A detailed introduction to interdisciplinary application area of distributed systems, namely the computer support of individuals trying to solve a problem in cooperation with each other but not necessarily having identical work places or working times. The book is addressed to students of distributed systems, communications, information science and socio-organizational theory, as well as to users and developers of systems with group communication and cooperation as top priorities.

With the advent of portable and autonomous computing systems, power con sumption has emerged as a focal point in many research projects, commercial systems and DoD platforms. One current research initiative, which drew much attention to this area, is the Power Aware Computing and Communications (PAC/C) program sponsored by DARPA. Many of the chapters in this book include results from work that have been supported by the PACIC program. The performance of computer systems has been tremendously improving while the size and weight of such systems has been constantly shrinking. The capacities of batteries relative to their sizes and weights has been also improv ing but at a rate which is much slower than the rate of improvement in computer performance and the rate of shrinking in computer sizes. The relation between the power consumption of a computer system and it performance and size is a complex one which is very much dependent on the specific system and the technology used to build that system. We do not need a complex argument, however, to be convinced that energy and power, which is the rate of energy consumption, are becoming critical components in computer systems in gen eral, and portable and autonomous systems, in particular. Most of the early research on power consumption in computer systems ad dressed the issue of minimizing power in a given platform, which usually translates into minimizing energy consumption, and thus, longer battery life."

Computer systems can only deliver benefits if functionality, users and usability are central to their design and deployment. This book encapsulates work done in the DIRC project (Interdisciplinary Research Collaboration in Dependability), bringing together a range of disciplinary approaches - computer science, sociology and software engineering - to produce a socio-technical systems perspective on the issues surrounding trust in technology in complex settings.

This essential resource for professionals and advanced students in security programming and system design introduces the foundations of programming systems security and the theory behind access control models, and addresses emerging access control mechanisms.

Operating systems kernels are central to the functioning of computers. Security of the overall system, as well as its reliability and responsiveness, depend upon the correct functioning of the kernel. This unique approach - presenting a formal specification of a kernel - starts with basic constructs and develops a set of kernels; proofs are included as part of the text.

This book provides an in-depth description of event-based systems, covering topics ranging from local event matching and distributed event forwarding algorithms, through a practical discussion of software engineering issues raised by the event-based style, to state-of-the-art research in event-based systems like composite event detection and security. The authors offer a comprehensive overview, and show the power of event-based architectures in modern system design, encouraging professionals to exploit this technique in next generation large-scale distributed applications like information dissemination, network monitoring, enterprise application integration, or mobile systems.

Design of complex artifacts and systems requires the cooperation of multidisciplinary design teams using multiple sophisticated commercial and non-commercial engine- ing tools such as CAD tools, modeling, simulation and optimization software, en- neering databases, and knowledge-based systems. Individuals or individual groups of multidisciplinary design teams usually work in parallel and independently with various engineering tools, which are located on different sites, often for quite a long period of time. At any moment, individual members may be working on different versions of a design or viewing the design from various perspectives, at different levels of details. In order to meet these requirements, it is necessary to have efficient comput- supported collaborative design systems. These systems should not only automate in- vidual tasks, in the manner of traditional computer-aided engineering tools, but also enable individual members to share information, collaborate, and coordinate their activities within the context of a design project. Based on close international collaboration between the University of Technology of Compiegne in France and the Institute of Computing Technology of the Chinese Ac- emy of Sciences in the early 1990s, a series of international workshops on CSCW in Design started in 1996. In order to facilitate the organization of these workshops, an International Working Group on CSCW in Design (CSCWD) was established and an International Steering Committee was formed in 1998. The series was converted to int- national conferences in 2000 building on the success of the four previous workshops."

The Workshop on Self-sustaining Systems (S3) is a forum for the discussion of topics relating to computer systems and languages that are able to bootstrap, implement, modify, and maintain themselves. One property of these systems is that their implementation is based onsmall but powerfulabstractions;examples include (amongst others) Squeak/Smalltalk, COLA, Klein/Self, PyPy/Python, Rubinius/Ruby, andLisp.Suchsystemsaretheenginesoftheirownreplacement, giving researchers and developers great power to experiment with, and explore future directions from within, their own small language kernels. S3 took place on May 15-16, 2008 at the Hasso-Plattner-Institute (HPI) in Potsdam, Germany. It was an exciting opportunity for researchers and prac- tioners interested in self-sustaining systems to meet and share their knowledge, experience, and ideas for future research and development. S3 provided an - portunity for a community to gather and discuss the need for self-sustainability in software systems, and to share and explore thoughts on why such systems are needed and how they can be created and deployed. Analogies were made, for example, with evolutionary cycles, and with urban design and the subsequent inevitable socially-driven change. TheS3participantsleftwithagreatersenseofcommunityandanenthusiasm for probing more deeply into this subject. We see the need for self-sustaining systems becoming critical not only to the developer's community, but to e- users in business, academia, learning and play, and so we hope that this S3 workshop will become the ?rst of many.

