Transport affects everyone--it enables access to social activities, employment, leisure, goods and services. But with traffic levels estimated to nearly double by the year 2025, there is cause for concern. Strategies to reduce the harmful effects of motor vehicles such as emission controls are welcome, but are likely to be outweighed by the projected increases in motor traffic over the next 25 years.

Without a fundamental shift in policy away from the care to other forms of transport, it is inevitable that the transport sector will continue to impose large and growing costs on human health and the environment.

This BMA report serves to highlight the many ways in which transport policy affects health, considering not the more obvious effects such as accidents and pollution but also other consequences of transport policy such as the decline of public transport services, particularly in rural areas, the lowering of the quality of life of inner-city residents and the associated lack of physical activity leading to unhealthy lifestyles.

As well as making recommendations and suggesting some possible solutions, this report aims to promote a broader debate of transport policy and health, which will highlight to the medical profession, public and government the many adverse effects that certain transport policies may have on our health and environment.

This report will be of interest to all member of the public and is essential reading for students, policy makers, town planners, environmental health experts, doctors and other health care professionals.

An important part of an organization's overall safety and health program involves safety management for contractors. A contractor with a poor safety program can adversely affect quality, productivity, schedules, and overall cost. This book explains how to manage project safety and improve the odds of an injury-free workplace.

If project managers are to apply their judgment wisely, they need to know the rationale for each requirement, and how to implement it. They must know what is to be done, who is to do it, and when and how it should be done. The author considers all these factors.

Construction Site Safety addresses the fundamental elements of a successful construction safety program. The author explains the industry trends and best practices that enable job site managers or field engineers to understand the necessary steps to ensure that contractors have and follow safety guidelines.

Features

Logging in the northern forest has been romanticized, with images of log drives, plaid shirts, and bunkhouses in wide circulation. Increasingly dismissed as a quaint, rural pastime, logging remains one of the most dangerous jobs in the United States, with loggers occupying a precarious position amid unstable markets, expanding global competition, and growing labor discord. Examining a time of transition and decline in Maine's forest economy, Andrew Egan traces pathways for understanding the challenges that have faced Maine's logging community and, by extension, the state's forestry sector, from the postwar period through today. Seeking greater profits, logging companies turned their crews loose at midcentury, creating a workforce of independent contractors who were forced to purchase expensive equipment and compete for contracts with the mills. Drawing on his own experience with the region's forest products industry, interviews with Maine loggers, media coverage, and court documents, Egan follows the troubled recent history of the industry and its battle for survival.

Written by experts in the field, this textbook examines the principles and applications of techniques used in monitoring pesticide disposition following application and in the assessment of human exposure. It approaches pesticide exposure systematically, examining both occupational and bystander exposure. Some aspects of exposure which are addressed include: aerial transport with on- and off-target loss of material; transferable or dislodgeable residues from surfaces; biomonitoring of systemating absorbed residues; epidermal desposition and absorption through the skin; and the assessment of adverse health effects including neurological and neurobehavioural endpoints of toxicity. Gaining insight into exposure characterization/assessment, the reader will be able to design experiments that monitor biological effects of exposure, develop regulatory guidelines for application practices, or protect human health.

Based on groundbreaking research on the working conditions of airport check-in workers in two countries, a previously unstudied category of predominantly women workers, Ellen Rosskam describes a form of work characterized as modern-day Taylorism. An occupation greatly affected by new forms of work organization and management practices-caught in the throes of rapid change due to international competition, alliances, mergers, and the application of cost-efficiency strategies-check-in work has been undermined in recent years by the adverse effects of liberalization and technological change.By peeling away the veneer of glamour associated with airport check-in work, Rosskam reveals how changes in work organization in this sector have de-skilled, disempowered, and ultimately demoralized workers. In "Excess Baggage", weaving through the psychological distress, physical pain from musculoskeletal disorders, strain, and violence that check-in workers experience and describe in their own words, a picture emerges of a job perceived to be "safe," "clean," "glamour girl" work, but which is comparable to industrial workplaces that require heavy manual lifting, obligingly performed in skirts, dresses, and pretty little shoes.

The book was written in the heat of controversies to which illusion is made, the somewhat severe criticisms being justified by the then facts and circumstances. If they now appear to be harsh, it is because the policy then denounced has been abandoned, or so modified as to be no longer open to the condemnation then pronounced. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions that are true to the original work.

