Clear and easy to understand, Joel Samaha's best-selling text helps you apply criminal law's enduring foundations and principles to fascinating, current court cases and specific crimes. With a blend of case excerpts and author commentary, the author guides you as you sharpen your critical thinking and legal analysis skills. As you progress through the book, you'll learn about the general principles of criminal liability and its defenses, as well as the elements of crimes against persons, property, society, and the state. You'll also see these principles at work in the cases and crimes that illustrate them. Featuring the latest topics and court cases, real-world illustrations, and study tools to maximize your course success (including MindTap), CRIMINAL LAW, 12th Edition will serve as a valuable reference long after you graduate. In fact, former users report that this is the only book they keep, and those who go on to law school say that it helps them in their criminal law course.

Good research is vital for forming effective policies; this can come from a variety of organizations. What types of research and knowledge are most effective in policymaking processes, and how do relationships become established between researchers and policymakers?This study from Practical Action, UK and the Overseas Development Institute, UK, explores the links between knowledge, research, and civil society campaigns. The researchers focus on a twenty-year period of development and negotiations on the Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture policy. The research examines the effectiveness of two research categories: polemical materials produced by non-governmental organizations and scientific and technical research produced by specialist academics and institutes. The study identifies five "transition episodes" between 1981 and 2001. These episodes created the momentum for the policy process, concluding in an international agreement agreed in 2001, the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture--is also known as the International Seed Treaty.

Der Band dokumentiert eine gemeinsame Veranstaltung des Mainzer Medieninstituts und der Kölner Forschungsstelle für Medienrecht in Kooperation mit dem 18. Medienforum NRW im Juni 2006. Gegenstand der Diskussion waren die Anfang des Jahres 2006 getroffenen Entscheidungen des Bundeskartellamtes und der Kommission zur Ermittlung der Konzentration im Medienbereich (KEK) zu der zu dieser Zeit geplanten Übernahme der ProSiebenSAT.1 Media AG durch die Axel Springer AG. In beiden Entscheidungen werden über den konkreten Fall hinaus Grenzen für Markt- und Meinungsmacht aufgezeigt, die auf ein unterschiedliches Echo gestoßen sind. Anliegen der Veranstaltung war es, den Beteiligten an der kontrovers diskutierten und schließlich gescheiterten Fusion ein Forum zu verschaffen.

Every Supreme Court transition presents an opportunity for a shift in the balance of the third branch of American government, but the replacement of Thurgood Marshall with Clarence Thomas in 1991 proved particularly momentous. Not only did it shift the ideological balance on the Court; it was inextricably entangled with the persistent American dilemma of race. In The Transition, this most significant transition is explored through the lives and writings of the first two African American justices on Court, touching on the lasting consequences for understandings of American citizenship as well as the central currents of Black political thought over the past century. In their lives, Thurgood Marshall and Clarence Thomas experienced the challenge of living and learning in a world that had enslaved their relatives and that continued to subjugate members of their racial group. On the Court, their judicial writings—often in concurrences or dissents—richly illustrate the ways in which these two individuals embodied these crucial American (and African American) debates—on the balance between state and federal authority, on the government's responsibility to protect its citizens against discrimination, and on the best strategies for pursuing justice. The gap between Justices Marshall and Thomas on these questions cannot be overstated, and it reveals an extraordinary range of thought that has yet to be fully appreciated. The 1991 transition from Justice Marshall to Justice Thomas has had consequences that are still unfolding at the Court and in society. Arguing that the importance of this transition has been obscured by the relegation of these Justices to the sidelines of Supreme Court history, Daniel Kiel shows that it is their unique perspective as Black justices – the lives they have lived as African Americans and the rooting of their judicial philosophies in the relationship of government to African Americans – that makes this succession echo across generations.

With the death of associate justice Antonin Scalia, the Supreme Court was plunged into crisis. Refusing to hold hearings or confirm the nominee of a Democratic president almost a year away from a presidential election, the Republican-controlled Senate held the court hostage, forcing it to do its work through nearly the entire term ending in June 2017 with just eight justices. In American Justice 2017: The Supreme Court in Crisis, Kimberly Robinson examines the way individual justices and the institution as a whole reacted to this unprecedented, politically fraught situation. In public, the justices put on brave faces, waiting for the confirmation battle to play itself out, while indicating in occasional statements that the court would muddle through just fine. In private, though, things appear to have been more complicated. Narrow decisions, lackluster choice of cases, and odd bedfellows teaming up on the same sides of opinions and dissents give us a hint of the strenuous effort the eight justices made to uphold the integrity of the institution in the face of hurricane-force partisan gales.