This edition marks the tenth Middleware conference. The ?rst conference was held in the Lake District of England in 1998, and its genesis re?ected a growing realization that middleware systems were a unique breed of distributed system requiring their own rigorous research and evaluation. Distributed systems had been around for decades, and the Middleware conference itself resulted from the combination of three previous conferences. But the attempt to build common platforms for many di?erent applications requireda unique combinationofhi- level abstraction and low-level optimization, and presented challenges di?erent from building a monolithic distributed system. Since that ?rst conference, the notion of what constitutes "middleware" has changed somewhat, and the focus of research papers has changed with it. The ?rst edition focused heavily on distributed objects as a metaphor for building systems, including six papers with "CORBA" or "ORB" in the title. In f- lowing years, the conference broadened to cover publish/subscribe messaging, peer-to-peer systems, distributed databases, Web services, and automated m- agement, among other topics. Innovative techniques and architectures surfaced in workshops, and expanded to become themes of the main conference, while changes in the industry and advances in other research areas helped to shape research agendas. This tenth edition includes papers on next-generation pl- forms (such as stream systems, pervasive systems and cloud systems), managing enterprise data centers, and platforms for building other platforms, among o- ers.

At the School of Information Technology, KMUTT, we believe that information te- nology is the most important driver of economy and social development. IT can - able better productivity, as well as helping us to save resources. IT is giving rise to a new round of industrial and business revolution. We now can have products and s- vices that once were believed to be beyond reach. Without IT, it is impossible for people to realize their full potential. Businesses worldwide are harnessing the power of broadband communication, which will have a profound and constructive impact on the economic, social devel- ment, education, and almost all aspects of our life. This new era of unified commu- cation presents us with new challenges. This is why we should work together more closely to enhance the exchange of knowledge related to effective application of broadband communication and IT. It is my sincere hope that all contributions to the Third International Conference on Advances in Information Technology (IAIT 2009) will increase our understanding of how we can have effectively apply this emerging technology for the benefit of all people all around the world. I hope IAIT 2009 will also lead to more research that can contr- ute to a better methodology for IT applications in the era of unified communication. I am very grateful to all our keynotes speakers for coming all the way to Thailand.

Information and communication technologies are advancing fast. Processing speed is still increasing at a high rate, followed by advances in digital storage technology, which double storage capacity every year. Furthermore, communication techno- gies do not lag behind. The Internet has been widely used, as well as wireless te- nologies. With a few mouse clicks, people can communicate with each other around the world. All these advances have great potential to change the way people live, introducing new concepts like ubiquitous computing and ambient intelligence. Technology is becoming present everywhere in the form of smart and sensitive c- puting devices. They are nonintrusive, transparent and hidden in the background, but they collect, process, and share all kinds of information, including user beh- ior, in order to act in an intelligent and adaptive way. These emerging technologies put new requirements on security and data m- agement. As data are accessible anytime anywhere, it becomes much easier to get unauthorized data access. Furthermore, the use of new technologies has brought about some privacy concerns. It becomes simpler to collect, store, and search personal information, thereby endangering people's privacy. Therefore, research in secure data management is gaining importance, attracting the attention of both the data management and the security research communities. The intere- ing problems range from traditional topics, such as, access control and general database security, via privacy protection to new research directions, such as cryptographically enforced access control.

The application of formal methods to security protocol analysis has attracted increasing attention in the past two decades, and recently has been sh- ing signs of new maturity and consolidation. The development of these formal methodsismotivatedbythehostilenatureofsomeaspectsofthenetworkand the persistent e?orts of intruders, and has been widely discussed among - searchers in this ?eld. Contributions to the investigation of novel and e?cient ideas and techniques have been made through some important conferences and journals, such asESORICS, CSFW andACM Transactions in Computer Systems. Thus, formal methods have played an important role in a variety of applications such as discrete system analysis for cryptographic protocols, - lief logics and state exploration tools. A complicated security protocol can be abstractedasamanipulationofsymbolsandstructurescomposedbysymbols. The analysis of e-commerce (electronic commerce) protocols is a particular case of such symbol systems. There have been considerable e?orts in developing a number of tools for ensuring the security of protocols, both specialized and general-purpose, such as belief logic and process algebras. The application of formal methods starts with the analysis of key-distribution protocols for communication between two principals at an early stage. With the performance of transactions - coming more and more dependent on computer networks, and cryptography becoming more widely deployed, the type of application becomes more varied and complicated. The emerging complex network-based transactions such as ?nancial transactionsand secure groupcommunication have not only brought innovationstothecurrentbusinesspractice, butthey alsoposeabigchallenge to protect the information transmitted over the open network from malicious attack

