For over a century, the federal government has constructed water resource projects for a variety of purposes, including flood control, navigation, power generation, and irrigation. While most municipal and industrial water supplies have been built by non-federal entities, most of the large, federal water supply projects in the West, including Hoover and Grand Coulee dams, were constructed by the Bureau of Reclamation (Department of the Interior) to provide water for irrigation. Growing populations and changing values have increased demands on water supplies and river systems, resulting in water use and management conflicts throughout the country, particularly in the West, where the population is expected to increase 30% in the next 20-25 years. In many western states, agricultural needs are often in direct conflict with urban needs, as well as with water demand for threatened and endangered species, recreation, and scenic enjoyment. Debate over western water resources revolves around the issue of how best to plan for and manage the use of this renewable, yet sometimes scarce and increasingly sought after, resource. Some observers advocate enhancing water supplies, for example, by building new storage or diversion projects, expanding old ones, or funding water reclamation and reuse facilities. Others emphasise the need to manage existing supplies more efficiently through conservation, revision of policies that encourage inefficient use of water, and establishment of market mechanisms to allocate water. Recent proposals to expand the Upper Mississippi River-Illinois Waterway (UMR-IWW) a major transportation route for products moving to and from Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, and Wisconsin have met with significant controversy. Some of this controversy centres on the cumulative environmental effects of the current navigation system and the proposed expansion. The Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS), which includes the navigation channel and surrounding floodplain supports an unusually large number of species for a temperate river. The UMR-IWW navigation system alters UMRS habitat and contributes to a decline in the abundance of some species. For example, locks, dams, and other channel structures inhibit the movement of fish between and within river segments; fill side channels, backwaters, and wetlands with sediment; and suppress plant growth by reducing water clarity.

This book is an essential knowledge base for both ecological restoration and management. Although tropical lakes are not identical, and therefore require individually developed and restoration and management practices; there are general principles in both restoration and management that can be derived from the case histories in this book and the limnological literature in general.

Shallow groundwater systems are important as a source of water, for sustenance of stream baseflow, and for wetland and riparian ecosystems. They are also central to waterlogging, and dryland and irrigation salinity problems. Response time to hydrologic change and pollutant loadings is fast among shallow aquifiers, and it is important that hydrogeologists and natural resource managers understand the unsaturated zone processes which links human activity at the soil surface and the underlying groundwater, and vice versa. This volume of papers explores practical aspects of soil and surface water interactions with groundwater, including modelling of flow and contaminant transport in the unsaturated and saturated zones.

This is the ultimate guide book for riverboat enthusiasts. Full of maps, camping tips, fishing hints and local history.

Postmodern Wetlands explores the representation of wetlands (swamps, marshes, etc.) in western culture. For many, wetlands are a place of disease and horror often associated with the melancholy and the monstrous; in short, they are 'black waters'. Yet, ecologically, wetlands are vitally important for human and other life on earth: they are 'living' waters. The aim of this book is to produce a cultural critique of wetlands as both living and black waters. Drawing on a wide range of disciplines and methodologies, the book analyses wetlands in relation to aesthetics and philosophy, cities and human psychology, mythology and narrative and medical, military, social and conservation history. It discusses these issues using examples across a variety of genres and making reference to British, American and Australian wetlands.

This text provides an overview of the physical and biological processes that shape California's rivers and watersheds. It introduces relevant basic principles of hydrology and geomorphology and applies them to an understanding of the differences in character of the state's many rivers. It then builds on this foundation by evaluating the impact on waterways of different land use practices-logging, mining, agriculture, flood control, urbanization, and water supply development. Water may be one of California's most valuable resources, but it is far from being one we control. In spite of channels, levees, lines and dams, the state's rivers still frequently flood, with devastating results. Almost all the rivers in California are dammed or diverted; with the booming population, there will be pressure for more intervention. The author argues that Californians know little about how their rivers work and, more importantly, how and why land-use practices impact rivers. The forceful reconfiguration and redistribution of the rivers has already brought the state to a critical crossroads. This text forces an evaluation of our use of the state's rivers and offers a foundation for participating in

