The Likelihood plays a key role in both introducing general notions of statistical theory, and in developing specific methods. This book introduces likelihood-based statistical theory and related methods from a classical viewpoint, and demonstrates how the main body of currently used statistical techniques can be generated from a few key concepts, in particular the likelihood.

Focusing on those methods, which have both a solid theoretical background and practical relevance, the author gives formal justification of the methods used and provides numerical examples with real data.

Windows may rule the world of popular computing on PCs around the globe, but DOS still has a place in the hearts and minds of computer users who vaguely remember what a C prompt looks like. Even if DOS (with all its arcane commands and its drab, boring look) isn't your idea of the best way to get things done on a PC, you'll find plenty of fast and friendly help on hand with the third edition of DOS For Dummies.

Here's a plain-speaking reference guide to all the command-line stuff and nonsense that makes DOS work, whether you're a native DOS user or are an occasional dabbler who needs the operating system to run all those cool games under Windows. DOS For Dummies, 3rd Edition, avoids all the technical jargon to cut to the heart of things with clear, easy-to-understand explanations and step-by-step help for managing files, running DOS inside Windows, and installing and running DOS-based software programs. All the basic DOS commands, from APPEND to XCOPY, are demystified to make life in DOS much more bearable. And the book has plenty of helpful tips and tricks for bending DOS to your will, without having to dedicate your life (and all your free time) to mastering this little corner of the PC.

This collection contains twenty-one thought-provoking essays on the controversies surrounding the moral and legal distinctions between euthanasia and "letting die." Since public awareness of this issue has increased this second edition includes nine entirely new essays which bring the treatment of the subject up-to-date. The urgency of this issue can be gauged in recent developments such as the legalization of physician-assisted suicide in the Netherlands, "how-to" manuals topping the bestseller charts in the United States, and the many headlines devoted to Dr. Jack Kevorkian, who has assisted dozens of patients to die. The essays address the range of questions involved in this issue pertaining especially to the fields of medical ethics, public policymaking, and social philosophy. The discussions consider the decisions facing medical and public policymakers, how those decisions will affect the elderly and terminally ill, and the medical and legal ramifications for patients in a permanently vegetative state, as well as issues of parent/infant rights. The book is divided into two sections. The first, "Euthanasia and the Termination of Life-Prolonging Treatment" includes an examination of the 1976 Karen Quinlan Supreme Court decision and selections from the 1990 Supreme Court decision in the case of Nancy Cruzan. Featured are articles by law professor George Fletcher and philosophers Michael Tooley, James Rachels, and Bonnie Steinbock, with new articles by Rachels, and Thomas Sullivan. The second section, "Philosophical Considerations," probes more deeply into the theoretical issues raised by the killing/letting die controversy, illustrating exceptionally well the dispute between two rival theories of ethics, consequentialism and deontology. It also includes a corpus of the standard thought on the debate by Jonathan Bennet, Daniel Dinello, Jeffrie Murphy, John Harris, Philipa Foot, Richard Trammell, and N. Ann Davis, and adds articles new to this edition by Bennett, Foot, Warren Quinn, Jeff McMahan, and Judith Lichtenberg.

Audit is now an essential aspect of health care provision. Increasingly, computers are becoming an integral part of the clinical audit function and this book provides an introduction to the principles of this application. It assumes to prior knowledge of either computing or audit, and avoids technical jargon. The book's focus on principles should give it international relevance.;Part one explains basic computing principles, hardware, operating systems and software packages including databases, spreadsheets, word processing, focusing on the types of data they should be used with. Part two deals with the application of computers to audit, leading to an overview of how to design and manage a computerized audi project. Small, intermediate and large systems are considered.;This book has been written for medical, nursing, para-medical and health service managerial staff who are involved in some form of audit.

Offers complete, accessible information on every topic of concern to law students ranging from the LSAT, the Bar Exam, Law Review, computerized research and videotape study aids to obtaining that important clerkship or job. Includes recent data on demographics of law school applicants, current salaries for a variety of legal careers, nontraditional courses, legal clinics, detailed discussions regarding the latest law trends such as deregulation and insider trading. Will appeal to law students at all stages of their education.