All modern industries rely on large and complex software systems. In order to construct such large systems in a systematic manner, the focus of the development methodologies has switched in the last two decades from functional to structural issues. Formal methods have been applied successfully to the verification of medium-sized programs in protocol and hardware design. However, their application to the development of large systems requires a greater emphasis on specification, modeling, and validation techniques supporting the concepts of reusability and modifiability, and their implementation in new extensions of existing programming languages like Java.

This state-of-the-art survey presents the outcome of the 7th Symposium on Formal Methods for Components and Objects, held in Sophia Antipolis, France, in October 2008. The volume contains 14 revised contributions submitted after the symposium by speakers from each of the following European IST projects: the IST-FP7 project COMPAS on compliance-driven models, languages, and architectures for services; the IST-FP6 project CREDO on modelling and analysis of evolutionary structures for distributed services; the IST-FP7 DEPLOY on industrial deployment of advanced system engineering methods for high productivity and dependability; the IST-FP6 project GridComp on grid programming with components; and the IST-FP6 project MOBIUS aiming at developing the technology for establishing trust and security for the next generation of global computers, using the proof carrying code paradigm.

This volume contains the proceedings of the 10th IFIP Working Group 6.1 - ternational Conference on Formal Methods for Open Object-Based Distributed Systems (FMOODS 2008).The conference was part of the Third Federated c- ferences on Distributed Computing Techniques (DisCoTec), together with the 10th International Conference on Coordination Models and Languages (COOR- DINATION 2008) and the 8th IFIP International Conference on Distributed Applications and Interoperable Systems (DAIS 2008). We are grateful to Frank Eliassen and Einar Broch Johnsen of the University of Oslo for the excellent organization of this event in Olso, Norway, June 4-6, 2008. The goal of the FMOODS conferences is to bring together researchers and practitioners whose work encompasses three important and related ?elds: - Formal methods - Distributed systems - Object-based technology The 14 papers presented at FMOODS 2008 and included in this volume were selected by the Program Committee among 35 submissions. Each submission was reviewed by at least three Program Committee members. They all re?ect thescopeoftheconferenceandcoverthe following topics: semantics of obje- oriented programming; formal techniques for speci?cation, analysis, and re?- ment; model checking; theorem proving and deductive veri?cation;type systems and behavioral typing; formal methods for service-oriented computing; integ- tion of quality of service requirements into formal models; formal approaches to component-based design; and applications of formal methods.

Adaptation, for purposes of self-healing, self-protection, self-management, or self-regulation, is currently considered to be one of the most challenging pr- erties of distributed systems that operate in dynamic, unpredictable, and - tentially hostile environments. Engineering for adaptation is particularly c- plicated when the distributed system itself is composed of autonomous entities that, on one hand, may act collaboratively and with benevolence, and, on the other, maybehavesel?shlywhilepursuingtheirowninterests.Still, theseentities have to coordinate themselves in order to adapt appropriately to the prevailing environmental conditions, and furthermore, to deliberate upon their own and the system's con?guration, and to be transparent to their users yet consistent with any human requirements. The question, therefore, of "how to organize the envisagedadaptationforsuchautonomousentitiesinasystematicway"becomes of paramount importance. The ?rst international workshop on "Organized Adaptation in Multi-Agent Systems" (OAMAS) was a one-day event held as part of the workshop p- gram arranged by the international conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (AAMAS). It was hosted in Estoril during May, 2008, and was attended by more than 30 researchers. OAMAS was the steady convergence of a number of lines of research which suggested that such a workshop would be timely and opportune. This includes the areas of autonomic computing, swarm intelligence, agent societies, self-organizing complex systems, and 'emergence' in general.