Among the most compelling environmental issues of today and tomorrow are those concerning the world's fresh water resources. Peter H. Gleick's important new volume, Water in Crisis, addresses the timely and sometimes controversial aspects of world water use. At stake are water quality, quantity, and possible future conflicts over shared international water resources. Nine essays by leading specialists from fields as diverse as hydrology, zoology, and law, among others, cover such issues as the status of developments in international water law; hydroelectric power; the possible effects of climatic change on water resources; and the state of fresh water fisheries. Particular chapters explore access to clean drinking water and sanitation; the use of water for energy and food production; the quality of rivers, lakes, and inland seas; and the condition of natural aquatic ecosystems. A joint project of the Pacific Institute and the Stockholm Environment Institute, this book is a comprehensive guide to the world's fresh water resources. Hydrologists, engineers, policy makers, professionals in the environmental sciences, as well as lay readers will find Water in Crisis a dynamic resource and information-packed reference. More than 200 tables of fresh water data supplement this important volume.

This text introduces engineering students to the principles and practice of engineering hydrology and shows, through examples, how to approach the apparently intractable problems which hydraulic engineers meet. The last decade has been a time of considerable activity in the subject, following the publication of the Flood Studies Report by the Institute of Hydrology. Examples of this on-going work include advances in urban hydrology, published as The Wallingford Procedure; the Low Flow Studies, the Flood Studies Supplementary Reports and the World Flood Study from IOH and the Manual for Estimation of Probable Maximum precipitation from the World Meteorological Organization. Short descriptions of some of these subjects have been included in this edition and the opportunity has been taken of enlarging the lists of problems, re-organizing chapters, updating references and including relevant new material.

This newly published book is an organized collection of papers dealing with changes in the quality of water as it moves through the world's hydrologic cycle-from the sea, lakes, and rivers-to its hydrosphere and then back to earth as precipitation, where the water again percolates through the soil or falls on the ocean, rivers, or lakes. (Changes that occur are physical, chemical, and biological.) Though chapters discuss results of specific lab or field experiments which in themselves have value for the scientist, focus is on processes involved. Many general concepts of water quality are provided in this cohesively organized book.

This succinct book gives an intimate view of the day-to-day functioning of a remarkable river that has figured prominently in history and cultureOCothe Hudson, a main artery connecting New York, America, and the world. Writing for a wide audience, David Strayer distills the large body of scientific information about the river into a non-technical overview of its ecology. Strayer describes the geography and geology of the Hudson and its basin, the properties of water and its movements in the river, water chemistry, and the riverOCOs plants and animals. He then takes a more detailed look at the HudsonOCOs ecosystems and each of its major habitats. Strayer also discusses important management challenges facing the river today, including pollution, habitat destruction, overfishing, invasive species, and ecological restoration.

A remarkable portrait of the Ganges, India's most sacred and important river and a potent symbol across South Asia. "Indisputably the single best text on the Ganges and its history."-Wall Street Journal Originating in the Himalayas and flowing into the Bay of Bengal, the Ganges is India's most important and sacred river. In this unprecedented work, historian Sudipta Sen tells the story of the Ganges, from the communities that arose on its banks to the merchants that navigated its waters, and the way it came to occupy center stage in the history and culture of the subcontinent. Sen begins his chronicle in prehistoric India, tracing the river's first settlers, its myths of origin in the Hindu tradition, and its significance during the ascendancy of popular Buddhism. In the following centuries, Indian empires, Central Asian regimes, European merchants, the British Empire, and the Indian nation-state all shaped the identity and ecology of the river. Weaving together geography, environmental politics, and religious history, Sen offers in this lavishly illustrated volume a remarkable portrait of one of the world's largest and most densely populated river basins.