Presumption is a remarkably versatile and pervasively useful resource. Firmly grounded in the law of evidence from its origins in classical antiquity, it made its way in the days of medieval scholasticism into the theory and practice of disputation and debate. Subsequently, it extended its reach to play an increasingly significant role in the philosophical theory of knowledge. It has thus come to represent a region where lawyers, debaters, and philosophers can all find some common ground. In Presumption and the Practices of Tentative Cognition, Nicholas Rescher endeavors to show that the process of presumption plays a role of virtually indispensable utility in matters of rational inquiry and communication. The origins of presumption may lie in law, but its future is assured by its service to the theory of information management and the philosophy of science.

Stamp Duty Land Tax ('SDLT') raises some 6 billion per annum - more revenue than inheritance tax and capital gains tax put together. Providing a much-needed, incisive and comprehensive commentary on every aspect of SDLT, this book will appeal to property lawyers, tax specialists, and anyone involved in land transactions. It gives a detailed discussion of the legislation and puts forward suggested interpretations and planning opportunities. The second edition is fully updated and deals with the many changes that have been made since the introduction of SDLT. New chapters provide in-depth coverage of the treatment both of leases and partnerships. Areas of difficulty which arise in practice are dealt with throughout. In addition, the chapter on planning has been revised to take account of new legislation and case law, including the impact of the SDLT disclosure rules.

Winner, Next Generation Indie Book Awards - Women's Nonfiction Best Book of 2020, National Law Journal The inspiring and previously untold history of the women considered—but not selected—for the US Supreme Court In 1981, Sandra Day O’Connor became the first female justice on the United States Supreme Court after centuries of male appointments, a watershed moment in the long struggle for gender equality. Yet few know about the remarkable women considered in the decades before her triumph. Shortlisted tells the overlooked stories of nine extraordinary women—a cohort large enough to seat the entire Supreme Court—who appeared on presidential lists dating back to the 1930s. Florence Allen, the first female judge on the highest court in Ohio, was named repeatedly in those early years. Eight more followed, including Amalya Kearse, a federal appellate judge who was the first African American woman viewed as a potential Supreme Court nominee. Award-winning scholars Renee Knake Jefferson and Hannah Brenner Johnson cleverly weave together long-forgotten materials from presidential libraries and private archives to reveal the professional and personal lives of these accomplished women. In addition to filling a notable historical gap, the book exposes the tragedy of the shortlist. Listing and bypassing qualified female candidates creates a false appearance of diversity that preserves the status quo, a fate all too familiar for women, especially minorities. Shortlisted offers a roadmap to combat enduring bias and discrimination. It is a must-read for those seeking positions of power as well as for the powerful who select them in the legal profession and beyond.

This book provides invaluable insights to one of the most difficult areas of European integration. Public procurement represents an instrument of policy choice for governments and its regulation interacts with a variety of policies, including the promotion of competition, employment, social policy, and environmental protection. The author vividly elaborates on the in-built flexibility of the newly enacted rules and provides a codified analysis of their interpretation by the EU judiciary. Finally, considerable debate is dedicated to future dimensions of public procurement regulation in the form of public private partnerships and concessions.

