on advanced theories and methods in three related fields of research: applied physics, system science and computers. It is organized in two main parts, the first of which covers applied physics topics, including lasers and accelerators; condensed matter, soft matter and materials science; nanoscience and quantum engineering; atomic, molecular, optical and plasma physics; as well as nuclear and high-energy particle physics. It also addresses astrophysics, gravitation, earth and environmental science, as well as medical and biological physics. The second part focuses on advances in system science and computers, exploring automatic circuit control, power systems, computer communication, fluid mechanics, simulation and modeling, software engineering, data structures and applications of artificial intelligence among other areas. Offering a collection of contributions presented at the 1st International Conference on Applied Physics, System Science and Computers (APSAC 2016), the book bridges the gap between applied physics and electrical engineering. It not only to presents new methods, but also promotes collaborations between different communities working on related topics at the interface between physics and engineering, with a special focus on communication, data modeling and visualization, quantum information, applied mechanics as well as bio and geophysics.

The science of superconducting electronics was first developed over forty years ago, fifty years after the discovery of superconductivity. Since then, a wide range of applications has emerged, and more are envisaged within this ever expanding and exciting field. SQUIDs, the Josephson Effects and Superconducting Electronics chronicles this development from fundamental principles to the present work with high-temperature superconductors. The book discusses superconductivity, Josephson effects, and detectors of unparalleled sensitivity such as SQUIDs. It punctuates theory with practical discussions on how to harness this new science. This complete guide to the subject is an invaluable resource for graduate students and researchers with a specific interest in this field. It also provides guidance to those working in areas of industry where superconducting electronics could be applied.

The role that friction and contact play in the processes of wear and planarization on material surfaces is central to the understanding of Chemical-Mechanical planarization (CMP) technology, particularly when applied to nanosurfaces. Tribology in Chemical-Mechanical Planarization presents a detailed account of the CMP process in a language that is suitable for tribology professionals as well as chemists, materials scientists, physicists, and other applied scientists and engineers in fields of semiconductors and microelectronics. The first half of the book is devoted to CMP, while the other focuses on the fundamentals of tribology. As the first source to integrate CMP and tribology, the book illustrates the important role that these fields play in manufacturing and technological development. It follows with an examination of tribological principles and their applications in CMP, including integrated circuits, basic concepts in surfaces of contacts, and common defects. Other topics covered in depth include basics of friction, flash temperature, lubrication fundamentals, basics of wear, polishing particles, and pad wear. The book concludes its focus with CMP practices, discussing mechanical aspects, pad materials, elastic modulus, and cell buckling. Expanding upon the science and technology of tribology to improve the reliability, maintenance, and wear of technical equipment and other material applications, Tribology in Chemical-Mechanical Planarization provides scientists and engineers with clear foresight to the future of this technology.

Brillouin Scattering, Part Two, Volume 110 in the Semiconductors and Semimetal series, marks the centenary of Leon Brillouin's seminal 1922 paper which provided a detailed theory on the effect that now bears his name. Sections in this new release include Optical Fiber Sensors Based on Stimulated Brillouin scattering, Brillouin-based RF frequency sources, SBS for Microwave Photonics (MWP), Engineerable Brillouin processes for integrated photonics, SBS in optical communication systems - the good, the bad and the ugly, Slow light, dynamic gratings and light storage, Non-reciprocity in Brillouin scattering, Electromechanical Brillouin Scattering, and Brillouin light scattering for studying mechanics of biological systems. Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) is the strongest third order nonlinearity and plays an important role in contemporary science and applications, particularly lasers, communications, fiber optics and basic physics. This volume provides different perspectives on current technological contexts of SBS in a range of different application areas, including sensing, communications, radar, imaging and information storage.