This state-of-the-art, research level text considers the growing volume of research at the interface of hydrology and ecology and focuses on: the evolution of hydroecology / ecohydrology process understandinghydroecological interactions, dynamics and linkagesmethodological approachesdetailed case studiesfuture research needs

The editors and contributors are internationally recognised experts in hydrology and ecology from institutions across North America, South America, Australia, and Europe. Chapters provide a broad geographical coverage and bridge the traditional subject divide between hydrology and ecology.

The book considers a range of organisms (plants, invertebrates and fish), provides a long-term perspective on contemporary and palaeo-systems, and emphasises wider research implications with respect to environmental and water resource management.

"Hydroecology and Ecohydrology" is an indispensable resource for academics and postgraduate researchers in departments of physical geography, earth sciences, environmental science, environmental management, civil engineering, water resource management, biology, zoology, botany and ecology. It is also of interest to professionals working within environmental consultancies, organizations and national agencies.

Temperate rivers are influenced by many factors including geology, climate, soils, sediment type, flow, as well as human activity. The complex interactions of the non-anthropogenic controlling factors have led to a wonderful diversity of river type throughout the British Isles. Sadly, almost all rivers in the UK have suffered significant and long-lasting modification by unsympathetic management, that has all but destroyed this variety, creating watercourses that are simplified conduits for water and sediment, designed primarily to drain the land and reduce flood risk. This volume aims to help reverse this, illustrating using over 200 images and descriptions, this variety of rivers in Britain, highlighting the many forms that temperate river systems take and providing an accessible summary of the underlying river science knowledge base. A Field Guide to British Rivers covers the full range of upland and lowland channel types and describes the full variety of substrate conditions from bedrock through boulder, cobble and gravel, to silt dominated systems. The authors describe examples gathered from their extensive research and practical experience working with rivers throughout mainland Britain and set those examples in their wider landscape context to exemplify the natural functioning of temperate river types. This book offers a practical and contextualised guide to contribute to efforts towards the sympathetic and sustainable restoration and re-naturalisation of degraded channels in the UK. Offering a unique viewpoint of both the underpinning science and the practicalities of river management, A Field Guide to British Rivers is an essential a stand-alone guide for anyone involved in river restoration and management as well as for those simply interested in rivers in general. Written as a field guide to demonstrate practical examples of river types, and to highlight the pressures they experience and their often-parlous condition, this book is intended to better inform both river management approaches and the policy necessary to achieve this. Fundamentally, the authors seek to demonstrate how the hydrological, geomorphological, and ecological functions of rivers and their catchments are inexorably intertwined, and together how they generate and maintain rivers as dynamic entities.

Riparian areas - transitional zones between the aquatic environments of streams, rivers, and lakes and the terrestrial environments on and alongside their banks - are special places. They provide almost two hundred thousand miles of connections through which the waters of Texas flow. Keeping the water flowing, in as natural a way as possible, is key to the careful and wise management of the state's water resources. Texas Riparian Areas evolved from a report commissioned by the Texas Water Development Board as Texas faced the reality of over-allocated water resources and long-term if not permanent drought conditions. Its purpose was to summarize the characteristics of riparian areas and to develop a common vocabulary for discussing, studying, and managing them.

Forests, Water and People in the Humid Tropics is a comprehensive review of the hydrological and physiological functioning of tropical rain forests, the environmental impacts of their disturbance and conversion to other land uses, and optimum strategies for managing them. The book brings together leading specialists in such diverse fields as tropical anthropology and human geography, environmental economics, climatology and meteorology, hydrology, geomorphology, plant and aquatic ecology, forestry and conservation agronomy. The editors have supplemented the individual contributions with invaluable overviews of the main sections and provide key pointers for future research. Specialists will find authenticated detail in chapters written by experts on a whole range of people-water-land use issues, managers and practitioners will learn more about the implications of ongoing and planned forest conversion, while scientists and students will appreciate a unique review of the literature.

