This book presents the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Languages and Compilers for Parallel Computing, LCPC'96, held in San Jose, California, in August 1996.
The book contains 35 carefully revised full papers together with nine poster presentations. The papers are organized in topical sections on automatic data distribution and locality enhancement, program analysis, compiler algorithms for fine-grain parallelism, instruction scheduling and register allocation, parallelizing compilers, communication optimization, compiling HPF, and run-time control of parallelism.

Dependability has always been an vital attribute of operational systems, regardless of whether they are highly-specialised (like electricity generating plants) or more general-purpose (like domestic appliances). This volume provides a highly-readable overview of the topic, concentrating on dependability as a life-cycle management issue rather than as a technical subject. Specifically avoiding technical language and complex mathematics, it is designed to be accessible to readers at all levels. It will be of particular interest to project managers and software engineers in industries where dependability is of particular importance, such as aerospace, process control, and mining. It will also provide useful reading material for students taking courses with modules in dependability. Felix Redmill and Chris Dale have both worked in industry for over 15 years, and now run successful consultancy businesses.

This book presents the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference on Mobile Agents, MA '97, held in Berlin, Germany, in April 1997.
Mobile Agents offer unique opportunities for structuring and implementing distributed systems. A wide range of applications has been identified for mobile agent technology, including electronic commerce, telecommunication services, network management, group work, and workflow management.
The 18 revised full papers presented in the volume were selected out of a total of 34 submissions; all in all they reflect the state of the art in the exciting area of mobile agent technology.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Workshop on Communication and Architectural Support for Network-Based Parallel Computing, CANPC'97, held in San Antonio, Texas, USA, in February 1997.
The 19 revised full papers presented were carefully selected from a total of 36 submissions. Among the topics addressed are processor/network interfaces, communication protocols, high-performance network technology, operating systems and architectural issues, and load balancing techniques. All in all, the papers competently describe the state-of-the-art for network-based computing systems.

This book constitutes the strictly refereed post-conference proceedings of the International Conference on Worldwide Computing and Its Applications, WWCA'97, held in Tsukuba, Japan, in March 1997.
The volume presents 15 revised full papers selected from 50 submissions as well as 15 revised invited papers by leading researchers in this emerging area and two keynotes. The papers are organized in topical sections on distributed programming languages and systems, distributed object environments, cooperative computation, collaboration support Systems, collaborative media, novel distributed applications, Internet and protocols, distributed system platforms, mobile computing, and application gateways.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Conference of the Austrian Center for Parallel Computation, ACPC '96, held in Klagenfurt, Austria, in September 1996.
The 15 revised full papers presented together with two keynote contributions were selected from 31 submissions by authors from 13 countries. Also included are two industrial papers and six posters. The topical emphasis of the book is on parallel databases and parallel input/output aspects; however also other topics are addressed, like parallel hardware, parallel numerics, parallel languages, and tools and algorithms.

27 contributions treat the state of the art in Monte Carlo and Finite Element methods for radiosity and radiance. Further special topics dealt with are the use of image maps to capture light throughout space, complexity, volumetric stochastic descriptions, innovative approaches to sampling and approximation, and system architecture. The Rendering Workshop proceedings are an obligatory piece of literature for all scientists working in the rendering field, but they are also very valuable for the practitioner involved in the implementation of state of the art rendering system certainly influencing the scientific progress in this field.

This book presents the refereed proceedings of the International Workshop on Parallel Symbolic Languages and Systems, PSLS '95, held in Beaune, France, in October 1995.
The 21 full papers included in the book were carefully selected for presentation at the meeting and thoroughly revised afterwards. Parallel symbolic computing has gained in importance for high-performance computing; in recent years, many applications have been implemented using C, C++, and their parallel extensions. This volume is organized in sections on evaluation strategies, programming tools, irregular data structures and applications, systems, and distributed models and systems.

This book presents the refereed proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Compiler Construction, CC '96, held in Link ping, Sweden in April 1996.
The 23 revised full papers included were selected from a total of 57 submissions; also included is an invited paper by William Waite entitled "Compiler Construction: Craftsmanship or Engineering?." The book reports the state of the art in the area of theoretical foundations and design of compilers; among the topics addressed are program transformation, software pipelining, compiler optimization, program analysis, program inference, partial evaluation, implementational aspects, and object-oriented compilers.

This book presents the refereed proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, TACAS '96, held in Passau, Germany in March 1996.
The book presents 19 revised full papers selected from a total of 47 submissions together with 11 tool presentations and 3 invited papers. The collection of papers addresses all current aspects of the design and analysis of distributed systems; the volume is organized in topical sections on tools, model checking and testing, security, models and methods, case studies, and logic and programs.

This book presents the refereed proceedings of the Eighth Annual Workshop on Languages and Compilers for Parallel Computing, held in Columbus, Ohio in August 1995.
The 38 full revised papers presented were carefully selected for inclusion in the proceedings and reflect the state of the art of research and advanced applications in parallel languages, restructuring compilers, and runtime systems. The papers are organized in sections on fine-grain parallelism, interprocedural analysis, program analysis, Fortran 90 and HPF, loop parallelization for HPF compilers, tools and libraries, loop-level optimization, automatic data distribution, compiler models, irregular computation, object-oriented and functional parallelism.