This engaging history overturns the conventional wisdom about the Second Amendment—showing that the right to bear arms was not about protecting liberty but about preserving slavery. In Madison's Militia, Carl Bogus illuminates why James Madison and the First Congress included the right to bear arms in the Bill of Rights. Linking together dramatic accounts of slave uprisings and electric debates over whether the Constitution should be ratified, Bogus shows that—contrary to conventional wisdom—the fitting symbol of the Second Amendment is not the musket in the hands of the minuteman on Lexington Green but the musket wielded by a slave patrol member in the South. Bogus begins with a dramatic rendering of the showdown in Virginia between James Madison and his federalist allies, who were arguing for ratification of the new Constitution, and Patrick Henry and the antifederalists, who were arguing against it. Henry accused Madison of supporting a constitution that empowered Congress to disarm the militia, on which the South relied for slave control. The narrative then proceeds to the First Congress, where Madison had to make good a congressional campaign promise to write a Bill of Rights—and seizing that opportunity to solve the problem Henry had raised. Three other collections of stories—on slave insurrections, Revolutionary War battles, and the English Declaration of Rights—are skillfully woven into the narrative and show how arming ragtag militias was never the primary goal of the amendment. And as the puzzle pieces come together, even initially skeptical readers will be surprised by the completed picture: one that forcefully demonstrates that the Second Amendment was intended in the first instance to protect slaveholders from the people they owned.

This study provides a detailed description of the juridicial system of money transfer using the banking system within the Peoplea (TM)s Republic of China. A definitive analysis of the legal frame work of Chinese money transfer is given as well as a concise and succint overview of the development of banking in China and of payment transactions.

The complete guide to EU competition law, combining key primary sources with expert author commentary. The most comprehensive resource for students on EU competition law; extracts from key cases, academic works, and legislation are paired with incisive critique and commentary from an expert author team Selling Points— · Full, definitive coverage of every aspect of EU competition law - the complete guide to the subject · Students are guided through the most important extracts from key cases, articles, and statutory material, all carefully selected and explained by this experienced author team · 'Central Issues' at the start of each chapter clearly identify key themes and principles discussed, to help readers navigate the material effectively · Extensive footnoting and further reading suggestions provide a thorough guide to the literature, giving students a starting point for their own research and reading New to this edition— · Full analysis of important developments in competition law and policy since 2019, including relevant case-law, new EU legislation and notices and competition law goals; · A comprehensive discussion of the evolving law and policy governing market definition and vertical, horizontal cooperation and sustainability agreements; · A new chapter on competition law in the digital economy, incorporating a discussion of the Digital Markets Act.

This book is for the student in the introductory course on deviant be havior and in related courses. A wide range of ideas and facts is set forth in a way that should be comprehensible to the student without prior knowledge of this area of study. In Chapter 1, "The Nature of Deviance," various ways of defining deviance are explored and one is settled upon: Deviance is behavior that is unusual, not typical, in a society or group. Chapter 2 is devoted to a preliminary consideration of several main currents of social thought that seek to explain why deviance comes about and is perpetrated. These explanations fall into four broad theo retical categories. First, there are those theories that view the major sources of deviance as having to do with the extent to which individ uals are bound into or dissociated from the group; these are termed social integration theories. Second, there are the cultural support the ories, which specify that there are subcultures of deviance, that is, bod ies of customs and values that advocate a given form of deviance and are socially transmitted from one person to another through the learn ing process. Third, there are social disorganization and conflict theo ries, which focus on the ways in which a lack of group organization and the presence of broad social and cultural conflicts bring about de viance."

Henry Manne was one of the early proponents of the study of law and economics. He founded the Center for Law and Economics, now at George Mason University, and has directed scores of law and economics seminars attended by economists, judges, lawyers, educators and policy-makers. Mannes book "Wall Street in Transition" redefined the commonly held theory of the corporate firm and brought unprecedented criticism from the Securities and Exchange Commission, which later came to embrace some of his views. His book, "Insider Trading and the Stock Market" jolted the conventional wisdom of its day. His articles in "Barron's" and the "Wall Street Journal" sparked debate of government policy, and his remaining canon traces a true portrait in the quest for classical liberty. The approximate running time: 87 minutes.