Der sechste Band dokumentiert die Verfolgung von MfS-Straftaten. Gegenstand der Verfahren waren zum einen standardisierte Massnahmen des Ministeriums fur Staatssicherheit der DDR, wie das Abhoeren von Telefongesprachen, die Postkontrolle und die konspirative Wohnungsdurchsuchung. Dazu gehoert auch der Bruch der beruflichen Schweigepflicht durch AErzte und Rechtsanwalte, die dem MfS als inoffizielle Mitarbeiter zuarbeiteten. Zum anderen befasste sich die Strafjustiz mit Aktivitaten des MfS, die nach Art und Ausfuhrung eher den Charakter von Einzelfallmassnahmen hatten: Mordanschlage, Verschleppungen, Denunziationen von Fluchtvorhaben und regimekritischen Handlungen, unerlaubte Festnahmen, Repressalien gegen Ausreiseantragsteller, die Einwirkung auf psychiatrische Behandlungen sowie die Aufnahme von Angehoerigen der "Rote Armee Fraktion" in der DDR. Angeklagt waren neben hauptamtlichen und inoffiziellen Mitarbeitern des MfS auch Privatpersonen, die in MfS-Aktionen verstrickt waren. Die Dokumentation zeigt die umfassende Durchdringung aller Lebensbereiche der DDR-Gesellschaft durch das MfS. Zugleich werden die besonderen rechtlichen und tatsachlichen Schwierigkeiten deutlich, vor die sich die Strafjustiz bei der Aufarbeitung dieser Deliktsgruppe gestellt sah.

In the wake of the EU's biggest enlargement, this book explores the adaptation of the constitutions of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) for membership in the European Union. In response to the painful past, these new constitutions were notably closed to transfer of powers to international organizations, and accorded a prominent status to sovereignty and independence. A little more than a decade later, the process of amending these provisions in view of the transfer of sovereign powers to a supranational organization has proved a sensitive and controversial exercise. This book analyses the amendments against the background of comparative experience and theory of sovereignty, as well as the context of political sensitivities, such as rising euroscepticism ahead of accession referendums.

Auf dem Gebiet des Vertragsrechts wird seit langem lebhaft darüber diskutiert, inwieweit die zunehmende Beschränkung der Vertragsfreiheit gerechtfertigt ist. Für das Deliktsrecht hat sich eine diesbezügliche Diskussion erst ansatzweise entwickelt, obwohl sich auch dieser Bereich durch eine zunehmende Beschränkung der Handlungsfreiheit des potentiellen Schädigers auszeichnet. Die bedeutendste Rolle in dem Prozess der zunehmenden Haftungsverschärfung kommt dabei den Verkehrspflichten zu, deren Verhaltensgebote und -verbote heute nahezu alle Lebensbereiche erfassen. Dieser Arbeit liegt deshalb die Frage zugrunde, ob und inwiefern die Handlungsfreiheit des potentiellen Schädigers im ausufernden System der deliktischen Verkehrspflichten ausreichende Berücksichtigung findet.

Freedom of information (FOI) is now an international phenomenon with over 100 countries from Albania to Zimbabwe enacting the right to know for their citizens. Since 2005, the UK’s Freedom of Information Act has opened up thousands of public bodies to unparalleled scrutiny and prompted further moves to transparency. Wherever the right to know is introduced, its success depends on the way it is implemented. In organisations worldwide, FOI only works because of those who oversee its operation on a day-to-day basis, promoting openness, processing requests and advising colleagues and the public. FOI is dependent on the FOI Officers. The Freedom of Information Officer’s Handbook is a comprehensive guide to FOI and its management. It is designed to be an indispensable tool for FOI Officers and their colleagues. It includes: a guide to the UK’s FOI Act, the right to know and the exemptions clear analysis of the most important case law and its implications for the handling of FOI requests pointers to the best resources to help FOI officers in their work explanations of how FOI interacts with other legislation, including detailed explorations of the Environmental Information Regulations 2004 and how the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation impacts on FOI a look at requirements to proactively publish information and the effect of copyright and re-use laws on FOI and open data comparisons of the UK’s Act with FOI legislation in other jurisdictions from Scotland to South Africa an exploration of the role of the FOI Officer: who they are, what they do, their career development and what makes them effective suggestions on how to embed FOI within an organisation using effective procedures, technology and training a stage-by-stage guide to processing requests for information. The Freedom of Information Officers’ Handbook includes the latest developments in FOI including amendments made to the UK’s FOI Act by the Data Protection Act 2018 and the revised s.45 code of practice published by the Cabinet Office in July 2018.

This 2005 book argues that Europeanization and globalization have led to ever-more intensive legalization at transnational level. What accounts for compliance beyond the nation-state? The authors tackle this question by comparing compliance with regulations that have been formulated in a very similar way at different levels of governance. They test compliance with rules at the national level, at the regional level (EU), and at a global level (WTO), finding that in fact the EU has higher levels of compliance than both international and national rules. The authors argue that this is because the EU has a higher level of legalization, combined with effective monitoring mechanisms and sanctions. In this respect it seems that the European Union has indeed achieved a high level of legalization and compliance, though the authors add that this achievement does not settle the related queries with the legitimacy of transnational governance and law.