This book presents 12 revised refereed papers selected as the best from 32 submissions for the First International Workshop on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, TACAS '95, held in Aarhus, Denmark, in May 1995.
The workshop brought together 46 researchers interested in the development and application of tools and algorithms for specification, verification, analysis, and construction of distributed systems. The papers included in the book are devoted to refinement-based and compositional verification, construction techniques, analysis and verification via theorem proving, process algebras, temporal and modal logics, techniques for real-time, hybrid and probabilistic systems, and value-passing systems.

This book constitutes the refereed revised post-workshop proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video, NOSSDAV '95, held in Durham, New Hampshire, USA in April 1995.
The 24 full papers included were selected from a total of 101 submissions; together with overviews by the session chairpersons they reflect the state of the art in networking and operating systems support for multimedia. The papers are organized in sections on advance reservation systems, operating systems support, resource management and quality of service, audio and video systems, and scheduling and synchronization.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Modelling Techniques and Tools for Computer Performance Evaluation (Performance Tools '95) and of the 8th GI/ITG Conference on Measuring, Modelling and Evaluating Computing and Communication Systems, MMB '95, held jointly in Heidelberg, Germany in September 1995.
The volume presents 26 full refereed papers selected from a total of 86 submissions, together with two invited contributions. The scope of the papers includes measurement- and model-based approaches for quantitative systems assessment, reports on theoretical and methodological progress, and novel and improved assessment techniques and their tool implementations and applications.

This book is the proceedings of the Structures in Concurrency Theory workshop (STRICT) that was held from 11 th to l3th May 1995 in Berlin, Germany. It includes three invited contributions - by J. de Bakker, E. Best et aI, and E. R. Olderog and M. Schenke - and all papers which were submitted and accepted for presentation. Concurrency Theory deals with formal aspects of concurrent systems. It uses partly competing and partly complementary formalisms and structures. The aim of this workshop was to present and compare different formalisms and results in Concurrency Theory. STRICT was organized by the Humboldt-University Berlin and the ESPRIT Basic Research Working Group CALIBAN. Original papers had been sought from all scientists in the field of Concurrency Theory. The Programme Committee selected twenty contributions with various different topics, including Petri Nets, Process Algebras, Distributed Algorithms, Formal Semantics, and others. I am grateful to the Programme Committee and to the other referees for the careful evaluation of the submitted papers.

Following five successful workshops in the previous five years, the Rendering Workshop is now well established as a major international forum and one of the most reputable events in the field of realistic image synthesis. Including the best 31 papers which were carefully evaluated out of 68 submissions the book gives an overview on hierarchical radiosity, Monte Carlo radiosity, wavelet radiosity, nondiffuse radiosity, and radiosity performance improvements. Some papers deal with ray tracing, reconstruction techniques, volume rendering, illumination, user interface aspects, and importance sampling. Also included are two invited papers by James Arvo and Alain Fournier. As is the style of the Rendering Workshop, the contributions are mainly of algorithmic nature, often demonstrated by prototype implementations. From these implementations result numerous color images which are included as appendix. The Rendering Workshop proceedings are certainly an obligatory piece of literature for all scientists working in the rendering field, but they are also very valuable for the practitioner involved in the implementation of state of the art rendering system certainly influencing the scientific progress in this field.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Concurrency Theory, CONCUR '95, held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in August 1995.
The volume presents seven invited contributions by outstanding researchers and 33 refereed full research papers selected by the program committee out of a total of 91 submissions. The collection of articles gives a representative overview on what happened in this area of research, since the last CONCUR conference took place. There are sections on model checking, mobile processes, process theory, true concurrency, process algebra, probabilistic automata, real-time systems, testing semantics, decidability results, refinement theory, and linear-time logics.

The Sixth International Workshop on Persistent Object Systems was held at Les Mazets des Roches near Tarascon, Provence in southern France from the fifth to the ninth of September 1994. The attractive context and autumn warmth greeted the 53 participants from 12 countries spread over five continents. Persistent object systems continue to grow in importance. Almost all significant uses of computers to support human endeavours depend on long-lived and large-scale systems. As expectations and ambitions rise so the sophistication of the systems we attempt to build also rises. The quality and integrity of the systems and their feasibility for supporting large groups of co-operating people depends on their technical founda tion. Persistent object systems are being developed which provide a more robust and yet simpler foundation for these persistent applications. The workshop followed the tradition of the previous workshops in the series, focusing on the design, implementation and use of persistent object systems in particular and persistent systems in general. There were clear signs that this line of research is maturing, as engineering issues were discussed with the aid of evidence from operational systems. The work presented covered the complete range of database facilities: transactions, concurrency, distribution, integrity and schema modifica tion. There were examples of very large scale use, one involving tens of terabytes of data. Language issues, particularly the provision of reflection, continued to be important."