Burnout is a common metaphor for a state of extreme psychophysical exhaustion, usually work-related. This book provides an overview of the burnout syndrome from its earliest recorded occurrences to current empirical studies. It reviews perceptions that burnout is particularly prevalent among certain professional groups - police officers, social workers, teachers, financial traders - and introduces individual inter- personal, workload, occupational, organizational, social and cultural factors. Burnout deals with occurrence, measurement, assessment as well as intervention and treatment programmes.; This textbook should prove useful to occupational and organizational health and safety researchers and practitioners around the world. It should also be a valuable resource for human resources professional and related management professionals.

The public sector is one of the largest employers in the UK. Employees working in the NHS, local government, education, the police and fire services also represent a large and growing body of students taking business degree courses at universities.
This book also looks at the issue of employee relations in the public services. Starting from a legal, economic and financial context, Corby and White outline the main developments in the public sectors, decentralisation, contracting out, fragmentation and the growth of individualism in the employment contract.
The contributors then develop and analyse the themes which are currently affecting public sector employees - pay, equal opportunities, competitive tendering, flexibilities, quality and the position of trade unions.
This is a stimulating, up-to-date and intellectually rigourous text which will be essential reading for students of public policy, public sector management, human resource management, employee and industrial relations. The thematic approach will compliment many alternative texts which are more descriptive and focused on individual services.

This study examines how unions representing telephone workers--one in Mexico and one in British Columbia, Canada--have responded to changes in technology, work organization, and government policy stemming from the rise of a more global economy. Some business writers have suggested that globalization will compel unions to cooperate with managers as workers are more exposed to international competition. By analyzing the actual record of two unions in the highly internationalized telecommunications industry, however, a different picture emerges.

In Abusive Supervision in Government Agencies, Caillier uses both quantitative and qualitative survey data, a mixed-method approach, to argue that certain organizational norms and subordinate factors either increase or decrease the presence of abusive supervision in agencies and that when employees experience abusive supervision, their well-being and work attitudes are adversely affected. In addition, a mixed-method approach is used to contend that problems concerning the abusive supervision process are pervasive in agencies. More specifically, many targets of abuse supervision fail to report the incident, and for those who do, agencies seldom do anything to stop abusive supervisors and the overwhelming majority of targets experience some form of retaliation for reporting the abuse. The author also uses qualitative data to argue that many agencies still do not have a robust workplace aggression policy. The author concludes by identifying future directions for research concerning abusive supervision.

Industrial hygienists and ventilation engineers know the name well: W.C.L. Hemeon. Since 1955, those professionals have frequently looked to Hemeon's Plant & Process Ventilation for essential information on industrial ventilation. Hemeon's longtime influence and inspiration has now prompted D. Jeff Burton-a prolific author on industrial ventilation himself-to produce a Fourth Edition of "the classic industrial ventilation text." While retaining Hemeon's distinctive writing style, conveying practical information in vivid phrasing, Burton has added extensive new information to recognize today's technology and techniques. Essential fundamentals of ventilation covered in the book include an explanation about the dynamic properties of airborne contaminants, and the principles of dispersion mechanism and local exhaust. Advanced applications are also examined in detail, particularly system design, dust control, and troubleshooting. Along with providing essential background on the two primary types of workplace ventilation-general and local exhaust-Hemeon's Plant & Process Ventilation also aims for mutual understanding between the health-oriented priorities of industrial hygienists, and the practical applications for maximum efficiency considered by ventilation engineers. Have a well-thumbed, dog-eared copy of Hemeon's Plant & Process Ventilation? Now is the best time to retire it in favor of this revised-and respectful-edition. Those who are new to Hemeon's approach will discover what other professionals have known more than 40 years: Hemeon offers some of the most effective ways to control environmental contaminates through proper ventilation techniques.

