Twenty years have passed since the Rochdale Canal reopened following a restoration scheme that faced almost impossible hurdles. One of three commercial waterways across the Pennines, the canal links the industrial North West and North East, flowing through mill towns, beneath dramatic bridges and traverses spectacular hilly scenery. Its ninety-one locks present a strenuous challenge for boaters, while it has become popular with walkers, cyclists, houseboat residents and casual sailors. The revival of the canal has helped to bring new life to the towns and villages along its route. This book tracks its 32-mile length, telling its story in colour through historians, canals users, lock keepers and all those who today utilise the canal in ways its originators never conceived.

Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the "Special Publications Series."

It is hard to be unaware of the earth in San Francisco. Built on rocky hills, the city is surrounded on three sides by bay and ocean that can be seen from nearly everywhere within it. Precipitous cliffs face the city from across the Golden Gate, and the skyline to the north, east, and south is dominated by mountains. Occasional tremors from the San Andreas and related faults nearby remind us that the earth here is active. Until recently the rocks so abundantly exposed in San Francisco baffled geologists. Jumbled together without apparent order and lacking visible fossils, they defied explanation. The theory of plate tectonics has changed all that. We now have an explanation for the origin of the rocks of San Francisco, although it is anything but simple.

Water at the Surface of the Earth: An Introduction to Ecosystem Hydrodynamics provides an introduction to the ways in which biological, physical, cultural, and urban systems at the surface of the earth operate, with a particular focus on the hydrodynamics of ecosystems, i.e., water and its association with other forms of matter, including pollutants, and with several forms of energy. The chapter sequence in this book follows the downward progress of water from the lower atmosphere, through ecosystems at the earth's surface, through the soil and mantle rock, to the ""waters under the earth."" In other words, the book begins with input of water to ecosystems, then describes how it is processed in these systems, and ends with the liquid water yield from them. The book first discusses storms in the atmosphere. These are systems that convert inflows of water vapor into outflows of raindrops and snowflakes that are precipitated to the underlying surface. This is followed by separate chapters on how water is delivered from the atmosphere to surface ecosystems; water budgets at the surface and in the soil; evaporation from these systems back to the atmosphere; water in the local air and rocks; and horizontal movement of water transformed by ecosystems where the preceding storages and fluxes were located.

Students and professors of hydrology, ecology, land-use management, forest and range management, soil science, physical geography, soil and water conservation, and watershed management will welcome this revision of the 1969 edition of "An Outline of Forest Hydrology" by John D. Hewlett and Wade L. Nutter.

The student pursuing a career in forest and wildland resources soon learns that no science is more fundamental to the art of land management than hydrology, but hydrology as a science traditionally has been subordinated to hydrology as technique. Older texts have focused on methods and applications to the exclusion of principle, occasionally leaving the hydrological effects of land use and vegetation to be interpreted from techniques rather than from knowledge of process. Soil, atmospheric, and vegetal phases of the hydrologic cycle of have neglected in many texts intended for the college student.

Hewlett's new book focuses on natural processes and is intended to guide further study and to serve as a base for class lectures. The subject matter is organized to introduce key ideas and principles and to provide consistent terminology and clear graphic material to aid the student in comprehending the complex literature of hydrology.

A writer's travels along the legendary yet contested Jordan River-exploring the long conflict over water supply Access to water has played a pivotal role in the Israel-Palestine dispute. Israel has diverted the River Jordan via pipes and canals to build a successful modern state. But this has been at the expense of the region's cohabitants. Gaza is now so water-stressed that the United Nations has warned it could soon become uninhabitable; its traditional water source has been ruined by years of over-extraction and mismanagement, the effects exacerbated by years of crippling blockade. Award-winning author and journalist James Fergusson travels to every corner of Israel and Palestine telling the story of the River Jordan and the fierce competition for water. Along the way, he meets farmers, officials, soldiers, refugees, settlers, rioting youth, religious zealots, water experts, and engineers on both sides of the Green Line. Fergusson gives voice to the fears and aspirations of the region's inhabitants and highlights the centrality of water in negotiating future peace.

Das Meer ist der groesste Lebensraum der Erde - hier hat die Evolution der Organismen begonnen, und hier findet sich auch die groesste Vielfalt organismischer Bauplane. Lernfreundlich aufbereitet und leicht verstandlich geschrieben, gibt das Lehrbuch einen grundlegenden und umfassenden UEberblick uber die verschiedenen Lebensraume und Lebensgemeinschaften des Meeres. OEkologische Prozesse wie Konkurrenz, Fressbeziehungen, Symbiosen und Nahrungsnetze sind zentrale Themen. Zahlreiche Abbildungen regen zum Lesen und Lernen an.