J iirgen N ehmer Load distribution is a very important concept for distributed systems in order to achieve better performance, resource utilization and response times. Providing effi cient mechanisms for the transparent support of load distribution has proven to be an extremely difficult undertaking. As a matter of fact, there is no commercially avail able system which provides transparent load distribution right now. The monograph by D. Milojicic presents a novel load distribution scheme based on modern microker nel architectures. The remarkable results of D. MilojiCiC's approach show evidence for his hypothesis that load distribution is feasible even under strong efficiency con straints if built upon microkernel architectures. Based on a complete implementation using the NORMA-version of Mach, D. MilojiCic shows that substantial performance improvements of his load distribution scheme on top of Mach result from the dramatic reduction of state information to be managed in course of a task migration. For readers not familiar with the topic, the monograph gives a good survey of the load distribution problem and puts existing approaches into perspective. Contents Preface xvii 1 Introduction 1 1. 1 Motivation . . . . . 1 1. 2 Load Distribution 3 1. 3 Research Contributions . 5 1. 4 Thesis Outline. . . 6 2 Background and Related Work 9 2. 1 Introduction. 9 2. 2 Migration 9 2. 2. 1 Design 11 2. 2. 2 Issues 12 2. 2. 3 Previous Work 14 2. 3 Load Information Management 19 2. 3. 1 Design . . . . 20 2. 3. 2 Issues . . . ."

This volume constitutes the proceedings of the 12th British National Conference on Databases (BNCOD-12), held at Surrey, Guildford in July 1994. The BNCOD conferences are thought as a platform for exchange between theoreticians and practitioners, where researchers from academia and industry meet professionals interested in advanced database applications. The 13 refereed papers presented in the proceedings were selected from 47 submissions; they are organized in chapters on temporal databases, formal approaches, parallel databases, object-oriented databases, and distributed databases. In addition there are two invited presentations: "Managing open systems now that the "Glashouse" has gone" by R. Baker and "Knowledge reuse through networks of large KBs" by P.M.D. Gray.

Advances in hardware and software technologies have led to an increased interest in the use of large-scale parallel and distributed systems for database, real-time, defense, and large-scale commercial applications. One of the biggest system issues is developing effective techniques for the distribution of multiple program processes on multiple processors. This book discusses how to schedule the processes among processing elements to achieve the expected performance goals, such as minimizing execution time, minimizing communication delays, or maximizing resource utilization.
This book focuses on the future directions of the static scheduling and dynamic load balancing methods in parallel and distributed systems. It provides an overview and a detailed discussion on a wide range of topics from theoretical background to practical, state-of-the-art scheduling and load balancing techniques.
The book will be a useful guide to industry professionals, academic professors, and students who are interested in these important aspects of parallel and distributed systems. Also, it will be helpful to those working on research and development in parallel processing applications, compilers and operating systems, system design, and software tools for parallel program development.

The International Conference on Compiler Construction provides a forum for presentation and discussion of recent developments in the area of compiler construction, language implementation and language design. Its scope ranges from compilation methods and tools to implementation techniques for specific requirements on languages and target architectures. It also includes language design and programming environment issues which are related to language translation. There is an emphasis on practical and efficient techniques.
This volume contains the papers selected for presentation at CC '94, the fifth International Conference on Compiler Construction, held in Edinburgh, U.K., in April 1994.

The sed & awk Pocket Reference is a handy, quick reference guide to frequently used functions, commands, and regular expressions used for day-to-day text processing needs. This book is a companion to both sed & awk, Second Edition and Effective awk Programming, Third Edition.

Formal specifications were first used in the description of program ming languages because of the central role that languages and their compilers play in causing a machine to perform the computations required by a programmer. In a relatively short time, specification notations have found their place in industry and are used for the description of a wide variety of software and hardware systems. A formal method - like VDM - must offer a mathematically-based specification language. On this language rests the other key element of the formal method: the ability to reason about a specification. Proofs can be empioyed in reasoning about the potential behaviour of a system and in the process of showing that the design satisfies the specification. The existence of a formal specification is a prerequisite for the use of proofs; but this prerequisite is not in itself sufficient. Both proofs and programs are large formal texts. Would-be proofs may therefore contain errors in the same way as code. During the difficult but inevitable process of revising specifications and devel opments, ensuring consistency is a major challenge. It is therefore evident that another requirement - for the successful use of proof techniques in the development of systems from formal descriptions - is the availability of software tools which support the manipu lation of large bodies of formulae and help the user in the design of the proofs themselves."

Systems, Models and Measures seeks to bridge the gap between the 'classical' and the newer technologies by constructing a systematic measurement framework for both. The authors use their experience as consultants in systems, software and quality engineering to take the subject from concept and theory, via strategy and procedure, to tools and applications. The book clarifies the key notions of system, model, measurement, product, process, specification and design. Practical examples demonstrate the 'architecture' of measurement schemes, extending them to object-oriented and subjective measurement. A detailed case study provides a measurement strategy for formal specifications, including Prolog, Z and VDM. The reader will be able to formulate problems in measurable terms, appraise and compare formal specifications, assess and enhance existing measurement practices, and devise measurement schemes for describing objective characteristics and expressing value judgements.