A complete guide to environmental, safety, and health engineering, including

• An overview of EPA and OSHA regulations
• Principles of environmental engineering, including pollution prevention, waste and wastewater treatment and disposal, environmental statistics, air emissions and abatement engineering, and hazardous waste storage and containment
• Principles of safety engineering, including safety management, equipment safety, fire and life safety, process and system safety, confined space safety, and construction safety
• Principles of industrial hygiene/occupational health engineering, including: chemical hazard assessment, personal protective equipment, industrial ventilation, ionizing and nonionizing radiation, noise, and ergonomics

Examining the UK's manufacturing sector, this book features contributions from specialists in business, management, economics, organizational behaviour and economic geography. Subjects covered include: the nature of change in the management of manufacturing organizations; the significance of manufacturing in the mature economies of the 21st century; the impact of Japanese companies and methods; the implications of de-industrialization; comparative analysis of British, Japanese and American electronics manufacturers; the regional political economy of manufacturing; the changing nature of buyer-supplier relations; and the prospects for manufacturing renewal in the UK. Detailed and topical, this book should be of interest to business students, researchers and public policy makers.

Almost a fifth of all employees work in the public sector. Employees working in the civil service, NHS, local government, education, the police and fire services also represent a large and growing body of students taking degree courses at universities. Exploring this important and rapidly changing area, this book outlines the main developments in the public sector since 1979, including topical issues such as the rise of new public management, decentralisation and contracting out. Themes which currently affect public sector employees are examined, including:

* decentralization
* contracting out
* fragmentation and the growth of individualism in the employment contract.

This stimulating, up-to-date and intellectually rigorous text is thematic, rather than sector specific, and reflects the way this subject is taught in a range of courses. It will complement alternative texts in this area and will be a valuable resource for students of public policy, public sector management, human resource management, employee and industrial relations.

20 murders every week. 18,000 assaults in the same time. All on the job.
Sharp increases in workplace violence continue to take an unfortunate toll on American business-and its employees, families and communities. Preventative measures may be well-intentioned, but pose troubling conflicts in themselves, pitting each employee's privacy vs. overall worker protection.
A full-self evaluation of your business and its personnel may be the key to safeguard against workplace violence. Thomas D. Schneid's Occupational Health Guide to Violence in the Workplace provides the important guidelines for that careful, all-encompassing examination.
Most books on workplace violence focus on psychological profiles. In a change of pace, Schneid examines the issue from a safety/health professional's viewpoint, taking all angles, legal issues, and potential ramifications into account. Chapters focus on not only in-house efforts to prevent violent incidents, but also government and legal standards directly or indirectly related to worker's rights and corporate liability.
Make every effort to prevent workplace violence from hitting home: start with advice from the Occupational Health Guide to Violence in the Workplace

To reflect the need for increasing expertise in a highly complex legal arena, the Conseil International du Batiment pour la Recherche L'Etude et la Documentation (CIB) inaugurated an international task force, TG15, to study the area of construction disputes around the world, which now has more than 120 members in 30 countries. Drawing from an international expert author based from the CIB taskforce, and edited by coordinators of TG15, experts representing both the legal and construction professions, this book aims to provide a first reference for those considering, or already, working in the international workplace. Each of the 25 national monographs report on construction dispute practice and procedure according to a standard format, providing the reader with the necessary tools for managing conflicts and resolving disputes on construction projects in different countries.

The authors believe that a systematic organizational approach to aviation safety must replace the piecemeal approaches largely favoured in the past, but this change needs to be preceded by information to explain why a new approach is necessary. Accident records show a flattening of the safety curve since the early Seventies: instead of new kinds of accident, similar safety deficiencies have become recurrent features in accident reports. This suggests the need to review traditional accident prevention strategies, focused almost exclusively on the action or inaction's of front-line operational personnel. The organizational model proposed by the authors is one alternative means to pursue safety and prevention strategies in contemporary aviation; it is also applicable to other production systems. The model argues for a broadened approach, which considers the influence of all organizations (the blunt end ) involved in aviation operations, in addition to individual human performance (the sharp end ). If the concepts of systems safety and organizational accidents are to be advanced, aviation management at all levels must be aware of them. This book is intended to provide a bridge from the academic knowledge gained from research, to the needs of practitioners in aviation. It comprises six chapters: the fundamentals, background and justification for an organizational accident causation model to the flight deck, maintenance and air traffic control environments. The last chapter suggest different ways to apply the model as a prevention tool which furthermore enhances organizational effectiveness. The value of the organizational framework pioneered by Professor Reason in analyzing safety in high-technology production systems is felt by his co-authors to have an enduring role to play, both now and in coming decades. Applied now in this book, it has been adopted by ICAO, IFATCA, IMO, the US National Transportation Safety Board, the Transportation Safety B