By 2050, the demand for water to sustain world agriculture will increase by seventy-five per cent in order to feed an estimated nine billion inhabitants. Increased amounts of water will be required for irrigation and for industrial and domestic use. Natural ecosystems will be threatened by the expansion of agricultural land and by a reduction in water availability, while climate change will exacerbate the situation. Management of available resources, particularly groundwater, will become more critical and aquifers will need to be managed for the benefit of all. These selected papers were first presented at the International Association of Hydrogeologists, Dijon 2006, and are divided into six themes: large aquifers, resource assessment; large aquifers, water salinity and evolution; karstic and carbonate aquifer systems; geothermal aquifer systems; aquifer contamination studies and aquifer monitoring systems and management. The volume also includes a short biography of Henry Darcy and illustrates his contribution to science. Five invited contributions describe modern methods for estimating the hydraulic conductivity of aquifers.

In this social and ecological account of the Chicago River, Libby Hill tells the story of how a sluggish waterway emptying into Lake Michigan became central to the creation of Chicago as a major metropolis and transportation hub. This widely acclaimed volume weaves the perspectives of science, engineering, commerce, politics, economics, and the natural world into a chronicle of the river from its earliest geologic history through its repeated adaptations to the city that grew up around it. While explaining the river's role in massive public works, such as drainage and straightening, designed to address the infrastructure needs of a growing population, Hill focuses on the synergy between the river and the people of greater Chicago, whether they be the tribal cultures that occupied the land after glacial retreat, the first European inhabitants, or more recent residents. In the first edition, Hill brought together years of original research and the contributions of dozens of experts to tell the Chicago River's story up until 2000. This revised edition features discussions of disinfection, Asian carp, green strategies, the evolution of the Chicago Riverwalk, and the river's rejuvenation. It also explores how earlier solutions to problems challenge today's engineers, architects, environmentalists, and public policy agencies as they address contemporary issues. Revealing the river to be a microcosm of the uneasy relationship between nature and civilization, The Chicago River offers the tools and knowledge for the city's residents to be champions on the river's behalf.

The Columbia River Basin is one of the nations largest watersheds and extends mainly through four Western states and into Canada. Activities such as power generation and agricultural practices have impaired water quality in some areas, so that human health is at risk and certain species, such as salmon, are threatened or extinct. Chapter 1 reports on the actions related to restoration efforts in the Basin. The San Francisco Bay Delta watershed -- which drains a vast area of California from the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the Pacific Ocean -- supplies drinking water for 25 million people and provides irrigation for about half the nations fruit and vegetable production. Decades of development and agriculture have led to large reductions in water quality and supply, natural flood protection, and habitats across the watersheds three major regions: the Bay, the Delta, and the upper watershed. As described in chapter 2, federal entities have been working with nonfederal entities for decades to protect and restore the watershed. The Long Island Sound, an estuary bordered by Connecticut and New York, provides numerous economic and recreational benefits. However, development and pollution have resulted in environmental impacts, such as the degradation of water quality. Chapter 3 focuses on the Study to restore and protect the Sound. Puget Sound is the nations second-largest estuary and serves as an important economic engine in Washington State, supporting millions of people, major industries, and a wide variety of species. However, according to the CCMP, human use and development have degraded water quality and habitats and harmed critical species such as salmon. Chapter 4 reviews the efforts to restore Puget Sound.

Far from being the serene, natural streams of yore, modern rivers have been diverted, dammed, dumped in, and dried up, all in efforts to harness their power for human needs. But these rivers have also undergone environmental change. The old adage says you can't step in the same river twice, and Ellen Wohl would agree--natural and synthetic change are so rapid on the world's great waterways that rivers are transforming and disappearing right before our eyes. "A World of Rivers" explores the confluence of human and environmental change on ten of the great rivers of the world. Ranging from the Murray-Darling in Australia and the Yellow River in China to Central Europe's Danube and the United States' Mississippi, the book journeys down the most important rivers in all corners of the globe. Wohl shows us how pollution, such as in the Ganges and in the Ob of Siberia, has affected biodiversity in the water. But rivers are also resilient, and Wohl stresses the importance of conservation and restoration to help reverse the effects of human carelessness and hubris. What all these diverse rivers share is a critical role in shaping surrounding landscapes and biological communities, and Wohl's book ultimately makes a strong case for the need to steward positive change in the world's great rivers.

