The Cambridge History of the Polar Regions is a landmark collection drawing together the history of the Arctic and Antarctica from the earliest times to the present. Structured as a series of thematic chapters, an international team of scholars offer a range of perspectives from environmental history, the history of science and exploration, cultural history, and the more traditional approaches of political, social, economic, and imperial history. The volume considers the centrality of Indigenous experience and the urgent need to build action in the present on a thorough understanding of the past. Using historical research based on methods ranging from archives and print culture to archaeology and oral histories, these essays provide fresh analyses of the discovery of Antarctica, the disappearance of Sir John Franklin, the fate of the Norse colony in Greenland, the origins of the Antarctic Treaty, and much more. This is an invaluable resource for anyone interested in the history of our planet.

For years the public has become increasingly disillusioned and cynical about its governmental institutions. In the face of alarming problems-most notably the $400 billion budget deficit-the government seems deadlocked, reduced to partisan posturing and bickering, with the president and Congress blaming each other for failure. And neither party can be held accountable. The public tendency is to blame individual leaders- or politicians as a class-but an insistent and growing number of experienced statesmen and political scientists believe that much of the difficulty can be traced to the governmental structure itself, designed in the eighteenth century and essentially unchanged since then. Is that inherited constitutional system adequate to meet the challenges of the twenty-first century, or has the time come for fundamental change? Should we adopt an electoral system that encourages unified control of the presidency, the Senate and the House? Lengthen terms of office? Limit congressional terms? Abolish or modify the electoral college? Introduce a mechanism for calling special elections? Permit legislators to hold executive offices? Redistribute the balance of powers within the governmental system? In this revised edition of his highly acclaimed 1986 volume, James Sundquist reviews the origins and rationale of the constitutional structure and the current debate about whether reform is needed, then raises practical questions about what changes might work best if a consensus should emerge that the national government is too prone to stalemate to meet its responsibilities. Analyzing the main proposals advanced to adapt the Constitution to current conditions, he attempts to separate theworkable ideas from the unworkable, the effective from the ineffective, the possibly feasible from the wholly infeasible, and finally arrives at a set of recommendations of his own.

The information revolution has ushered in a data-driven reorganization of the workplace. Big data and AI are used to surveil workers and shift risk. Workplace wellness programs appraise our health. Personality job tests calibrate our mental state. The monitoring of social media and surveillance of the workplace measure our social behavior. With rich historical sources and contemporary examples, The Quantified Worker explores how the workforce science of today goes far beyond increasing efficiency and threatens to erase individual personhood. With exhaustive detail, Ifeoma Ajunwa shows how different forms of worker quantification are enabled, facilitated, and driven by technological advances. Timely and eye-opening, The Quantified Worker advocates for changes in the law that will mitigate the ill effects of the modern workplace.

In her first book, Before I Do, leading gay rights attorney Elizabeth F. Schwartz spells out the range of practical considerations couples should address before tying the knot. With cameos from some of the most prominent LGBT family law professionals, Schwartz explains all of the implications of marriage from name changes and getting a license to taxes, insurance, social security, and much more.

Bringing together case studies ranging across the globe, including the US-Mexico borderlands, the Calais encampment in France, refugee camps in Kenya, Uganda and Bangladesh and contested 'informal' enclaves and communities in the cities of India, China, Brazil, Nigeria and South Africa, this book challenges current ways of thinking about the governance of human settling, mobility, and placemaking. Together, the 15 essays question the validity of the conventional hegemonic divisions of Global North vs. Global South and 'formal' vs. 'informal', in terms of geographic presence, transborder performances, and the ideological inter-dependence of Northern and Southern spaces, spatial practices and the uniformity of authoritative enforcements. The book, whose authors themselves come from all over the world, uses 'Global South' as a methodological apparatus to ask the 'Southern' question of settling and unsettling across the globe. Crucially, the studies reveal the sentiments, resourcefulness and the agency of those positioned by the powerful within the dichotomies of formal/informal, legitimate/ illegal, privileged/marginalized; etc., who are traditionally identified within the dominant development discourse as mere numbers or designated by intervening institutions as helpless recipients. By focusing on hitherto invisible events and untold stories of adaptation, negotiation and contestation by people and their communities, this volume of essays takes the ongoing North-South debate in new directions and opens up to the reader's fresh areas of inquiry. It will be of interest to researchers and students of architecture, planning, politics and sociology, as well as built environment professionals.