This volume contains the papers presented at SAT 2009: 12th International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satis?ability Testing, held from June 30 to July 3, 2009 in Swansea (UK). The International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satis?ability Testing (SAT) started in 1996 as a series of workshops, and, in parallel with the growthof SAT, developedinto the main eventfor SAT research. This year'sc- ference testi?ed to the strong interest in SAT, regarding theoretical research, - searchonalgorithms, investigationsintoapplications, anddevelopmentofsolvers and software systems. As a core problem of computer science, SAT is central for many research areas, and has deep interactions with many mathematical s- jects. Major impulses for the development of SAT came from concrete practical applications as well as from fundamental theoretical research. This fruitful c- laboration can be seen in virtually all papers of this volume. There were 86 submissions (completed papers within the scope of the c- ference). Each submission was reviewed by at least three, and on average 4. 0 Programme Committee members. The Committee decided to accept 45 papers, consisting of 34 regular and 11 short papers (restricted to 6 pages). A main n- elty was a "shepherding process," where 29% of the papers were accepted only conditionally, and requirements on necessary improvements were formulated by the ProgrammeCommittee and its installment monitored by the "shepherd" for thatpaper(using possibly severalroundsoffeedback).

The growing complexity of modern software systems increases the di?culty of ensuring the overall dependability of software-intensive systems. Complexity of environments, in which systems operate, high dependability requirements that systems have to meet, as well as the complexity of infrastructures on which they rely make system design a true engineering challenge. Mastering system complexity requires design techniques that support clear thinking and rigorous validation and veri?cation. Formal design methods help to achieve this. Coping with complexity also requires architectures that are t- erant of faults and of unpredictable changes in environment. This issue can be addressed by fault-tolerant design techniques. Therefore, there is a clear need of methods enabling rigorous modelling and development of complex fault-tolerant systems. This bookaddressessuchacuteissues indevelopingfault-tolerantsystemsas: - Veri?cation and re?nement of fault-tolerant systems - Integrated approaches to developing fault-tolerant systems - Formal foundations for error detection, error recovery, exception and fault handling - Abstractions, styles and patterns for rigorousdevelopment of fault tolerance - Fault-tolerant software architectures - Development and application of tools supporting rigorous design of depe- able systems - Integrated platforms for developing dependable systems - Rigorous approaches to speci?cation and design of fault tolerance in novel computing systems TheeditorsofthisbookwereinvolvedintheEU(FP-6)projectRODIN(R- orous Open Development Environment for Complex Systems), which brought together researchers from the fault tolerance and formal methods communi- 1 ties. In 2007 RODIN organized the MeMoT workshop held in conjunction with the Integrated Formal Methods 2007 Conference at Oxford University.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, ARCS 2009, held in Delft, The Netherlands, in March 2009.

The 21 revised full papers presented together with 3 keynote papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 57 submissions. This year's special focus is set on energy awareness. The papers are organized in topical sections on compilation technologies, reconfigurable hardware and applications, massive parallel architectures, organic computing, memory architectures, enery awareness, Java processing, and chip-level multiprocessing.

Computinghasbeenanenormousacceleratortoscienceandindustryalikeandit has led to an information explosion in many di?erent ?elds. The unprecedented volume of data acquired from sensors, derived by simulations and data analysis processes, accumulated in warehouses, and often shared on the Web, has given risetoanew?eldofresearch: provenancemanagement.Provenance(alsoreferred to as audit trail, lineage, and pedigree) captures information about the steps used to generate a given data product. Such information provides important documentation that is key to preserving data, to determining the data's quality and authorship, to understanding, reproducing, as well as validating results. Provenancemanagement has become an active ?eld of research, as evidenced byrecentspecializedworkshops, surveys, andtutorials.Provenancesolutionsare needed in many di?erent domains and applications, from environmental science and physics simulations, to business processes and data integration in wa- houses. Not surprisingly, di?erent techniques and provenance models have been proposed in many areas such as work?ow systems, visualization, databases, d- ital libraries, and knowledge representation. An important challenge we face - dayishowtointegratethesetechniquesandmodelssothatcompleteprovenance can be derived for complex data products. The InternationalProvenanceand AnnotationWorkshop(IPAW 2008)wasa follow-up to previous workshopsin Chigago (2006, 2002)and Edinburgh (2003). It was held during June 17-18, in Salt Lake City, at the University of Utah campus. IPAW 2008 brought together computer scientists from di?erent areas and provenance users to discuss open problems related to the provenance of computational and non-computational artifacts. A total of 55 people attended the workshop.