Die industrielle Entwicklung hat zu einer Dafur erweisen sich die biologischen R- starken Beanspruchung der Natur gefuhrt. nigungsverfahren als verfahrenstechnisch Es werden nicht nur Bodenschatze aller Art unproblematische und - auf die Elimi- abgebaut und ausgebeutet, sondern auch tionsleistung bezogen - sehr effektive V- die Natur an sich mit Wasser, Boden und fahren. Luft wird benotigt, um die industrielle Pro- Es ist primar das Ziel und die Arbeitsweise duktion moglich zu machen. Dabei sind der Abwassertechnik, den Wirkungsgrad den Menschen, besonders in den Industr- von biologischen Reinigungsverfahren, nationen, ein wahres Naturverstandnis und d.h. den eliminierten Anteil an biologisch Empfinden verloren gegangen und die E- abbaubaren Schmutzstoffen zu erhohen. mente der Natur werden verwertet wie Dabei handelt es sich immer um die t- andere Rohstoffe auch. Da aber z.B. das sachlich abbaubaren Stoffe, und die Bewer- Wasser kein standig nachlieferbarer Stoff ist, tung der Reinigungsleistung orientiert sich muss eine unbedachte Nutzung und V- an der Elimination dieser, den Sauersto- schmutzung von Wasser letztlich zu Scha- haushalt der Gewasser belastenden Stoffe. gungen von Gewassern fuhren und damit Nun haben sich in den letzten Jahren die die Menge an verfugbaren Trink- und Anspruche an die Erhaltung der Gewasser Brauchwasser vermindern."

The Manchester Ship Canal was a huge engineering achievement. It included seven swing bridges and the aqueduct at Barton, and helped turn the cotton-producing capital of Great Britain into an inland seaport. This was a feat many at the time believed could not be achieved. One of the wonders of the modern industrial world, the Manchester Ship Canal, with its huge locks and ocean-going vessels, was a magnetic draw for enthusiastic Victorians who marvelled at its construction. This book looks at the changes and development of the Manchester Ship Canal through time, from its origins as a thriving economic hub in the late nineteenth century, to an important retail, leisure and media centre in the early twenty-first century and beyond. Join Steven Dickens as he explores the history of this 36-mile-long inland waterway in the north-west of England, which links Manchester to the Mersey Estuary and the Irish Sea.

Band 2 der a žSA1/4Awasserflora von Mitteleuropa" enthAlt dichotone BestimmungsschlA1/4ssel zu allen in diesem Raum vorkommenden Diatomeen-Arten (ca. 6000 einzellige Kieselalgen mit einer HA1/4lle aus Siliziumdioxid). In dem vorliegenden Teil 2/3 werden folgende Taxa behandelt:

In der Ordnung Centrales: Melosira, Orthoseira, Ellerbeckia, Aulacoseira, Cyclotella, Cyclostephanos, Stehanodiscus, Thalassiosira, Stephanocostis, Skeletonema, Acanthoceras, Chaetoceros, Rhizosolenia, Pleurosira, Actinocyclus.

In der Familie Fragilariaceae: Tetracyclus, Diatoma, Meridion, Asterionella, Tabellaria, Synedra, Fragilaria, Opephora, Hannaea, Centronella.

In der Familie Eunotiaceae: Eunotia, Actinella, Peronia

Methods and guidelines for developing and using mathematical models

Turn to "Effective Groundwater Model Calibration" for a set of methods and guidelines that can help produce more accurate and transparent mathematical models. The models can represent groundwater flow and transport and other natural and engineered systems. Use this book and its extensive exercises to learn methods to fully exploit the data on hand, maximize the model's potential, and troubleshoot any problems that arise. Use the methods to perform: Sensitivity analysis to evaluate the information content of data Data assessment to identify (a) existing measurements that dominate model development and predictions and (b) potential measurements likely to improve the reliability of predictions Calibration to develop models that are consistent with the data in an optimal manner Uncertainty evaluation to quantify and communicate errors in simulated results that are often used to make important societal decisions

Most of the methods are based on linear and nonlinear regression theory.

Fourteen guidelines show the reader how to use the methods advantageously in practical situations.

Exercises focus on a groundwater flow system and management problem, enabling readers to apply all the methods presented in the text. The exercises can be completed using the material provided in the book, or as hands-on computer exercises using instructions and files available on the text's accompanying Web site.

Throughout the book, the authors stress the need for valid statistical concepts and easily understood presentation methods required to achieve well-tested, transparent models. Most of the examples and all of theexercises focus on simulating groundwater systems; other examples come from surface-water hydrology and geophysics.