Am 17. Juli 2013 ist die 7. HOAI-Novelle in Kraft getreten. Mit dieser vollständig überarbeiteten Auflage wird eine umfassende und praxisnahe juristische Kommentierung aller Leistungsbereiche der in der HOAI 2013 erfassten Architekten- und Ingenieurleistungen vorgelegt. Die Herausgeber kommentieren in Zusammenarbeit mit Fachingenieuren die gesamte Honorarordnung und stellen sowohl für Architekten und Ingenieure, als auch für Rechtsanwälte und Richter, die mit Fragen des Architektenhonorarrechts befasst sind, ein wichtiges Arbeitsmittel zur Verfügung, das Sicherheit in der Auslegung und Anwendung der Bestimmungen vermittelt und auch die neueste zur HOAI ergangene Rechtsprechung berücksichtigt.  Bitte beachten: Für das Bearbeiterverzeichnis und die Zuordnung der Bearbeiter zu den Paragrafen wurde ein Erratum erstellt. Es steht auf dieser Seite als Download zur Verfügung.

Karolina Ferreira gaan na die Vrystaatste dorp Voorspoed om in die omgewing navorsing oor motte te doen. Op pad laai sy 'n onbekende man op en laat haar handpalm lees deur 'n vrou in 'n karavaan.

From a prize-winning Harvard legal scholar, "a damning portrait" (New York Review of Books) of the misdemeanor machine that unjustly brands millions of Americans as criminals Punishment Without Crime offers an urgent new perspective on inequality and injustice in America by examining the paradigmatic American offense: the lowly misdemeanor. Based on extensive original research, legal scholar Alexandra Natapoff reveals the inner workings of a massive petty offense system that produces over thirteen million criminal cases each year, over 80 percent of the national total. People arrested for minor crimes are swept through courts where defendants often lack lawyers, judges process cases in mere minutes, and nearly everyone pleads guilty. This misdemeanor machine starts punishing people long before they are convicted, it punishes the innocent, and it punishes conduct that never should have been a crime. As a result, vast numbers of Americans-most of them poor and disproportionately people of color-are stigmatized as criminals, impoverished through fines and fees, and stripped of driver's licenses, jobs, and housing. And as the nation learned from the police killings of Eric Garner, George Floyd, and too many others, misdemeanor enforcement can be lethal. Now updated with a new afterword, Punishment Without Crime shows how America's sprawling misdemeanor system makes our entire country less safe, less fair, and less equal.

Are judges supposed to be objective? Citizens, scholars, and legalprofessionals commonly assume that subjectivity and objectivity areopposites, with the corollary that subjectivity is a vice and objectivity is avirtue. These assumptions underlie passionate debates over adherenceto original intent and judicial activism. In Common Law Judging, Douglas Edlin challenges these widely heldassumptions by reorienting the entire discussion. Rather than analyzejudging in terms of objectivity and truth, he argues that we shouldinstead approach the role of a judge’s individual perspective in terms ofintersubjectivity and validity. Drawing upon Kantian aesthetic theory aswell as case law, legal theory, and constitutional theory, Edlin develops anew conceptual framework for the respective roles of the individual judgeand of the judiciary as an institution, as well as the relationship betweenthem, as integral parts of the broader legal and political community.Specifically, Edlin situates a judge’s subjective responses within a formof legal reasoning and reflective judgment that must be communicated todifferent audiences. Edlin concludes that the individual values and perspectives of judgesare indispensable both to their judgments in specific cases and to theindependence of the courts. According to the common law tradition,judicial subjectivity is a virtue, not a vice.

There are few figures and leaders of recent American history of greater social and political consequence than Jesse Jackson, and few more relevant for America’s current political climate. In the 1960s, Jackson served as a close aide to Dr. Martin Luther King, meeting him on the notorious march to legitimate the American democratic system in Selma. He was there on the day of King’s assassination, and continued his political legacy, inspiring a generation of Black and Latino politicians and activists, founding the Rainbow/PUSH Coalition, and helping to make the Democratic Party more multicultural and progressive with his historic runs for the presidency in the 1980s. In I Am Somebody, David Masciotra argues that Jackson’s legacy must be rehabilitated in the history of American politics. Masciotra has had personal access to Jackson for several years, conducting over one hundred interviews with the man himself, as well as interviews with a wide variety of elected officials and activists who Jackson has inspired and influenced. It also takes readers inside Jackson's negotiations for the release of hostages and political prisoners in Cuba, Iraq, and several other countries. As Democratic politics sees a return to radicalism and the rise of a new generation committed to racial and economic justice, this is a critical book for understanding where America in the 21st Century has come from and where it is going. Featuring a foreword by Michael Eric Dyson.