One of the key features of agricultural development in the last five decades has been intensive groundwater use in the Indo-Gangetic Basin (Pakistan, India, Nepal and Bangladesh) and in the Yellow River Basin (China). Groundwater irrigates almost 60% of the net irrigated area in South Asia and 70% in the north China plains. Groundwater use for agriculture is still increasing. Despite the growing significance of groundwater to agricultural growth, food security and rural livelihoods globally, and at the same time significant signs of limitations and constraints for further use, knowledge of the subject has remained limited. The subject includes the wider issues of socioeconomic impacts, political economy, groundwater institutions, access to other resources like energy and land, approaches to resource governance and management and specifically integrating evidence-based science into management decisions.

This book addresses these information shortfalls and provides a consolidated and cross-disciplinary source of information and documentation of realities and challenges of contemporary agricultural groundwater use and management in poverty-prone areas of Asia. It draws on primary data collected in the course of an innovative, cross-coordinated and inter-disciplinary fieldwork programme, covering those regions in Asia that significantly depend on groundwater for agricultural livelihoods. This work is essential reading for hydrogeologists, socio-economists, agro-economists and water managers working in poor countries. Donors and implementers, both government and NGO, will also learn from the experiences described in this book.

Building on the foundation set by its best-selling predecessors, the Groundwater Chemicals Desk Reference, Fourth Edition is both a broad, comprehensive desk reference and a guide for field research. This fourth edition contains more than 1,700 additional references, including adsorption data for more than 800 organic compounds and metals, solubility data for over 2,500 compounds, octanol-water partition coefficients for 1,475 compounds, toxicity data for 1,100 compounds, more than 31,000 synonyms, and more than 2,250 degradation products, impurities, and compounds in commercially available products cross-referenced to parent compounds. See what's new in the Fourth Edition: * Additional bioconcentration factors * Additional aquatic and mammalian toxicity values * Additional degradation rates and corresponding half-lives in various environmental compartments * Ionization potentials * Additional aqueous solubility of miscellaneous inorganic and organic compounds * Additional Henry's Law constants for 1,850 compound entries * Additional octanol-water partition coefficients for 1,475 compound entries * Additional biological, chemical, and theoretical oxygen demand values for various organic compounds * Four additional tables: Test Method Number Index, Dielectric Values of Earth Materials and Fluids, Lowest Odor Threshold Concentrations of Organic Compounds in Water, and Lowest Threshold Concentrations of Organic Compounds in Water * A section for each compound entry describing potential sources of compounds detected in the environment The compounds profiled include solvents, herbicides, insecticides, fumigants, and other hazardous substances commonly found in the groundwater and soil environments, the organic Priority Pollutants promulgated by the U.S. EPA under the Clean Water Act of 1977, and compounds commonly found in the workplace and environment. The presentation remains virtually the same as previous editions, making the information easy to find and immediately useful.

This work argues for the adoption of sociotechnology as a unified concept where both social and technical aspects are approached simultaneously.

Contents:
Foreword: Reservoirs, environmental processes, management and policy. Intersectoral approaches for resolving policy conflicts in water resourses development. Water resources development - FAO policy perspectives in relation to food security, health and environment. National framework for environmental and health impact assessment in Australia. Health opportunity assessment in water resouce development. Health opportunities in water resources development: a cource for intersectoral collaboration. Environmental indicators of healthy water resources. Microbial pitfalls of water resources development. Ord River Irrigation area: The effect of dam construction and irrigation on the incidence of Murray valley encephalitis virus. Safe management of the Ross River Dam, Northern Australia, in relation to recreation and health. Artificial wetlands and mosquito control in Australia. Habitat management as the focus of the Tennessee Valley Authority's Program to control mosquitos in freshwater inpounds and wetlands. Public Health and recreational issues in water resource development projects. Aquaculture, anophelines and environmental solutions for Indonesia. Socio-economic and health impacts of water resource developments in Thailand. Index.

Water-rock interactions play an important role in nearly all physical and chemical processes operating on the Earth's surface and subsurface. This work contains the proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI-8), held in Russia in 1995.

