This manual provides the user with both general and technical information to aid in design, procurement, installation, and maintenance of PVC pipe and fittings. This manual presents a discussion of recommended practices. It is not intended to be a technical commentary on AWWA standards that apply to PVC pipe, fittings, and related appurtenances. Topics covered include: general properties of polyvinyl chloride pipe; testing and inspection; hydraulics; design factors related to external forces, internal pressure, and thrust; receiving, storage, and handling; installation; testing and maintenance; service connections; and installation.

Retrofitting expresses, in a traditional approach, the process of improving something after it has been manufactured, constructed, or assembled. These systems integrate new technologies, new functions, and new services that increase the energy performance in existing private, public, and commercial buildings. Retrofitting for Optimal Energy Performance is a comprehensive reference source that examines environmentally conscious technologies and their applications in advancing retrofitting practices. Providing relevant theoretical frameworks and the latest empirical research findings in the area, it highlights an array of topics such as climate change, energy management, and optimization modeling, and is essential for academicians, students, researchers, engineers, architects, entrepreneurs, managers, policymakers, and building owners.