In Copy This Book!, Paul J. Heald draws on a vast knowledge of copyright scholarship and a deep sense of irony to explain what's gone wrong with copyright in the twenty-first century. Distilling extensive empirical data to clearly show the implications of copyright laws and doctrine for public welfare, he illustrates his findings with lighthearted references to familiar (and obscure) works and their creators (and sometimes their creators' oddball relations). Among the questions he tackles: How does copyright deter composers from writing new songs? Why are so many famous photographs unprotected orphans, and how does Getty Images get away with licensing them? What can the use of music in movies tell us about the proper length of the copyright term? How do publishers get away with claiming rights in public domain works and extracting unmerited royalties from the public? Heald translates piles of data, complex laws, and mysterious economics, equipping readers with the tools for judging past and future copyright law.

This title features the short stories written by South Africans from all walks of life over a period of a hundred years. From the oral traditions of the San and other African peoples, right through to the most modern writers of the twenty-first century, Chapman has selected the best of this interesting and much loved genre. Some of the old favourites and standards from A Century of South African Short Stories, which had three different editions, remain. Previously unpublished stories have been found and added, and have resulted in an unprecedented treasury of wonderful tales.

The Language of Perjury Cases outlines the contributions that linguistics can make to both the gathering of evidence and the way that evidence is analyzed in perjury cases. Roger W. Shuy describes eleven representative lawsuits--involving bankruptcy, unions, hunting licenses, doctors, priests, and Senators--for which he served as a consultant. Shuy's linguistic analysis illustrates how grammatical referencing, speech acts, discourse structure, framing, conveyed meaning, intentionality, and malicious language affected the outcome of these cases.

Clear and easy to understand, Joel Samaha's best-selling text helps you apply criminal law's enduring foundations and principles to fascinating, current court cases and specific crimes. With a blend of case excerpts and author commentary, the author guides you as you sharpen your critical thinking and legal analysis skills. As you progress through the book, you'll learn about the general principles of criminal liability and its defenses, as well as the elements of crimes against persons, property, society, and the state. You'll also see these principles at work in the cases and crimes that illustrate them. Featuring the latest topics and court cases, real-world illustrations, and study tools to maximize your course success (including MindTap), CRIMINAL LAW, 12th Edition will serve as a valuable reference long after you graduate. In fact, former users report that this is the only book they keep, and those who go on to law school say that it helps them in their criminal law course.

Everything a writer needs to know about the law. This accessible, reader-friendly handbook will be an invaluable resource for authors, agents, and editors in navigating the legal landscape of the contemporary publishing industry. Drawing on a wealth of experience in legal scholarship and publishing, Jacqueline D. Lipton provides a useful legal guide for writers whatever their levels of expertise or categories of work (fiction, nonfiction, or academic). Through case studies and hypothetical examples, Law and Authors addresses issues of copyright law, including explanations of fair use and the public domain; trademark and branding concerns for those embarking on a publishing career; laws that impact the ways that authors might use social media and marketing promotions; and privacy and defamation questions that writers may face. Although the book focuses on American law, it highlights key areas where laws in other countries differ from those in the United States. Law and Authors will prepare every writer for the inevitable and the unexpected.

In these highly competitive times, there is little room for firms that are content to remain as they've always been. Global competition, commoditisation, legal outsourcing and pressure from clients to cut costs have created a sense of urgency within law firms to better understand their own businesses. This has implications for the way law firms view and use their resources, expertise and human capital. A commitment to innovation opens doors for law firms to better align themselves with client needs and encourages the development of new tools and service offerings to assist with on-going business needs. But what does innovation really mean in a law firm context? In what ways can an undeniably traditional industry demonstrate innovation? How do individual law firms show what innovation means to them? Law Firm Innovation: Insights and Practice not only answers these questions, but provides an overview of innovation options and practices in a changing legal marketplace. This guide offers practical advice for firms that are looking to become more innovative in the way they work, and it provides first-hand examples of innovation in practice within the legal industry. This guide will enable you to: Gain insight into innovation in the legal market from experts and practitioners from around the world. Review several practical frameworks, designed to help law firms introduce innovation as a core business activity. Learn from case studies on some of the most innovative legal service providers and the ground-breaking approaches already being taken. You can use these to benchmark your innovative approaches. Hear from these authors: Richard Hinwood, Strategy and Governance Director Executive (Withers LLP) John Knox, Managing Director, Asia (AdventBalance) Mark Gould, Founder (Mark Gould Consulting) Adam Billing, Partner (Moller PSF Group Cambridge), Founder (Treehouse) Abigail Hunt, Associate (Moller PSF Group Cambridge), Senior Associate (Treehouse) Markus Hartung, Director (Bucerius Center on the Legal Profession, Hamburg) Arne Ga rtner, Research Assistant (Bucerius Center on the Legal Profession, Hamburg) Michael Bradley, Managing Partner (Marque Lawyers) Darryl Cooke, Founder (gunnercooke) Karl Chapman, Chief Executive (Riverview Law)