[Writings pertaining to European and international private, banking and commercial law] Europeanization and internationalization challenge the realm of jurisprudence to an extraordinary degree. The division in special fields and the relationship with other social sciences necessitate critical reevaluation in view of many interactions. Cross-references between commercial law regulation and private, autonomous arrangement distinctly show this development. Jurisprudence emerging beyond Germany has to deal with such challenges. The law of financial services serves as an example of the cross-section material from private law and (public) commercial law. This takes into account the series at hand in terms of content and method. In addition to banking, capital market and financial law as the main emphasis, corporate law, competition & cartel law, intangible property rights, insolvency law and also labor law show similar overlaps. The intensive internationally-oriented treatment of the overlaps of classical private law - in particular contractual law - and commercial law promise a bountiful yield, especially on the European level under the summarizing aspect of corporate law. The outstanding monography also finds its place in the series, as well as the conference volume, works in German and also occasional works in English. There are economically-aligned works in addition to juridical works constituting the main emphasis. Works pertaining to Europeanization and internationalization are compiled in the series, which convey commercial law and commercially-conceived private law in an outstanding manner.

[Withdrawal from the Organized Capital Market (Delisting). A simultaneous investigation into investor protection under capital market law in relation to shareholder protection under corporate law based on the interpretation of Section 38 IV German Securities Act (Boersengesetz)] Voluntary withdrawal from the organized capital market (delisting) is the subject of intense discussion. The discussion is primarily rooted in the Macrotron decision of the German Federal Supreme Court, the importance of which extends far beyond that case. Based on his experience gained in his corporate law practice and his work for an exchange regulatory authority, the author develops approaches for interpreting and solving the dogmatic and practical problems raised by this decision, by already taking into account the German Corporate Integrity and Modernization of Investor Protection Act (Gesetz zur Unternehmensintegritat und Modernisierung des Anfechtungsrechts - UMAG) and the Capital Investor Representative Proceedings Act (Kapitalanleger-Musterverfahrensgesetz - KapMuG). The author thus places delisting in the context of the European competition between the exchanges or between exchange and non-exchange securities markets while giving consideration to current developments in European capital market law and the treatment of delisting in other countries. The core of the article is coping with the juxtaposition of corporate and capital market regulations as well as remedies from an overarching view of exchange, takeover, and corporate law. The author develops a concept for handling this problem, which, beyond delisting, can enrich the understanding of the relationship between corporate and capital market law. The results of this reflection, as well as considerations of constitutional doctrine, thus give cause to critically question the Federal Supreme Court's Macrotron decision.

A look inside the weaponization of social media, and an innovative proposal for protecting Western democracies from information warfare. When Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Instagram were first introduced to the public, their mission was simple: they were designed to help people become more connected to each other. Social media became a thriving digital space by giving its users the freedom to share whatever they wanted with their friends and followers. Unfortunately, these same digital tools are also easy to manipulate. As exemplified by Russia's interference in the 2016 U.S. presidential election, authoritarian states can exploit social media to interfere with democratic governance in open societies. Tyrants on Twitter is the first detailed analysis of how Chinese and Russian agents weaponize Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and YouTube to subvert the liberal international order. In addition to examining the 2016 U.S. election, David L. Sloss explores Russia's use of foreign influence operations to threaten democracies in Europe, as well as China's use of social media and other digital tools to meddle in Western democracies and buttress autocratic rulers around the world. Sloss calls for cooperation among democratic governments to create a new transnational system for regulating social media to protect Western democracies from information warfare. Drawing on his professional experience as an arms control negotiator, he outlines a novel system of transnational governance that Western democracies can enforce by harmonizing their domestic regulations. And drawing on his academic expertise in constitutional law, he explains why that system—if implemented by legislation in the United States—would be constitutionally defensible, despite likely First Amendment objections. With its critical examination of information warfare and its proposal for practical legislative solutions to fight back, this book is essential reading in a time when disinformation campaigns threaten to undermine democracy.