Changing Borders in Europe focuses on the territorial dimension of the European Union. It examines the transformation of state sovereignty within the EU, the emergence of varied self-determination claims, and the existence of a tailor-made architecture of functional borders, established by multiple agreements. This book helps to understand how self-determination pressures within the EU are creating growing concerns about member states' identity, redefining multi-level government in the European space. It addresses several questions regarding two transformative processes - blurring of EU borders and state sovereignty shifts - and their interrelations from different disciplinary perspectives such as political science, law, political economy and sociology. In addition, it explores how the variable geographies of European borders may affect the issue of national self-determination in Europe, opening spaces for potential accommodations that could be compatible with existing states and legal frameworks. This book will be of key interest for scholars, students and practitioners of EU politics, public administration, political theory, federalism and more broadly of European studies, international law, ethnic studies, political economy and the wider social sciences.

Wounded soldiers, injured workers, handicapped adults, and physically impaired children have all been affected by legislation that reduces their opportunities to live a functional life. In Disability as a Social Construct, Claire Liachowitz contends that disability is not merely a result of a handicap but can be imposed by society through devaluation and segregation of people who deviate from physical norms. She analyzes pertinent American legislation, primarily from 1770 to 1920, to provide a new perspective on the mechanisms that translate physical defects into social and civil inferiority.

Der Band 2 der Schriftenreihe "Frankfurter betriebswirtschaftliches Forum" enthalt weitere Vortrage zum neuen Bilanzrecht, die an der Universitat Frankfurt a. M. gehal- ten wurden. Gegenstand der Vortrage ist das Verhaltnis von Handels-und Steuerbi- lanz; insofern wird die Thematik des Band 1 "Einzelabschlul3 und Konzernabschlul3" fortgefiihrt und abgerundet. Das Interesse an den Veranstaltungen war wiederum sehr breit, was Wunder, sprachen doch Heinrich Beisse, Herbert Biener, Hermann Clemm, Manfred Grah, Rudolf J. Niehus, Hans Reintges, Arndt Raupach, Viktor Sarrazin, Manfred Sarx, Adalbert Uelner, Lothar Woerner. Finanzielle Zuwendungen der Wilhelm-Merton-Stiftung haben die Fortfiihrung der Veranstaltungsreihe ermoglicht. Hierfiir danken wir ebenso wie fi.ir die prafessionelle Arbeit des Betriebswirtschaftlichen Verlages Dr. Th. Gabler GmbH. WINFRIED MELLWIG ADOLF MOXTER DIETER ORDELHEIDE 5 Inhaltsverzeichnis Die Generalnorm des neuen Bilanzrechts und ihre steuerrechtliche Bedeutung Von Prof. Dr. h. c. Heinrich Beisse Vorsitzender Richter am Bundesfinanzhof I. Einleitung ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 . . . . . . . II. GoB-Generalnorm und "true and fair view" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 . . . . . . 1. Konzeption des Gesetzgebers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 . . . . . . . . . 2. "True and fair view" - eine bilanzrechtliche Generalklausel? . . . . . . 17 3. Folgen einer solchen bilanzrechtlichen Generalklausel . . . . . . . . . . 18 . . III. Die Generalnorm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Pramissen.................................................. 19 2. Auslegung des 264 Abs. 2 HGB ............................. 21 3. Reduktion des "true and fair view" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 . . . . . . . IV. Richtlinienkonformitat ......................................... 23 1. Fortwirkende Bedeutung der EG-Bilanzrichtlinie. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 . . . 2. Die Generalklausel der Richtlinie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . . . 3. Korrekte Umsetzung der Richtlinie ............................ 26 V. Steuerrechtliche Bedeutung der Generalnorm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 . . . . . 1. Kontinuitat, Einheitlichkeit und Rechtssicherheit ................ 27 2. Weichenstellung: MaBgeblichkeitsgrundsatz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 . . . . . 3. Steuerneutralitat des Bilanzrichtlinien-Gesetzes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 . . . .

