"China Trade and Price Statistics 1988" is compiled to give a comprehensive and systematic reflection of China's development and achievements in the field of domestic trade, prices, foreign economic relations, trade and tourism since the founding of the People's Republic of China. With its rich information, this book will prove to be of practical and reference value to China and foreign economists; faculty and students of economics departments in higher learning and research institutions; and to foreign business people; as well as Chinese in Hong Kong and Macao who have started (or wish to start) investment in, and/or participate in economic and technical cooperation with China.

This is the third volume of a series of statistical annuals being published by Praeger. The first two in the series are "China Statistical Abstract 1988," and "China Social Statistics 1986." Future volumes will include "China Urban Yearbook 1988," "China Industrial Yearbook 1988," and "China Price Yearbook 1988."

Hardbound. Problems of world trade are one of the many international economic challenges that still remain despite the development of the new world order over the past twenty years. Clearly, a workable economic order has not yet been achieved, and this book aims to explore the significance of various issues in international trade that may be instrumental in bringing it about.International trade topics - both theoretical and applied - are discussed from a number of perspectives: the Anglo-Saxon, the Pacific-Asian, the European, and from a number of developing economies. The contrasting points of view in these 25 papers will help improve the reader's understanding of the various sources of conflict and cooperation in relation to many of the specific issues, such as exports, trade in services, trade agreements, and foreign direct investment, that affect the world economy and its progress towards a new world order.

Economic theory and empirical research confirm that the rising international integration caused an increase in aggregate income at least for the industrialized countries, although trade liberalization is no Pareto improvement. In the empirical literature, there is a consensus that the international integration implies a destruction of low-skilled job vacancies and an increase in income, while the conclusions are mixed concerning the implication for the overall unemployment rate. This book seeks to find theoretical explanations to these empirical regularities. The book poses three questions: What are the implications of trade liberalization for the labor market in the presence of trade unions if we account for both firm and worker heterogeneity? What are the implications of a redistribution policy if the government chooses unemployment benefits to partially compensate the losers of trade liberalization?, and what is the optimal redistribution scheme for trade gains if the government explicitly takes into account the consequences for the income distribution? This book presents a rigorous theoretical analysis to answer the questions posed. Beside the well-known firm-selection effect on goods markets caused by trade liberalization, a selection process on the labor market -the worker-selection effect - is presented. The book also argues that if welfare is measured in the traditional manner, i.e. income per capita, compensating the loser of trade liberalization by paying unemployment benefits decreases welfare, but the intensity of the reduction differs with respect to the chosen funding of the unemployment benefits. Another significant contribution of this book is that if the objective function of the government, i.e. the modified welfare function, includes both aggregate income and income inequality, the redistribution of trade gains can lead to an increase in welfare.

Dedicated to the measurement and definition of market power across a broad array of industries, this text should provide economists and lawyers with an insight into how anti-trust economists actually go about measuring market power in a given industry. The "Contributions to Economic Analysis" series consists of a number of previously unpublished studies. The term economic analysis is used because it covers the activities of the theoretical economist and the research worker.

The aim of the proposed volume will be to present new developments in the methodology and practice of CGE techniques as they apply to recent issues in international trade policy. The volume will be of interest to academic researchers working in trade policy analysis and applied general equilibrium, advanced graduate students in international economics, applied researchers in multilateral organizations, and policymakers who need to work with and interpret the results of CGE analysis.

China and India already rank among the world's largest economies, and each is moving rapidly towards the centre stage of the global economy. In this process different priorities have been placed on economic reforms in the past two decades--China taking a more outward strategy and India, until recently, a more inward one. Can they continue to rank among the fastest expanding economies? This volumes addresses the issue, highlighting what has worked and what more needs to be done to ensure sustained rapid economic growth and poverty reduction. Addressing the two countries' recent experiences with growth and reform, this book provides important insight for other developing economies.

This book focuses on East Asia, which has been attracting FDI and a centre of industrial agglomeration, and because of this, the production structure in the world has been dynamically transforming. This book analyzes this world trend and provides a framework for strategy that is required not only for Japanese local governments to implement industrial cluster policy, but also for firms to survive the global competition.

Alan R. Posner discusses the ways state government agencies can and do promote and facilitate the overseas exports of producers in their respective states. He presents detailed case studies of successful state programs and outlines how business can utilize these programs and what opportunities export trading companies can provide. The contributions made by state labor relations specialists and universities to export promotion are described. The author provides a comprehensive directory and listing of the export promotion services each state offers. Posner focuses attention on specific problems and opportunities in agricultural exports. The long-term consequences of continued U.S. emphasis on the export of services and capital investment versus agricultural products and manufactures are evaluated in depth.

Fundamental changes in recent decades have heightened the need for new and viable solutions to the problems of world trade. In the new climate of internationalisation an expanding number of firms are engaged in international trade, barriers have been coming down, and trading blocs, whose members may share the advantage of lower tariffs and the absence of quotas, are beginning to predominate. Such systems, however, have a generally negative impact on global trade and can be catastrophic for developing and non-industrialised economies.