This book critically evaluates the EU regulatory framework for the liability of host Internet Service Providers (ISPs) for copyright and trade mark infringements and provides a cluster of novel recommendations for its improvement. The book recommends the imposition of a duty of care to host ISPs to curb the dissemination of unauthorised works and counterfeit goods, the ascription of a transparency obligation to host ISPs towards their users, and the establishment of a supervisory authority for host ISPs. Host ISPs have facilitated the dissemination of content amongst users and the purchase of goods online, enabling copyright holders and brand owners to attract a greater audience for their works and goods. However, their services have attracted a high number of copyright and trade mark violations, too. Neither Article 14 of the e-Commerce Directive nor Article 17 of the Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive provide a solid response to the issue of host ISPs' liability. This book is a valuable resource for researchers in IT and IP law and offers a new perspective for resolving online IP disputes.

Humanity reaps the many advantages of science while bemoaning the frequent misapplications and abuses of modern technology. Yet far too many of us admit to possessing little if any real knowledge of what scientists actually do, why they do it, or whether they should be otherwise occupied in more productive pursuits. Nonscientists need to appreciate the nature, purpose, and goals of science. Conversely, the narrow focus of many science enthusiasts fails to recognize that science cannot help but interact with sources of knowledge beyond its realm, placing scientific endeavors within a swirling caldron of competing knowledge claims. In Understanding Science noted author and researcher Arthur N. Strahler, whose career in science spans more than half a century, fills this double void by offering insights into both the philosophy and the sociology of science. Part One presents a basic outline of the concepts and issues that have occupied scientists for years: the Nature of Science: Laws, Explanations, Theories, and Hypotheses; Prediction, Testing, Corroboration, and Falsification; the Complex/Historical Sciences; Determinism, Randomness, Chaos, and Quantum Mechanics; the New Philosophy of Science; and Pseudoscience, both specific cases and the phenomenon in general. Part Two concentrates on science as it interacts with and is distinguished from other knowledge fields. Here readers begin to see the religious, political, cultural, and social forces within which science developed and out of which it carved its special identity: the Major Classes of Knowledge; the Nature and Place of Logic and Mathematics; Religion and the God Concept; Ethics, Aesthetics, and Ideologies; How Science Impacts theReligious/Ethical Systems; and Is Creationism Religion or Pseudoscience? Unless each of us is willing to set aside our respective fears to gain a better understanding of what science is and how it can be carefully distinguished from other types of beliefs and claims, the ignorance, confusion, and distortion that has tainted society's view of science will remain a fundamental obstacle to gaining the knowledge that will help us solve pressing problems of daily life. Understanding Science offers new hope that this goal is within reach.

In times of situational therapeutic impasse, health care professionals (HCPs) are under pressure to conduct off-label, unlicensed and compassionate drug use -- generally summarized under the term non-licensed drug use (NDU). Liability, contractual and penal risks pose a problem when treating a patient in a non-licensed way. There is a knowledge gap about institutional and governmental methods to resolve these problems. Different countries have developed strategies to manage NDU. Vanessa Plat? gives a comprehensive overview of practices Canada, the U.S., the U.K., Japan, France, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, and the transnational E.U. A must-read for everyone interested in the discussion on how to administer the best treatment, especially regarding early access to yet unapproved treatments.

Through courtroom dramas from 1865 to 1920, Recasting American Liberty offers a dramatic reconsideration of the critical role railroads, and their urban counterpart, streetcars, played in transforming the conditions of individual liberty at the dawn of the 20th century. The three-part narrative, focusing on the law of accidental injury, nervous shock, and racial segregation in public transit, captures Americans' journey from a cultural and legal ethos celebrating manly independence and autonomy to one that recognized and sought to protect the individual against the corporate power, modern technology and modern urban space.

In the words of author Dianne Stewart, 'African proverbs reflect both the past and the present, and are as relevant to contemporary society as they were to traditional society.' As with so much of African culture, proverbs have been passed on in the oral tradition so it's rare to find such a treasure trove as this; from across Africa, Dianne has compiled a fascination collection. The text is given in the language of origin, an English translation and an explanation of the meaning. The proverbs are divided into subject groups such as human nature, family life, good fortune, time, animals and nature. Whether you're looking for that special African gift or would like to add to your own collection of reference books, Wisdom from Africa is an excellent choice.

A history of the organization, as well as member roster, chapters in the IAATI, and many photos!