The methods and guidelines in the text are broadly applicable and can be used by students, researchers, and engineers to simulate many kinds systems.

From acclaimed writer Beth Kephart, author of A Slant of Sun, comes a short, imaginative telling of the life of the Schuylkill River, which has served as the source of Philadelphia's water, power, industry, and beauty for the city's entire life. Before that, it fed the indigenous people who preceded William Penn, and has since time immemorial shape our region.

Founded as a port at the confluence of two great rivers, Kansas City has the waters of the Missouri running through its bloodstream-threading expressways, delivering drinking water, carrying traffic and sewage, and emerging most visibly in the city's celebrated fountains. Despite, or perhaps because of, the river's ubiquity, the complex and critical nature of its presence can be hard to understand, which is precisely why Amahia Mallea's enlightening book is so essential. Moving from the city's center to the outer limits of the metropolitan area, A River in the City of Fountains offers a clear view of the reach and intricacies of the Missouri River's connection to life in Kansas City. The history of this connection is one of science and industry working, sometimes at cross-purposes, to bend the river to the needs of commerce and public health. It is a story populated with heroes and villains, visionaries and robber barons, scientists and civil engineers, politicians and activists-all with schemes and plans and far-reaching ideas about what, and whose, demands the power of the Missouri should serve. And so, inevitably, it is a story of disparities: a story of, from one flood to the next, the haves staking out higher ground, leaving the have-nots to the perils of low-lying land. But what the book also shows us is a slow awakening to the ways in which all those vying for the river's favor are inextricably connected by its course; here we see, finally, a growing awareness of the river's essential role in the health and welfare of the whole urban environment. In the end, all citizens of Kansas City are both upstream and downstream; all are equally dependent on the health of the river. What this book helps us see is, at last, as much the city in the river as the river in the city.

The poor quality of water, as well as its restricted supply and availability, is one of the biggest challenges of our time, with presently two-fifth's of the world's population unable to find adequate fresh water for essential usage. Over 40 years' research has been carried out on the positive effects that rhythms and specific water flow has on water's capacity to support life. Energizing Water presents this cutting-edge research to the general and professional reader at a time when interest in finding solutions to water's huge worldwide problems is growing rapidly. Three aspects determine water quality: its chemical constituents (including its oxygen levels); its organic aspects (with the danger of contamination by effluent, pathogens and algae); and its 'energetic' nature. The latter facet has been recognized from time immemorial by traditional societies, who have developed their own sciences in relation to water quality, using terms such as prana and chi for energy. Now, through the introduction of quantum physics into the life sciences, modern science is beginning to accept this concept, measuring energy as light emission. Research into energetic water quality - and particularly into the creation of moulded surfaces that support biological purification of the chemical and organic elements, as well as enlivening the energetic attributes - goes back to George Adams' and John Wilkes' pioneering work in the 1960s. The invention of Flowform technology in 1970 carried this research further, providing the world with one of the first modern-day, biomimicry eco-technologies. This creative technology applies nature's best methods to produce extraordinary results, and this book outlines the background story on research and application of the Flowform method today.

Grand Canyon has been saved from dams three times in the last century. Unthinkable as it may seem today, many people promoted damming the Colorado River in the canyon during the early twentieth century as the most feasible solution to the water and power needs of the Pacific Southwest. These efforts reached their climax during the 1960s when the federal government tried to build two massive hydroelectric dams in Grand Canyon. Although not located within the Grand Canyon National Park or Monument, they would have flooded lengthy unprotected reaches of the canyon and along thirteen miles of the park boundary. Saving Grand Canyon tells the remarkable true story of the attempts to build dams in one of America's most spectacular natural wonders. Based on twenty-five years of research, this fascinating ride through history chronicles a century of Colorado River water development demonstrates how the National Environmental Policy Act came out of these controversies, and debunks the myth that the Sierra Club saved Grand Canyon. It also shows how the Sierra Club parlayed public perception as the canyon's savior into the leadership of the modern environmental movement after the National Environmental Policy Act became law. The tale of the Sierra Club stopping the dams has become so entrenched-and so embellished-that many historians, popular writers, and filmmakers have ignored the documented historical record. This epic story puts the events from 1963-68 into the broader the context of Colorado River water development and debunks 50 years of Colorado River water development and Grand Canyon history.

This comprehensive, two-volume review of the atmospheric and hydrologic sciences promises to be the definitive reference for both professionals and laypersons for years to come. Volume I addresses atmospheric dynamics, physical meteorology, weather systems, and measurements, while Volume II contains information on the climate system, atmospheric chemistry, hydrology, and societal impacts.