Against the Carceral Archive is a meditation upon what author Damien M. Sojoyner calls the “carceral archival project,� offering a distillation of critical, theoretical, and activist work of prison abolitionists over the past three decades. Working from collections at the Southern California Library (Black Panthers, LA Chapter; the Coalition Against Police Abuse; Urban Policy Research Institute; Mothers Reclaiming Our Children; and the collection of geographer Clyde Woods), it builds upon theories of the archive to examine carcerality as the dominant mode of state governance over Black populations in the United States since the 1960s. Each chapter takes up an element of the carceral archive and its destabilization, destruction, and containment of Black life: its notion of the human and the production of “pejorative blackness,� the intimate connection between police and military in the protection of racial capitalism and its fossil fuel–based economy, the role of technology in counterintelligence, and counterinsurgency logics. Importantly, each chapter also emphasizes the carceral archive’s fundamental failure to destroy “Black communal logics� and radical Black forms of knowledge production, both of which contest the carceral archive and create other forms of life in its midst. Concluding with a statement on the reckoning with the radical traditions of thought and being which liberation requires, Sojoyner offers a compelling argument for how the centering of Blackness enables a structuring of the mind that refuses the violent exploitative tendencies of Western epistemological traditions as viable life-affirming practices.

Offering the most thought-provoking introduction to EU law. Written in a highly readable narrative style, the book provides students with a succinct yet sophisticated analysis of the core aspects of the subject, while also equipping them with the tools for further exploration. Figures and tables clarify complex ideas and processes, and a guide to finding and reading EU judgments offers valuable practical support. This carefully structured guide brings clarity to a broad and multifaceted subject.

In this book, Seumas Miller develops distinctive philosophical analyses of corruption, collective responsibility and integrity systems, and applies them to cases in both the public and the private sectors. Using numerous well-known examples of institutional corruption, he explores a variety of actual and potential anti-corruption measures. The result is a wide-ranging, theoretically sophisticated and empirically informed work on institutional corruption and how to combat it. Part I defines the key concepts of corruption, power, collective responsibility, bribery, abuse of authority and nepotism; Part II discusses anti-corruption and integrity systems, corruption investigations and whistle-blowing; and Part III focuses on corruption and anti-corruption in specific institutional settings, namely policing, finance, business and government. Integrating theory with practical approaches, this book will be important for those interested in the philosophy and ethics of corruption as well as for those who work to combat it.

In the last few years there has been a great revival of interest in culture-bound psychiatric syndromes. A spate of new papers has been published on well known and less familiar syndromes, and there have been a number of attempts to put some order into the field of inquiry. In a review of the literature on culture-bound syndromes up to 1969 Yap made certain suggestions for organizing thinking about them which for the most part have not received general acceptance (see Carr, this volume, p. 199). Through the seventies new descriptive and conceptual work was scarce, but in the last few years books and papers discussing the field were authored or edited by Tseng and McDermott (1981), AI-Issa (1982), Friedman and Faguet (1982) and Murphy (1982). In 1983 Favazza summarized his understanding of the state of current thinking for the fourth edition of the Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, and a symposium on culture-bound syndromes was organized by Kenny for the Eighth International Congress of Anthropology and Ethnology. The strong est impression to emerge from all this recent work is that there is no substantive consensus, and that the very concept, "culture-bound syndrome" could well use some serious reconsideration. As the role of culture-specific beliefs and prac tices in all affliction has come to be increasingly recognized it has become less and less clear what sets the culture-bound syndromes apart."