Contents: Hydrothermal systems: modern and old, marine and continental; Ore deposits in modern and old geothermal systems; High-pressure and low-temperature metamorphism and low-pressure and high temperature metamorphism (paired Myashiro belts); Geochemical cycles as responses to global climate changes and anthropogenetic processes; Geochemical modelling of water-rock interaction processes; Organic processes in the water rock interaction system; Influence of mining industry on composition of ground and surficial waters;

Calcium and magnesium are abundant in groundwater, but the role of groundwater as the essential source of these important nutrients is very often neglected. Hydrogeochemical studies are focused mainly on distribution and behaviour of constituents that cause deterioration of water quality, such as: nitrate, nitrite or iron, manganese. Therefore, most recent books and papers concentrate mainly on these water components and only a small number of papers describe results of groundwater studies on valuable water components as calcium or magnesium. Calcium and magnesium are of great importance to human health and inadequate intake of either nutrient can impair health. The main objective of this IAH Selected Papers book is to present the results of the studies on calcium and magnesium in groundwater as well as their importance for human health.
The chapters in this book are written by hydrogeologists and hydrochemists as well as medical doctors and include: methods of investigation of calcium and magnesium in groundwaters, distribution and behaviour of calcium and magnesium in different aquifers, calcium and magnesium in bottled mineral and spring waters, significance of calcium and magnesium in waters for human health.

GIS and Geocomputation for Water Resource Science and Engineering not only provides a comprehensive introduction to the fundamentals of geographic information systems but also demonstrates how GIS and mathematical models can be integrated to develop spatial decision support systems to support water resources planning, management and engineering. The book uses a hands-on active learning approach to introduce fundamental concepts and numerous case-studies are provided to reinforce learning and demonstrate practical aspects. The benefits and challenges of using GIS in environmental and water resources fields are clearly tackled in this book, demonstrating how these technologies can be used to harness increasingly available digital data to develop spatially-oriented sustainable solutions. In addition to providing a strong grounding on fundamentals, the book also demonstrates how GIS can be combined with traditional physics-based and statistical models as well as information-theoretic tools like neural networks and fuzzy set theory.

Tasked by the Clean Water Act to restore and maintain the integrity of their waters, state and local governments must develop systems for assessing the health of the streams within their borders. They quickly find that one size does not fit all when it comes to sampling. Rapid Bioassessment of Stream Health examines the sampling techniques, laboratory methods, and data analysis necessary to create a protocol for analyzing the health of streams, using rapid bioassessment techniques. The editors explore how to determine reference streams in each ecoregion and subecoregion with specific indices of health. They provide field methods for monitoring and sampling invertebrates and laboratory methods for subsampling. The work focuses on the application of the EPA's Rapid Bioassessment Protocol (RBP) but suggests various techniques that can be used to improve sampling protocols and quality control, where necessary. It also includes general listings of health classifications, appendices of more than 300 streams that have been sampled, and a GIS method for designating the reference condition for purposes of comparison in each ecological unit. Although the EPA's RBP Manual is considered to be the standard of information on the types of metrics that can be used, this book explores, from a state regulatory standpoint, the practical development of such a system to begin compliance with critical sections of the Clean Water Act. A compendium of information about prioritizing those streams and small rivers requiring analysis, this book contains guidelines on the assessment of streams in a particular ecoregion and sampling streams that are at least impaired as points of comparison. It supplies guidance for the production of other rapid bioassessment tools customized to various ecoregions and subecoregions.

Renewable blue water flows will very soon be insufficient to meet the growing demands of the industrial, agricultural and domestic sectors. Within a generation, the proportion of the world 's population facing acute water stress could be as high as 50 per cent, because of increased pollution, population growth, urbanization, economic growth and, above all, because of poor management practices.The awareness of this crisis is growing and with it the realization that new approaches to water management are desperately needed. This book will provide the resources to create them. In it, many of the most successful and innovative managers today explain what can be achieved and how to improve the conservation of water, its distribution and its quality.

Part A: THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES NORTH OF ST.

LOUIS.

Upper Mississippi River.

Lower Mississippi—Atchafalaya River.

Main Stem—Missouri River.

Kansas River.