This volume contains the proceedings of the 6th Asian Symposium on Progr- ming Languages and Systems (APLAS 2008), which took place in Bangalore, December 9 - December 11, 2008. The symposium was sponsored by the Asian Association for Foundation of Software (AAFS) and the Indian Institute of S- ence. It was held at the Indian Institute of Science, as part of the institute's centenary celebrations, and was co-located with FSTTCS (Foundations of So- ware Technology and Theoretical Computer Science) 2008, organized by the Indian Association for Research in Computer Science (IARCS). In response to the call for papers, 41 full submissions were received. Each submission was reviewed by at least four Program Committee members with the help of external reviewers. The ProgramCommittee meeting was conducted electronically over a 2-week period. After careful discussion, the Program C- mittee selected 20 papers. I would like to sincerely thank all the members of the APLAS 2008 Program Committee for their excellent job, and all the external reviewers for their invaluable contribution. The submission and review process was managed using the EasyChair system. In addition to the 20 contributed papers, the symposium also featured three invitedtalksbyDinoDistefano(QueenMary, UniversityofLondon, UK), Radha Jagadeesan (DePaul University, USA), and Simon Peyton-Jones (Microsoft - search Cambridge, UK). Many people have helped to promote APLAS as a high-quality forum in Asia to serveprogramminglanguageresearchersworldwide.Following a seriesof well-attendedworkshopsthatwereheldinSingapore(2000), Daejeon(2001), and Shanghai (2002), the ?rst ?ve formal symposiums were held in Beijing (2003), Taipei (2004), Tsukuba (2005), Sydney (2006), and Singapore (2007).

This volume contains the proceedings of the Second International DMTF Ac- emic Alliance Workshopon Systems and Virtualization Management:Standards and New Technologies (SVM 2008) held in Munich, Germany, during October 21-22, 2008. The SVM 2008 proceedings are intended for use by students of systems and virtualization management. The reader is presumed to have a basic knowledge of systems management technologies and standards at the level provided, for example, the Common Information Model (CIM) standard for modeling m- agement resources. The student of systems management will ?nd here material that could be included in anadvanced study program.These proceedings should furthermoreallowstudents to acquireanappreciationofthe breadthandvariety of systems and virtualization management research. The proceedings also illuminate related standards and research issues, - swering questions such as:what are the implications of virtualizationfor distr- uted systems management, which advances in information models and protocols aidinmanagingvirtualization,whatnewproblemswillweincur whenmanaging virtualized systems and services, and how might management itself bene?t from virtualization? Topics related to managing distributed systems, virtualization of distributed resources/servicesand workin management standardizationare also highlighted. There were 15 regular paper submissions. These went through an active - view process, with each submission reviewed by at least three members of the Program Committee. We also sought external reviews from experts in certain areas. All these inputs were used by the ProgramCommittee in selecting a ?nal program with 13 regular papers.

As the standard for KDE desktop environment, Trolltech's Qt is a necessary basis for all programmers who want to develop cross-platform applications on Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and FreeBSD. A multitude of popular applications have been written in Qt, including Adobe Photoshop Elements, Google Earth, Perforce Visual Client, and Skype.

"Foundations of Qt Development" is based on Qt 4.2, and is aimed at C++ programmers who want to become proficient using this excellent toolkit to create graphical applications that can be ported to all major platforms. The book is focused on teaching you to write your own code in addition to using existing code. Common areas of confusion are identified, addressed, and answered.

This is the first of a two-volume set that constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Symposium on Human Interface 2007, held in Beijing, China in July 2007. It covers design and evaluation methods and techniques, visualizing information, retrieval, searching, browsing and navigation, development methods and techniques, as well as advanced interaction technologies and techniques.

This is the first of a two-volume set that constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Usability and Internationalization, UIHCII 2007, held in Beijing, China in July 2007. The papers of this first volume cover HCI and culture and are organized in topical sections on cross-cultural design, internationalization and intercultural usability, as well as user studies.

As software systems become ubiquitous, the issues of dependability become more and more crucial. Given that solutions to these issues must be considered from the very beginning of the design process, it is reasonable that dependability is addressed at the architectural level. This book was born of an effort to bring together the research communities of software architectures and dependability.

This state-of-the-art survey contains expanded and peer-reviewed papers based on the carefully selected contributions to two workshops: the Workshop on Architecting Dependable Systems (WADS 2007), organized at the 2007 International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN 2007), held in Edinburgh, UK in June 2007 and the Third Workshop on the Role of Software Architecture for Testing and Analysis (ROSATEA 2007) organized as part of a federated conference on Component-Based Software Engineering and Software Architecture (CompArch 2007), held in Medford, MA, USA in July 2007. It also contains a number of invited papers written by recognized experts in the area. The 14 papers are organized in topical sections on critical infrastructures, rigorous design/fault tolerance, and verification and validation.