The degree of recent change has created an uncertainty that now demands new global trade systems - a new set of rules for the new environment. This book tackles some of the unresolved issues in international trade that will continue to press into the next century: the continuing controversy over NAFTA; globalised trade policy agreements vs local trade agreements; global leadership; the development and impact of the WTO; the Single European Market; trade controls; transition economies; trade policy reform; global airline competition; competition in financial services; trade wars; trade policies; commercial policy, and international technology cooperation.

First published in 1975, this book traces the origins of our modern economy, showing the routes by which nations have either achieved wealth or have been impoverished. W. W. Rostow brings together issues of public policy, international trade and the world of science and technology, arguing that conventional economic thought has failed to relate scientific innovation to the economic process. Chapters consider the politics of modernization, the Commercial Revolution and the development of the world economy between 1783 and 1820.

This two volume book presents an in-depth analysis of many of the most important issues facing today's shipping and port sectors. Volume 2 of Dynamic Shipping and Port Development in the Globalized Economy focuses on the emerging trends in ports.

With dynamic growth in China and India, recovery in Europe and Japan, and notable gains in U.S. productivity, the question arises: Can Latin America compete? Many argue that macroeconomic and trade reforms achieved in the 1990s merely put a handsome coat of paint over education, labor, judicial, and administrative reforms that remain incomplete. This book identifies and analyzes ten factors that most influence the competitiveness of Latin American nations and will shape their economic futures. In their frank and direct assessment--pulling no punches--the authors also present viable courses of action that Latin America can take to increase its ability to compete in the global economy.

Reforms and Economic Transformation in India is the second volume in the series Studies in Indian Economic Policies. The first volume, India's Reforms: How They Produced Inclusive Growth (OUP, 2012), systematically demonstrated that reforms-led growth in India led to reduced poverty among all social groups. They also led to shifts in attitudes whereby citizens overwhelmingly acknowledge the benefits that accelerated growth has brought them and as voters, they now reward the governments that deliver superior economic outcomes and punish those that fail to do so.
This latest volume takes as its starting point the fact that while reforms have undoubtedly delivered in terms of poverty reduction and associated social objectives, the impact has not been as substantial as seen in other reform-oriented economies such as South Korea and Taiwan in the 1960s and 1970s, and more recently, in China. The overarching hypothesis of the volume is that the smaller reduction in poverty has been the result of slower transformation of the economy from a primarily agrarian to a modern, industrial one. Even as the GDP share of agriculture has seen rapid decline, its employment share has declined very gradually. More than half of the workforce in India still remains in agriculture. In addition, non-farm workers are overwhelmingly in the informal sector. Against this background, the nine original essays by eminent economists pursue three broad themes using firm level data in both industry and services.
The papers in part I ask why the transformation in India has been slow in terms of the movement of workers out of agriculture, into industry and services, and from informal to formal employment. They address what India needs to do to speed up this transformation. They specifically show that severe labor-market distortions and policy bias against large firms has been a key factor behind the slow transformation. The papers in part II analyze the transformation that reforms have brought about within and across enterprises. For example, they investigate the impact of privatization on enterprise profitability. Part III addresses the manner in which the reforms have helped promote social transformation. Here the papers analyze the impact the reforms have had on the fortunes of the socially disadvantaged groups in terms of wage and education outcomes and as entrepreneurs.

This book provides an in-depth analysis of neo-liberal and progressive economic reforms and policies implemented in Chile since the Pinochet dictatorship. The core thesis of the book is that there is not just 'one Chilean economic model', but that several have been in force since the coup of 1973.

The great inter-war depression has long been seen as an unprecedented economic disaster for the peoples of the non-European world. This book, with its detailed assessment of the impact of the depression on the economies of Africa and Asia, challenges the orthodox view, and is essential reading for those with a teaching or research interest in the modern economic history of those continents. Established specialists in the modern economic history of parts of Africa or Asia put forward a number of revisionist arguments. They show that some economies were left essentially unscathed by the depression, and that for many export-dependent peasant communities which did face a severe drop in cash income as world commodity prices collapsed from the late 1920s, there was a range of important responses and reactions by which they could defend their economic welfare. For many peasant communities the depression was not a disaster but an opportunity.

Shortlisted for the Financial Times & McKinsey Business Book of the Year Award An Economist Book of the Year The modern world is built on commodities - from the oil that fuels our cars to the metals that power our smartphones. We rarely stop to consider where they have come from. But we should. The World for Sale lifts the lid on one of the least scrutinized corners of the world economy: the billionaire commodity traders who buy, hoard, and sell the earth's resources. It is the story of how a handful of swashbuckling businessmen became indispensable cogs in global markets, enabling an enormous expansion in international trade and connecting resource-rich countries - no matter how corrupt or war-torn - with the world's financial centers. The result is an eye-opening tour through the wildest frontiers of the global economy, as well as a revelatory guide to how capitalism really works.