Bringing together case studies ranging across the globe, including the US-Mexico borderlands, the Calais encampment in France, refugee camps in Kenya, Uganda and Bangladesh and contested 'informal' enclaves and communities in the cities of India, China, Brazil, Nigeria and South Africa, this book challenges current ways of thinking about the governance of human settling, mobility, and placemaking. Together, the 15 essays question the validity of the conventional hegemonic divisions of Global North vs. Global South and 'formal' vs. 'informal', in terms of geographic presence, transborder performances, and the ideological inter-dependence of Northern and Southern spaces, spatial practices and the uniformity of authoritative enforcements. The book, whose authors themselves come from all over the world, uses 'Global South' as a methodological apparatus to ask the 'Southern' question of settling and unsettling across the globe. Crucially, the studies reveal the sentiments, resourcefulness and the agency of those positioned by the powerful within the dichotomies of formal/informal, legitimate/ illegal, privileged/marginalized; etc., who are traditionally identified within the dominant development discourse as mere numbers or designated by intervening institutions as helpless recipients. By focusing on hitherto invisible events and untold stories of adaptation, negotiation and contestation by people and their communities, this volume of essays takes the ongoing North-South debate in new directions and opens up to the reader's fresh areas of inquiry. It will be of interest to researchers and students of architecture, planning, politics and sociology, as well as built environment professionals.

In the course of exempting religious, educational, and charitable organizations from federal income tax, section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code requires them to refrain from campaign speech and much speech to influence legislation. These speech restrictions have seemed merely technical adjustments, which prevent the political use of a tax subsidy. But the cultural and legal realities are more disturbing. Tracing the history of American liberalism, including theological liberalism and its expression in nativism, Hamburger shows the centrality of turbulent popular anxieties about the Catholic Church and other potentially orthodox institutions. He argues persuasively that such theopolitical fears about the political speech of churches and related organizations underlay the adoption, in 1934 and 1954, of section 501(c)(3)'s speech limits. He thereby shows that the speech restrictions have been part of a broad majority assault on minority rights and that they are grossly unconstitutional. Along the way, Hamburger explores the role of the Ku Klux Klan and other nativist organizations, the development of American theology, and the cultural foundations of liberal "democratic" political theory. He also traces important legal developments such as the specialization of speech rights and the use of law to homogenize beliefs. Ultimately, he examines a wide range of contemporary speech restrictions and the growing shallowness of public life in America. His account is an unflinching look at the complex history of American liberalism and at the implications for speech, the diversity of belief, and the nation's future.

Are all of the commonly accepted aims of the use of law justifiable? Which kinds of behavior are justifiably prohibited, which kinds justifiably required? What uses of law are not defensible? How can the legitimacy or the ille gitimacy of various uses of law be explained or accounted for? These are questions the answering of which involves one in many issues of moral principle, for the answers require that one adopt positions - even if only implicitly - on further questions of what kinds of actions or policies are morally or ethically acceptable. The present work, aimed at questions of these kinds, is thus a study in the ethical evaluation of major uses of legal coercion. It is an attempt to provide a framework within which many questions about the proper uses of law may be fruitfully discussed. The framework, if successful, can be used by anyone asking questions about the defensibility of particular or general uses of law, whether from the perspective of someone considering whether to bring about some new legal provision, from the perspective of someone concerned to evaluate an eXisting provision, or from that of someone concerned more abstractly with questions about the appropriate substance of an ideal legal system. In addressing these and associated issues, I shall be exploring the extent to which an ethics based on respect for persons and their autonomy can handle satisfactorily the problems arising here."

In October 2019, unprecedented mobilizations in Chile took the world by surprise. An outburst of protests plunged a stable democracy into the deepest social and political crisis since its dictatorship in the 1980s. Although the protests involved a myriad of organizations, the organizational capabilities provided by underprivileged urban dwellers proved essential in sustaining collective action in an increasingly repressive environment. Based on a comparative ethnography and over six years of fieldwork, Mobilizing at the Urban Margins uses the case of Chile to study how social mobilization endures in marginalized urban contexts, allowing activists to engage in large-scale democratizing processes. The book investigates why and how some urban communities succumb to exclusion, while others react by resurrecting collective action to challenge unequal regimes of citizenship. Rich and insightful, the book develops the novel analytical framework of 'mobilizational citizenship' to explain this self-produced form of political incorporation in the urban margins.