UML for Developing Knowledge Management Systems provides knowledge engineers the framework in which to identify types of knowledge and where this knowledge exists in an organization. It also shows ways in which to use a standard recognized notation to capture, or model, knowledge to be used in a knowledge management system (KMS). This volume enables knowledge engineers, systems analysts, designers, developers, and researchers to understand the concept of knowledge modeling with Unified Modeling Language (UML). It offers a guide to quantifying, qualifying, understanding, and modeling knowledge by providing a reusable framework that can be adopted for KMS implementation. Following a brief history of knowledge management, the book discusses knowledge acquisition and the types of knowledge that can be discovered within a domain. It offers an overview of types of models and the concepts behind them. It then reviews UML and how to apply UML to model knowledge. The book concludes by defining and applying the Knowledge Acquisition framework via a real-world case study.

Contamination problems have become a major factor in determining the manufacturability, quality, and reliability of electronic assemblies. Understanding the mechanics and chemistry of contamination has become necessary for improving quality and reliability and reducing costs of electronic assemblies. Designed as a practical guide, Contamination of Electronic Assemblies presents a generalized overview of contamination problems and serves as a problem-solving reference point. It takes a step-by-step approach to identifying contaminants and their effects on electronic products at each level of manufacture. The text is divided into four sections: Laminate Manufacturing, Substrate Fabrication, Printed Wiring Board Assembly, and Conformal Coatings. These sections discuss all aspects of contamination of electronic assemblies, from the manufacture of glass fibers used in the laminates to the complete assembly of the finished product. The authors present detection and control methods that can help you reduce defects during the manufacturing process. With tables, figures, and fishbone diagrams serving as a quick reference, Contamination of Electronic Assemblies will help you familiarize yourself with the origination, detection, measurement, control, and prevention of contamination in electronic assemblies.

"Fills the niche between purely technical engineering texts and sophisticated engineering software guides-providing a pragmatic, common sense approach to analyzing and remedying electronic packaging configuration problems. Combines classical engineering techniques with modern computing to achieve optimum results in assessment cost and accuracy."

Offering an introduction to the field of expert/knowledge based systems, this text covers current and emerging trends as well as future research areas. It considers both the system shell and programming environment approaches to expert system development.;College or university bookshops may order five or more copies at a special student price. Price is available on request.

Using an accessible yet rigorous approach, Active Filters: Theory and Design highlights the essential role of filters, especially analog active filters, in applications for seismology, brainwave research, speech and hearing studies, and other medical electronics. The book demonstrates how to design filters capable of meeting a given set of specifications. Recognizing that circuit simulation by computer has become an indispensable verification tool both in analysis and in design, the author emphasizes the use of MicroCap for rapid test of the filter. He uses three basic filter types throughout the book: Butterworth, Chenyshev, and Bessel. These three types of filters are implemented with the Sallen-Key, infinite gain multiple feedback, state-variable, and biquad circuits that yield low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, and band-reject circuits. The book illustrates many examples of low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, and notch active filters in complete detail, including frequency normalizing and denormalizing techniques. Design equations in each chapter provide students with a thorough grounding in how to implement designs. This detailed theoretical treatment gives you the tools to teach your students how to master filter design and analysis.

This practical guide presents and compares the fundamental theories and techniques of placement and routing and provides important new approaches to solving specific problems.;Focusing on highly reliable methods for good manufacturing capability, Placement and Routing of Electronic Modules: discusses the mathematical basis for placement and routing, including set, combinatorial and graph theories; explicates the definitions, structures and relationships of tree types and gives methods of finding minimum trees; furnishes useful techniques for placing and routing high-density modules; supplies ways to determine the work-space area needed for placement and routing; shows how to estimate the number of layers necessary to complete routing; explains via minimization to reduce work-space area, facilitate manufacture, and reduce the number of layers; demonstrates a variety of search strategies for paths connecting two nodes on a work space with obstacles; and much more. Containing over 300 illustrative examples, figures and tables that clarify concepts and enhance understanding, Placement and Routing of Electronic Modules should be a useful tool for electrical and electronics, mechanical, reliability, process, and manufacturing engineers; computer scientists; applied mathematicians; and graduate-level students in these disciplines.