Die Arbeit behandelt Probleme im Zusammenhang mit Vorkaufsrechten beim Verkauf von Aktienpaketen. Ausgehend von §§ 463-473 BGB werden die zivil- und gesellschaftsrechtlichen Besonderheiten dargestellt. Hierbei wird die über die Verschaffungs- und Abwehrfunktion des Vorkaufsrechts hinausgehende Zwecksetzung der Vorkaufsabrede verdeutlicht. Anwendungsbereich und Umgehungsschutz werden unter Bildung von Fallgruppen erläutert. Diese Studie legt die objektive und subjektive Teilbarkeit bei Verkäufen von Aktienpaketen und einer Mehrheit von Berechtigten und/oder Verpflichteten umfassend dar. Die im Rahmen der Arbeit angesprochenen Konstellationen werden hierbei durch zahlreiche Beispiele aus der Praxis verdeutlicht. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung münden in eine Auseinandersetzung mit der Handhabung von Vorkaufsrechten in der praktischen Vertragsgestaltung.

Die Verschmelzung als wirtschaftlich und rechtlich engste Form der Unternehmensverbindung stellt in einer dynamischen Wirtschaft ein nie an Aktualität einbüßendes Thema dar. Umfassend und fachübergreifend werden neben betriebswirtschaftlichen auch handels- und gesellschaftsrechtliche Aspekte sowie steuerliche Fragestellungen betrachtet. Dabei bildet die Darstellung des Verschmelzungsvorgangs in Handelsbilanzen von Überträgerin und Übernehmerin den Schwerpunkt der Analyse. Das Bewertungswahlrecht zwischen Buchwertverknüpfung und Anschaffungskostenansatz der Übernehmerin in § 24 UmwG wird ausführlich für verschiedene Gegenleistungen untersucht. Durch zahlreiche Beispiele, Tabellen und Abbildungen ist das Buch für Wissenschaft und Praxis gleichermaßen geeignet.

How referendums can diffuse populist tensions by putting power back into the hands of the people Propelled by the belief that government has slipped out of the hands of ordinary citizens, a surging wave of populism is destabilizing democracies around the world. As John Matsusaka reveals in Let the People Rule, this belief is based in fact. Over the past century, while democratic governments have become more efficient, they have also become more disconnected from the people they purport to represent. The solution Matsusaka advances is familiar but surprisingly underused: direct democracy, in the form of referendums. While this might seem like a dangerous idea post-Brexit, there is a great deal of evidence that, with careful design and thoughtful implementation, referendums can help bridge the growing gulf between the government and the people. Drawing on examples from around the world, Matsusaka shows how direct democracy can bring policies back in line with the will of the people (and provide other benefits, like curbing corruption). Taking lessons from failed processes like Brexit, he also describes what issues are best suited to referendums and how they should be designed, and he tackles questions that have long vexed direct democracy: can voters be trusted to choose reasonable policies, and can minority rights survive majority decisions? The result is one of the most comprehensive examinations of direct democracy to date-coupled with concrete, nonpartisan proposals for how countries can make the most of the powerful tools that referendums offer. With a crisis of representation hobbling democracies across the globe, Let the People Rule offers important new ideas about the crucial role the referendum can play in the future of government.

Der fA1/4nfte Band dokumentiert in zwei TeilbAnden die Strafverfahren wegen Rechtsbeugung durch die DDR-Justiz. Die Anklagen gegen ehemalige Richter und StaatsanwAlte der DDR betrafen zumeist ihre Mitwirkung an der politischen Strafjustiz. Hier liegt auch der Schwerpunkt der Dokumentation. Besondere Bedeutung kommt den Strafverfahren im Zusammenhang mit den Waldheimer Prozessen und der "Aktion Rose" sowie dem "Havemann-Verfahren" zu. Daneben werden Rechtsbeugungsverfahren wegen arbeits- oder zivilrechtlicher Entscheidungen der DDR-Justiz wiedergegeben. Die abgedruckten Justizdokumente verschaffen einen Einblick in die rechtlichen Probleme der Strafverfolgung von Justizunrecht und geben zeithistorisch darA1/4ber Aufschluss, welche Rolle der gesteuerten Justiz bei der UnterdrA1/4ckung unangepassten und oppositionellen Verhaltens in den verschiedenen Entwicklungsphasen der DDR zukam.