In Saving Our Streams, Roger Bate explains the history of an unusual and remarkably effective 'environmental' organisation - the Anglers' Conservation Association (ACA). Founded in 1948, the ACA is a voluntary association of angling clubs and individual anglers which brings civil suits against polluters who harm fishing. Dr Bate's original and instructive history explores how the ACA, using the common law, has operated to indemnify its members against the cost of litigation, bringing thousands of actions and being awarded hundreds of injunctions and millions of pounds in damages for plaintiffs. Most cases end in out-of-court settlement which, though efficient, brings little public recognition to the ACA. The ACA has not sought the limelight, unlike other environmental groups, but, argues Dr Bate, it is the most efficient and determined pollution prevention body in Britain. Its success demonstrates the value of private initiatives against polluters.

America's wettest state is running out of water. Yes, Florida-with its swamps, lakes, extensive coastlines, and legends of life-giving springs-faces a drinking water crisis that most people don't see coming. Drying Up is a wake-up call and a hard look at what the future holds for those who call Florida home. Journalist and educator John Dunn untangles the many causes of the state's freshwater problems. Drainage projects, construction, and urbanization, especially in the fragile wetlands of South Florida, have changed and shrunk natural water systems. Failing water infrastructure and increasing outbreaks of toxic algae are worsening pollution problems. Climate change, sea level rise, and groundwater pumping are spoiling freshwater resources with saltwater intrusion. Because of water shortages, fights have broken out over rights to the Apalachicola River, Lake Okeechobee, the Everglades, and other important watersheds. Many scientists think Florida has already passed the tipping point, Dunn warns. Drawing on hundreds of interviews and years of research, he affirms that soon there will not be enough water to meet demand if "business as usual" prevails. He investigates previous and current restoration efforts as well as proposed future solutions, including the "soft path for water" approach that uses green infrastructure to mimic natural hydrology. As millions of new residents are expected to arrive in Florida in the coming decades, this book is a timely introduction to a problem that will escalate dramatically-and not just in Florida. Dunn cautions that freshwater scarcity is a worldwide trend that can only be tackled effectively with the cooperation and single-minded focus of all whose lives depend on the most precious substance on earth.

Lakes are among the Upper Midwest's greatest treasures and most valuable natural resources. The Great Lakes define the region, and thousands of smaller lakes offer peace, joy, and recreation to millions. And yet, in large part because of the numbers of people who enjoy the local waterways, the lakes of Wisconsin, Michigan, and Minnesota face numerous challenges. Invasive species, pollution, defective septic systems, inadequate shoreland zoning laws, and climate change are present and increasingly existential threats. We are, quite possibly, loving our lakes to death. In his engaging and conversational style, Ted Rulseh details each of these challenges and proposes achievable solutions. He draws on personal experience, interviews, academic research, and government reports to describe the state of the lakes, the stresses they are under, and avenues to successful lakeside living for a sustainable future. Ripple Effects will be a go-to source for all who love lakes and who advocate for their protection; its driving question is summed up by one of Rulseh's interviewees: "We love this lake. What can we do to keep it healthy?"

This is the ultimate guide book for riverboat enthusiasts. Full of maps, camping tips, fishing hints and local history.

Exploring and appreciating the fascinating ecosystems of bogs and fensPeatlands-and specifically "bogs"-have long been a source of fascination for humans, and these amazing places are truly living relics of the Ice Age. More recently, bogs have come to be regarded as complex and fascinating wetland ecosystems. Peatlands of Ohio and the Southern Great Lakes Region focuses on the sphagnum peat bogs and rich fens of the lower Great Lakes states of Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, southern Michigan, and the glaciated northern corners of Pennsylvania. The peatlands of today are products of the Wisconsinan Glaciation, when peatland plants originating in northern latitudes migrated southward in a wide band preceding the glacial wall of ice. After thousands of years, the glacier's retreat severely diminished the sites with the very special environmental conditions needed to sustain these ecosystems. However, in a few sites, kettlehole lakes and cold alkaline hillside seeps and springs enabled remnants of peatland vegetation to survive to this day. Guy L. Denny, with accompanying photographs by Gary Meszaros, closely examines this habitat and its special environmental constraints, the geological and climatological origins, and the flora and fauna unique to the bogs and rich fens of this region. As readers will discover as they learn about places like Cranberry Bog in Michigan or Triangle Lake in Ohio, kettlehole sphagnum peat bogs and rich fens are not only essential places to protect, but they are amazing sites to explore, discover new plants, and observe the beauty and splendor of the natural world.