Most MEMS accelerometers on the market today are capacitive accelerometers that are based on the displacement sensing mechanism. This book is intended to cover recent developments of MEMS silicon oscillating accelerometers (SOA), also referred to as MEMS resonant accelerometer. As contrast to the capacitive accelerometer, the MEMS SOA is based on the force sensing mechanism, where the input acceleration is converted to a frequency output. MEMS Silicon Oscillating Accelerometers and Readout Circuits consists of six chapters and covers both MEMS sensor and readout circuit, and provides an in-depth coverage on the design and modelling of the MEMS SOA with several recently reported prototypes. The book is not only useful to researchers and engineers who are familiar with the topic, but also appeals to those who have general interests in MEMS inertial sensors. The book includes extensive references that provide further information on this topic.

All engineers need to understand the fundamental principles of electrical and electronic technology. This best-selling text provides a clear and accessible introduction to the area, with balanced coverage of electrical, electronic, and power engineering.

The volume provides a wealth of up-to-date information on developments and applications of deep learning in healthcare and medicine, providing deep insight and understanding of novel applications that address the tough questions of disease diagnosis, prevention, and immunization. The volume looks at applications of deep learning for major medical challenges such as cancer detection and identification, birth asphyxia among neonates, kidney abnormalities, white blood cell segmentation, diabetic retinopathy detection, and Covid-19 diagnosis, prevention, and immunization. The volume discusses applications of deep learning in detection, diagnosis, intensive examination and evaluation, genomic sequencing, convolutional neural networks for image recognition and processing, and more for health issues such as kidney problems, brain tumors, lung damage, and breast cancer. The authors look at ML for brain tumor segmentation, in lung CT scans, in digital X-ray devices, and for logistic and transport systems for effective delivery of healthcare.

IMRET 5 featured more than 80 oral and poster communications, covering the entire interdisciplinary field from design, production, modeling and characterization of microreactor devices to application of microstructured systems for production, energy and transportation, including many analytical and biological applications. A particularly strong topic was the investigation of the potential of microstructuring of reactors and systems components for process intensification. Perspectives of combining local, in situ, data acquisition with appropriate microstructuring of actuators and components within chemical and biological devices were explored in order to enhance process performance and facilitate process control.

Elaborating on the concept of context awareness, this book presents up-to-date research and novel framework designs for context-aware mobile sensing. Generic and Energy-Efficient Context-Aware Mobile Sensing proposes novel context-inferring algorithms and generic framework designs that can help readers enhance existing tradeoffs in mobile sensing, especially between accuracy and power consumption. The book presents solutions that emphasize must-have system characteristics such as energy efficiency, accuracy, robustness, adaptability, time-invariance, and optimal sensor sensing. Numerous application examples guide readers from fundamental concepts to the implementation of context-aware-related algorithms and frameworks. Covering theory and practical strategies for context awareness in mobile sensing, the book will help readers develop the modeling and analysis skills required to build futuristic context-aware framework designs for resource-constrained platforms. Includes best practices for designing and implementing practical context-aware frameworks in ubiquitous/mobile sensing Proposes a lightweight online classification method to detect user-centric postural actions Examines mobile device-based battery modeling under the scope of battery nonlinearities with respect to variant loads Unveils a novel discrete time inhomogeneous hidden semi-Markov model (DT-IHS-MM)-based generic framework to achieve a better realization of HAR-based mobile context awareness Supplying theory and equation derivations for all the concepts discussed, the book includes design tips for the implementation of smartphone programming as well as pointers on how to make the best use of MATLAB® for the presentation of performance analysis. Coverage includes lightweight, online, and unsupervised pattern recognition methods; adaptive, time-variant, and optimal sensory sampling strategies; and energy-efficient, robust, and inhomogeneous context-aware framework designs. Researchers will learn the latest modeling and analysis research on mobile sensing. Students will gain access to accessible reference material on mobile sensing theory and practice. Engineers will gain authoritative insights into cutting-edge system designs.