Understanding Laser Accidents provides a comprehensive reference addressing a wide a spectrum of laser accidents. The under-reporting and misreporting of laser accidents creates a blind spot for the laser management of institutions, laser users and laser safety officers. This book attempts to lift that veil. By giving details of why laser accidents occur, accident preparation, where to find laser accident information, elements of laser accident investigation, role of lessons learned and regulatory oversight of laser use. Chapters include a look at pilot illumination, fiber telecommunication, light show incidents and more as well as a detailed and honest review of three laser events that hold a mirror up to researchers and industrial laser users. * Provides a comprehensive, single source devoted to laser accidents * Covers elements of laser accident preparedness * Provides detailed analysis of some laser accidents that share common threads across the research and industrial environment * Contains information on where to find laser accident information * Extensive information on the illumination of pilots * Reviews laser regulatory oversight, non-beam hazards and laser safety tools

Examining the UK's manufacturing sector, this book features contributions from specialists in business, management, economics, organizational behaviour and economic geography. Subjects covered include: the nature of change in the management of manufacturing organizations; the significance of manufacturing in the mature economies of the 21st century; the impact of Japanese companies and methods; the implications of de-industrialization; comparative analysis of British, Japanese and American electronics manufacturers; the regional political economy of manufacturing; the changing nature of buyer-supplier relations; and the prospects for manufacturing renewal in the UK. Detailed and topical, this book should be of interest to business students, researchers and public policy makers.

Burnout is a common metaphor for a state of extreme psychophysical exhaustion, usually work-related. This book provides an overview of the burnout syndrome from its earliest recorded occurrences to current empirical studies. It reviews perceptions that burnout is particularly prevalent among certain professional groups - police officers, social workers, teachers, financial traders - and introduces individual inter- personal, workload, occupational, organizational, social and cultural factors. Burnout deals with occurrence, measurement, assessment as well as intervention and treatment programmes.; This textbook should prove useful to occupational and organizational health and safety researchers and practitioners around the world. It should also be a valuable resource for human resources professional and related management professionals.

This study looks at union responses to the changes in the Latin American automobile industry over the past 15 years. Chapters focus on Argentina, Brazil, Columbia, Mexico, and Venezuela, while considering the impact of the shift toward export production and regional integration. In addition, contributing authors discuss the degree to which political changes (the breakdown and perpetuation of authoritarian rule and state-corporatism) have influenced unions' responses to reorganization.

First Published in 1998. This is Volume XV of the eighteen in the Sociology of Work and Organization series. This book provides a discussion of when and why workers turn into unionists, the view of industrial responsibility and civic virtue initially written in 1965.

Worldwide, there are a vast array of agricultural pesticides and chemicals used to eliminate pests and to protect health, food, and fiber. The safe handling, usage, and disposal of these chemicals and pesticides is of vital importance. The Agrochemical and Pesticides Safety Handbook serves as a field resource on the hazards of these pesticides and chemicals.
Providing information on more than 500 pesticides and 100 agricultural chemicals, this informative handbook guides the reader in selecting proper respiratory protection, chemical protective clothing, and storage methods. The text also instructs users on proper response procedures for fires, spills, and other incidents involving these chemicals.

The industrial hygienist is actively involved with the engineering community, particularly where the subject of industrial ventilation is concerned. While engineers concentrate on methods and techniques necessary to ensure maximum efficiency of a given system, the industrial hygienist concentrates on human health.
Ventilation is one of the most widely used methods of controlling environmental eontaminates, and for this reason, industrial hygienists must have specific knowledge of the design of equipment and the principles which it operates.
This informative text, written in easily understood language, will allow those without a mechanical engineering background to understand air calculation and ventilation problems. Industrial Hygiene Ventilation provides the industrial hygienist with a handy reference containing the equations, constants, conversions, and formulae that they will encounter in their day to day duties.

Occupational injury is a major and often preventable health problem in the work environment. Each year throughout the world millions are affected by traumatic occupational injuries and many thousands are actually killed in work-related incidents. This book provides a diverse and multi-faceted look at some of the themes directing late-1990s research and intervention within the area of occupational injury and safety.
The book is divided into seven thematic parts with an introduction provided for each section. The topics include estimating the size of the problem, with discussions of different analytical techniques and their efficacy; the nature of causal agents the relative roles of risk, behaviour and organization processes; and the role played by compensation processes. Together the book brings into focus twenty chapters which address some of the issues of occupational injury and safety.