The last two decades have seen significant changes in the pattern of protectionism, both in terms of the instruments used, and the countries affected. The papers in this volume address all aspects of global protectionism. As well as evaluating aspects of regional protectionism, the papers also address new issues such as trade in services and trade related investment measures. The contributors are drawn from Western Europe, North America, Japan and Latin America, reflecting the breadth of coverage of the volume.

The physical distribution of products is an important element in the marketing operations of all productive enterprises, and in many cases efficient distribution is the most important single factor leading to success. With the emergence of post-industrial society the role of distribution has come to increasingly be viewed as a generator of wealth in the economy, attracting the interest of public policy makers anxious to influence investment, employment and efficiency in the sector.

First published in 1982, this book isolates the major trends affecting the main institutions in distribution and contrasts the processes of change amongst the countries and regions of the European Economic Community. Structural change in the industry is related to spatial change in the regions and comparisons made of the varied public policy responses in member countries. An interesting and relevant reissue, this title will be of particular value to economics and business students with an interest in the development of the European consumer and post-industrial Europe.

Is a State free to adopt measures to protect the public health of its citizens? If so, what are the limits, if any, to such regulatory powers? This book addresses these questions by focusing on the clash between the regulatory autonomy of the state and international investment governance. As a wide variety of state regulations allegedly aimed at protecting public health may interfere with foreign investments, a tension exists between the public health policies of the host state and investment treaty provisions. Under most investment treaties, States have waived their sovereign immunity, and have agreed to give arbitrators a comprehensive jurisdiction over what are essentially regulatory disputes. Some scholars and practitioners have expressed concern regarding the magnitude of decision-making power allocated to investment treaty tribunals. This book contributes to the current understanding of international investment law and arbitration, addressing the fundamental question of whether public health has and/or should have any relevance in contemporary international investment law and policy. With a focus on the 'clash of cultures' between international investment law and public health, the author critically analyses the emerging case law of investment treaty arbitration and considers the theoretical interplay between public health and investor rights in international investment law. The book also explores the interplay between investment law and public health in practice, focusing on specific sectors such as pharmaceutical patents, tobacco regulation and environmental health. It then goes on to analyze the available means for promoting consideration of public health in international investment law and suggests new methods and approaches to better reconcile public health and investor rights.

This book brings together papers written by representatives from UN agencies and academics who take a fresh look at the expanding role of transnational corporations and foreign direct investment in the world economy. These papers deal with such issues as the nature and extent of globalisation, the shifting relations between transnational corporations and national economies, and the opportunities and obstacles facing policy makers in the rapidly changing global economy.

"Provides a comprehensive analysis of why reforms in Latin America have failed in achieving growth and equity. The book focuses on three strategic areas of reforms of the Washington Consensus: Macroeconomics, Trade and Finance. Identifies main analytical inconsistencies in the market fundamentalism that has dominated present reforms. In a firmly based policy-oriented approach, Ffrench-Davis offers alternative policies to reform the reforms in the three areas of macroeconomics, trade and finance, seeking for sustained equitable growth."--BOOK JACKET.

This book examines the transformation of the economies of China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region through the process of globalization. A subject gathering tremendous interest globally, due in part to China's transformation being a spectacular successful story and because Hong Kong, as the world's freest economy, has been seen to be bearing the brunt of the opening up of China to the extent that Fortune magazine carried a story announcing its 'death'. This volume provides comprehensive coverage of various issues, including industrial restructuring, financial markets, technology, agriculture, exchange rate issues, trade and FDI issues, environmental issues, distributional issues and corporate governance issues. The message is clear: China's influence on the world economy is carrying increasing weight and yet this is providing the country with tremendous opportunity to play a role that will contribute toward a sustainable, prosperous world economy.

Kunst und Antiquitaten GmbH, a company in the shade of the GDR export trade generated foreign exchange with the export of works of art. The book works off the occurrences ten years after the reunification from a jurisprudential point of view. How was art export organised and where did the works of art come from? The book is about the prosecution of private art dealers and collectors in the GDR in the seventies and eighties on the one hand and the export of cultural possessions especially from GDR museums on the other hand."

Gianturco examines the roles played by export credit agencies (ECAs) which are specialized financial institutions that cover some $1 trillion of exports each year. In terms of their financial impact on international trade, these agencies are unsurpassed, but rarely do they receive attention in the financial press or broader recognition.

In this book Gianturco uncovers the ECAs--revealing and explaining their history, role, functions, and controversies regarding their missions. There are currently some 90 countries with official ECAs; two-thirds of these countries can be classified as developing or transitional nations; the remainder include the major developed countries. ECAs provide loans, guarantees, insurance, and other financial services to their particular nation's exporters and foreign direct investors. Their contribution to national growth and development both in the United States and abroad is significant, and the special nature of their operations makes them essential to the welfare of countless businesses worldwide. Essential reading for business professionals, scholars, researchers, and students involved with international business and economic development.